OBJECTS AND METHODS: In order to evaluate the relationships between drinking habits and biological and psychosocial characteristics, the authors administrated the questionnaires about drinking patterns and acute physiological and psychological responses after drinking, several psychological scales and ethanol patch test to 94 male medical students in Chosun University. RESULTS: 1) Low consumer group had significantly more severe physiological repondents after drinking in family members than high consumer group(p<.005). 2) Low consumer had significantly more severe acute physiological responses(p<.005) and high consumer group revealed more positive psychological responses after drinking(p<.005). But there was no difference in the degree of negative psychological responses between tow groups. 3) High consumer group had significantly more extroversion tedency(p<.01) and recieved more financial support from family than low consumer group(p<.01). 4) In the results of ethanol patch test. low consumer group showed more positive skin reaction in three test occasions than high consumer grou(p<.005). 5) Also the high consumer group revealed higher scores in factor 1,2,4(alpha=0.005), and 3(alpha=0.01) in comparison of factors of Korean Alcohol Use Inventory. 6) In comparison of drinking habits, low consumer group revealed higher incidence of nearly non-drinkers and sublimatory drinkers. But there were more casulal social drinkers, selcontrolled social drinkers, impusive-binge drinkers, and habitual-excessive drinkers in high consumer group(p<.005). And in drinking patterns, the items of dependence and duration of drinking, daily drinking disposition, preferential beverage, average and maximum drinking amount of each liquor, and magnitude of sips taken were higher in high consumer group. Only one item of interval between sips was longer in low consumer group(p<.005). 7) In comparison of sociodemographic variables, there were more students who were smokers(p<.01), from larger cities and small family(p<.05), and whose parents were well educated(p<.05) but had worse marital realtionship(p<.05) in high consumer group. CONCLUSEION: For better explanation of the etiology and characteristics of alcoholism, we investigated the differences in various aspects between low alcohol consumers and high alcohol consumers in college students. The most evident differences lied in the degree of acute physiological reaction and positive rates of ethanol patch test that strongly suggested the relations with the activty of ALDH. Some differences in psychosocial aspects between two groups were noticed but could not appropriately be explained at this time.
Alcoholism ; Beverages ; Drinking* ; Ethanol ; Extraversion (Psychology) ; Financial Support ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Parents ; Patch Tests ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin ; Students, Medical ; Weights and Measures

It is very important to select the appropriate operative method in cancer surgery. For proximal gastric cancer, a total gastrectomy (TG) has usually had less morbidity and mortality than an extended total gastrectomy (ETG). To compare and evaluate the results of a TG with those of an ETG, the authors analyzed 50 cases treated by a TG and 50 cases treated by an ETG during the last 12 years. The results were as follows: The post operative complication rates were 34% for a TG and 54% for an ETG, the average operation time was 3 hours 53 minutes for a TG and 3 hours 42 minutes for an ETG, the postoperative fasting period was 7.1 days for a TG and 6.5 days for an ETG, and the mean length of hospital stay was 21.4 days for a TG and 22.6 days for an ETG. the ETG had a higher complication rate than the TG, but there was no statistical difference between the operation times, the postoperative fasting periods, and the length of stay in the hospital. from our experience, it is suggested that the ETG is easier, or almost the same, to carry out than the TG procedure. Therefore, we recommend an ETG for proximal gastric cancer to achieve better curative results.
