No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

No abstract available.
Wilms Tumor*

We experienced two cases of irreducible fracture dislocation and one case of neglected dislocation of the interphalangeal joint of great toe. The cause of irreducibility of fracture dislocation were an interposition of the flexor hallucis longus tendon entrapped within undisplaced longitudinal fracture of the condyle of proximal phalanx and an entrapment of the osteochondral fragment which was avulsed from the distal insertion of lateral collateral ligament.
Dislocations ; Joints ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Tendons ; Toes

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine whether the corpus callosum is involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and measured corpus callosal areas of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls. METHODS: We obtained the brain magnetic resonance imaging of 23 schizophrenic inpatients(15 males, 8 females)and 23 controls(11 males, 12 females)with simple headache or dizziness. Among the schizophrenic group, first episode patients were 13, chronic patients were 10. In mid-sagittal plane, the corpus callosum was divided into 7 areas and the cerebral area was measured. This data was analyzed with NIH image 1.60 software. We compared the corpus callosal areas of schizophrenics with controls by t-test and by ANOVA according to sex. Thereafter, ANCOVA was performed with mid-sagittal cerebral area as covariant. Comparison of first episode, chronic schizophrenics and controls was carried out by MANCOVA that was adjusted with age and mid-sagittal cerebral area. RESULTS: The schizophrenics, compared with controls, had smaller corpus callosal areas except for the 3rd, 6th callosal area, but statistical significance was absent. According to sex, male schizophrenics had insignificantly smaller total callosal areas than male controls and female schizophrenics had larger ones. In comparision of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls, first episode patients had smaller every corpus callosal areas than chronic ones, chronic ones had larger total callosal area than controls and first episode ones had smaller total area than controls, but statistical significances were absent also. CONCLUSION: Our study did not reveal the structural abnormality of corpus callosum in schizophrenic patients, but many controversial results have been reported in other studies. This inter-study inconsistency could be explained by the hypotheses of not only clinical but also biological different phenotypes within the schizophrenia.
Brain ; Corpus Callosum ; Dizziness ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Phenotype ; Schizophrenia

The coexistence of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma and renal artery stenosis is extremely rare. The mechanisms of renal artery stenosis with pheochromocytoma include direct compression of the tumor mass on the renal artery and catecholamine-induced vasospasm, fibromuscular hyperplasia, and fibrous adhesion. We report a rare case of renal artery stenosis caused by extraadrenal pheochromocytoma in a 29- year-old female. She was admitted to the hospital because of palpitation and headache. She had been treated for hypertension for 2 years. On admission, her plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were elevated as were her plasma renin activity, urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrine levels. Through the use of abdominal computed tomography, 131I-MIBG scan, and renal arteriography, a mass was found in the hilus of the left kidney which affected left renal artery stenosis. Surgical removal of the mass and left kidney restored the catecholamine excretion, plasma renin activity, and blood pressure to normal. Electronmicroscopic examination of the mass confirmed the pheochromocytoma.
Angiography ; Blood Pressure ; Epinephrine ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Metanephrine ; Norepinephrine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Plasma ; Renal Artery Obstruction* ; Renal Artery* ; Renin ; Vanilmandelic Acid

PURPOSE: Persistent pyuria is one of the common complications after transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). Postoperative pyuria has an effect on postoperative voiding symptoms. Thus, postoperative urinalysis and urine culture are reliable indicators when following up voiding symptoms. In our study, possible preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors influencing the development and duration of pyuria and bacteriuria after TURP were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2004 and November 2005, 82 patients who underwent TURP due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were evaluated. The risk factors of the duration of the postoperative pyuria were divided into preoperative, intraoperative postoperative, and evaluated the differences and correlations according to these risk factors. RESULTS: The average durations of pyuria of 26 and 23 patients under and over the age of 70 were 4.12+/-2.69 and 6.61+/-4.51 weeks, respectively (p= 0.03). The average duration of pyuria of 12 patients with no preoperative pyuria and 37 with preoperative pyuria were 4.97+/-3.12 and 6.25+/-5.55 weeks, respectively (p=0.04). Separating patients according to the resected volume of prostate, the average duration of pyuria of 16 and 33 patients with resected prostate volumes greater than and less than 7g were 3.56+/-2.16 and 6.12+/-4.20 weeks, respectively (p=0.03). The age and average duration of pyuria showed a positive correlation (p=0.031). CONCLISIONS: Significant differences were observed in the duration of pyuria according to age, preoperative pyuria and resected volume of prostate.
Bacteriuria ; Humans ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Pyuria* ; Risk Factors ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urinalysis

PURPOSE: The expression of Nitric oxide Synthase (NOS) and aquaporin (AQP) water channels in rat bladder is recently reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS), aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) in cyclophosphamide (CYP) induced rat bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into cystitis group (n=20) and control group (n=12). In cystitis group, 100mg/kg CYP was injected every second day for 1 week whereas in control group, normal saline was injected. After extracting of the bladder and dividing dome, body and trigone of the bladder, independently H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining for iNOS and AQP-3 were performed. Expressions of iNOS and AQP-3 were analyzed with a confocal laser scanning microscope and an image analyzer. RESULTS: The expression of iNOS significantly increased in the mucosa, submucosa layer of dome in cystitis group (p<0.05). The expression of AQP-3 significantly increased in the mucosa, submucosa, vessel layer of dome in cystitis group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that inflammatory change activates NOS and AQP-3 expression in the bladder tissue of rats. These may imply that NOS and AQP-3 have a pathophyiological role in the cyclophophamide induced interstitial cystitis. Further study on the NOS and AQP-3 in bladder is needed for clinical application.
Animals ; Aquaporins ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cystitis ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Mucous Membrane ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Bladder

PUROPOSE: The efficacy of finasteride in the treatment of hematuria associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is well known. Recent studies have also shown that finasteride reduce angiogenesis and prostatic bleeding associated with BPH. We evaluated that pretreatment with finasteride could decrease perioperative bleeding associated with transurethral resectrion of prostate (TURP) in this way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 56 patients who underwent TURP due to BPH between January 2004 and August 2006 were evaluated. Of the patients, 30 recieved pretreatment with finasteride 5mg daily (group 1) while 26 did not undergo any pretreatment (control group). In the group 1, 17 had pretreatment period of 3months or more (group 2). In all patients we evaluated the degree of perioperative bleeding, intended as a reduction tendency in hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) value in the 24 h following TURP. Also, we evaluated the correlation of the preoperative factor and postoperative change of Hb and Hct. RESULTS: Difference of reduction tendency in Hb and Hct between group 1 and control group was not significant (p=0.86, 0.95, respectively). Difference between group 2 and control was not significant (p=0.56, 0.29, respectively). The change of Hb and Hct correlated with prostate volume, significantly (p=0.006, 0.010). Also, operation time was correlated with the change of Hb and Hct (p=0.006, 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant difference of the perioperative bleeding according to finasteride medication or medication duration.
Finasteride ; Hematocrit ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate*

An 82-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a palpable mass in her right lower abdomen. The mass was enlarged and tender for the previous 3 months. Abdomen-pelvic computed tomographic scan demonstrated severe right hydroureteronephrosis and about an 8x8x9cm sized huge irregular shaped pelvic mass. Retrograde pyelography showed complete obstruction of the right middle ureter. En bloc resection of the mass and segmental resection of the ureter was performed. Pathologically, it was diagnosed primary leiomyosarcoma of the ureter. At 3 month postoperatively, there has been no recurrence or metastasis.
Abdomen ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Ureter* ; Urography

PURPOSE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent stimulator of angiogenesis and microvessel density (MVD), which is an important indicator of neoangiogenesis, were independently evaluated to elucidate the mechanism of decreased bleeding observed in patients treated with finasteride, an inhibitor of 5alpha-reductase (5AR). We evaluated MVD and the expression of VEGF and 5AR type II in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treated with finasteride. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 61 patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) for BPH. Among these patients, 29 had well-preserved paraffin blocks, 13 of whom were given finasteride for a minimum of 3 weeks before surgery; the remaining 16 patients served as controls. MVD was calculated by counting the number of positively stained blood vessels on 5 random, high-power fields within the prostatic section. Expressions of VEGF and 5AR type II were analyzed with a confocal laser scanning microscope and an image analyzer. RESULTS: Prostatic MVD was significantly lower in the finasteride-treated group (p<0.05). The expression of VEGF and 5AR type II at the level of the prostatic glandular epithelium and stroma was not significantly different between the 2 groups. VEGF and 5AR type II were more strongly expressed in the epithelium of both groups than in stromal smooth cells (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Finasteride treatment had no clear effect on the expression of VEGF or 5AR type II. It is possible, however, that finasteride improves blood loss after TURP and BPH-induced hematuria by reducing MVD. Further study on the mechanism of MVD reduction is needed.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase ; Blood Vessels ; Epithelium ; Finasteride ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Microvessels ; Paraffin ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A