Fasting ; Gastrectomy* ; Length of Stay ; Mortality ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: We investigated the autonomic nervous and complex modulation of heart rate and peripheral blood volume, and linear and nonlinear coupling between heart rate and peripheral blood volume in full-term and preterm infants. METHODS: In twenty healthy preterm infants and twenty full-term infants at postconceptional age of 30-37 and 38-41 weeks each, we recorded electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram simultaneously during sleep in the supine position. To evaluate the autonomic and complex modulation, we performed power spectral analysis and analysis of the univariate nonlinear determinism. To quantify degree of linear and nonlinear couple between heart rates and peripheral blood volume, analyses of cross spectrum and bivariate nonlinear determinism were performed respectively. RESULTS: In the analysis of heart rates, preterm infants had significantly lower normalized high-frequency power (20.3+/-7.7% vs 30.7+/-15.1%, P<0.05), higher low-to high-frequency power ratio (3.0+/-2.1 vs 1.9+/-1.6, P<0.05), and significantly lower univariate prediction error (2.9+/-1.3% vs 4.1+/- 2.8%, P<0.05) when compared to full-term infants. In the analysis of peripheral blood volume, they showed no significant differences. Cross spectrum in all frequency ranges showed no significant difference between them. But preterm infants showed a significantly higher bivariate nonlinear prediction error (4.8+/-3.8% vs 3.1+/-2.2%, P<0.05) and a lower statistical coupling index (16.6+/-10.4 vs 22.9+/-9.2, P<0.05) than full-term infants. CONCLUSION: Compared to full-term infants, the heart rates of preterm infants are less modulated by cardiac parasympathetic activity and less complex. Furthermore, their peripheral blood volume was less nonlinearly coupled to heart rate.
Blood Volume* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Perfusion ; Supine Position

Xanthogranulnmatous pyelonephritis is an unusual chronic renal infection associated with renal calculi, urinary tract infection or obstruction in many cases. It is characterized by orange-yellow nodules of inflamed parenchymal tissue macroscopically and foamy lipid-laden histiocyte microscopically. We report a case of Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a 74 years old male.
Aged ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Male ; Pyelonephritis ; Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous* ; Urinary Tract Infections

Modified two layer vasovasostomy and modified one layer vasovasostomy with stent under micro- scope were performed in 63 patients from April 1987 to December 1991 in Fatima General Hospital. Among 56 patients who could be followed up post-operatively, modified two layer vasovasostomy under microscope was performed in 26 patients and modified one layer vasovasostomy with stent under microscope was performed in 31 patients. Patients whose vesovasostomy had been performed using modified two layer technique had a 80.0% patency rate and they had a 60% prenenancy rate. Patients whose vasovasostomy had been performed using modified one layer with stent technique had a 77.4 % patency rate and they had a 54.8 % pregnancy rate. In conclusion, we found a little difference in pregnancy rate and patency rate between two technique but we experienced that modified one layer technique with stenting was easier, more time-saving and cost-effective than two layer technique.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Pregnancy Rate ; Stents* ; Vasovasostomy*

Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is usually indolent. Although it was reported recently that about 20-30% cases of MALT lymphoma presented with a disseminated disease at diagnosis, it was described as a disease localized at diagnosis and remaining stable for a prolonged period. However, only a few cases of MALT lymphoma involved the lung and gastrointestinal tract all at once. We report a case of a 73-year-old man with disseminated MALT lymphoma. He presented with non-productive cough, initial chest radiograph showed a nodule in the right lower lobe. The diagnosis of stage IV MALT lymphoma was made by CT scan, video-assisted thoracoscopic excisional biopy, gastrofiberscopic biopsy and bone marrow biopsy. The lymphoma involved the lung, stomach and bone marrow at the time of diagnosis. Because he refused chemotherapy, he discharged after Helicobacter pylori eradication without chemotherapy. Regular follow-up examination did not show any evidence of disease progression over 22 months.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Disease Progression ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lung ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Stomach ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Although operative outcome is progressing due to the development of operative techniques and myocardial protection, some patients face an increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to predict the operative morbidity and mortality. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This retrospective study reports the results of risk factor analysis of morbidity and mortality of 137 consecutive patients who were underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Preoperative variables were age, sex, preoperative myocardial infarction, operative priority, left ventricular ejection fraction, obesity and triple vessel disease. Postoperative morbidities were arrhythmia, wound infection, cerebral infarction, prolonged postoperative hospitalization, pneumonia, acute renal failure, prolonged use of ventilator and operative death. RESULT: The mean age of total patients was 56.7 years, from 27 to 74. The overall mortality was 6.6% (9 of 137) with the mortality of 3.9% (5 of 128) for elective operation, and 44.4% (4 of 9) for emergent or urgent cases. The morbidity of patients over 65 years was stastistically higher than that of under 65 years. Sex distribution showed no difference in morbidity, however operative mortality rate was slightly higher in women (5/41, 12.19%) than in men (4/96, 4.17%). Morbidity of emergent or urgent operation was 100%, much higher than that of the elective operation. Mortality of the patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction was under 50% was higher than that of those over 50%. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the risk factors of morbidity after CABG were old age above 65 years and emergent or urgent operation, and that risk factors of mortality were low left venticular ejection fraction under 50% and emergent or urgent operation.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cerebral Infarction ; Coronary Artery Bypass* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Obesity ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Sex Distribution ; Stroke Volume ; Transplants ; Ventilators, Mechanical ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Pancreatitis* ; Parathyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: In the present study, we aimed to determine the risk factors for the development of cystic periventricular leukomalacia (CPVL) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 309 infants weighing less than 1,500 g who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul from April 2007 to December 2012. Thirty-nine infants died within 28 days of birth. Of the remaining 270 infants, 21 with CPVL established by cranial ultrasonography, and 63 without CPVL, who were matched for gestational age, were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses of maternal, perinatal, and neonatal risk factors for CPVL were performed through retrospective assessment of data collected from the medical records. RESULTS: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC > or =stage II: 42.9% vs. 9.5%, P=0.002), culture-proven sepsis (66.7% vs. 34.9%, P=0.021), hypotension with sepsis (33.3% vs. 6.3%, P=0.004), and severe intraventricular hemorrhage (> or =grade III: 61.9% vs. 22.2%, P=0.002) were associated with the development of CPVL on univariate analysis. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, two variables were found to be statistically significant independent risk factors: NEC (> or =stage II: adjusted OR, 5.12; 95% CI, 1.219-21.514; P=0.026) and hypotension with sepsis (adjusted OR, 8.23; 95% CI, 1.194-56.713; P=0.032). CONCLUSION: NEC (> or =stage II) and hypotension with sepsis were associated with an increased risk of developing CPVL in VLBW infants.
Academic Medical Centers ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular* ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parturition ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Seoul ; Sepsis ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Lymph node metastasis is commonly reported in thoracic esophageal cancer, even in the early esophageal cancer which may be localized only in the mucosa or within the submucosal layer. Although lymph node metastasis greatly influence long-term outcome and cure of the disease, endoscopic mucosal resection or photodynamic therapy without lymph node dissection is widely attempted. The investigation of the pattern of lymph node metastasis and results of surgical resection of superficial esophageal cancer is needed. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Pattern of lymph node metastsis and depth of tumor invasion were studied retrospectively from 44 patients with early esophageal cancer who underwent radical resection of the tumor from December, 1995 to August, 2001. RESULT: Lymph node metastasis was found in 10 patients (22.7%) out of total of 44 patients. Lymph node metastasis was found in 0% (0 of 3), 0% (0 of 4), 50% (2 of 4), and 24.24% (8 of 33) of tumors that invaded the intraepitherium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, and submucosa respectively. Anatomically distant lymph node metastases were found more frequently in recurrent laryngeal nerve node(5 cases of 10 patients) and in intraperitoneal node (8 cases of 10). than intrathoracic node (3 cases of 10). There was no operative mortality, however, there were 1 hospital death in patient with lamina propria cancer, 1 late death in patient with submucosal cancer. Three-year survival rates (except hospital death) were 100% in mucosal cancer and 97.0% in submucosal cancer (p>0.05), and 100% in the node negative group and 90.0% in the node positive group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The survival rate of superficial esophageal cancer patient who was recieved operative resection was excellent. But, lymph node metastasis were found in superficial esophageal cancer, even in esophageal cancer limited to the muscularis mucosa. Systemic lymph node dissection which includes recurrent laryngeal nerve nodes and intraperitoneal nodes was recommended for favorable outcome in superficial esophageal cancer.
Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mortality ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Photochemotherapy ; Prognosis* ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate