No abstract available.
Acoustics* ; Ear, Inner ; Hearing* ; Neuroma, Acoustic* ; Semicircular Canals*

STUDY DESIGN: Case report OBJECTIVES: To report a case of Brown-Séquard syndrome after blunt cervical trauma. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Brown-Séquard syndrome is a rare disease characterized by hemisection of the spinal cord, and it shows the best prognosis of the various types of incomplete spinal cord injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A patient with Brown-Séquard syndrome that occurred after a traffic accident was followed up for 2 years and 6 months. RESULTS: We observed normal recovery of motor strength, but sensory impairment and deep tendon hyperreflexia remained. CONCLUSIONS: Brown-Séquard syndrome is known to have a good prognosis, but in this case, the neurological abnormality did not fully recover; therefore, we report this rare case and present a review of the literature.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; Tendons

Cerebral vasospasm is the leading cause of death and disability in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to repture of a cerebral aeurysm. But etiology of the vasospasm is not known despite extensive clinical and experimental investigations. The man objectives of this experiment were to develop a new animal model for vasospasm using the femoral artery in rat and to evaluate the pathologic changes of vessel and the effects of nimodipine(calcium angagonist) on vasospasm by quantitative assessment of radial wall thickness, cross-sectional areas of arterial lumen and vessel wall. Thirty rats were divided into three groups;A skin incision was made on both inguinal areas and both proximal femoral arteries were exposed under the surgical microscope. And then 0.1ml of fresh autologous whole blood was applied directly to the femoral artery and covered with silastic cuff(spasm group). The right femoral artery was covered with silastic cuff without application of the blood(control group). A nimodipine group was produced by injection nimodipine through the intraperitoneal route after application of blood on let femoral artery. The morphological changes were investigated at 2(n=3), 5(n=3), 7(n=3), 10(n=3), and 5 days(n=3) after application of whold blood. The results were as follows; 1) A new animal model for vasospasm using the femoral artery in rat was developed. 2) As compared with control group, the arterial narrowing was present at 2days, was maximal at 7 days, and return to near control level by 20 days. 3) In the spasm group, there were a corrugation of the intima and internal elastic lamina, and thickening and vacuolization in the media on the light microscope. These histological changes suggested that the model of the femoral artery in rat was analogous to experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. 4) There was a significant decrease in cross-sectional areas of the vessel lumen in both spasm(p<0.005) and nimodipine groups(p<0.005). Also the radial wall thickness was significantly increased in the spasm(p< and nimodipine groups(p<0.005), but there was no significant differences in measured cross-sectional areas of the vessel wall among all the groups. 5) The nimodipine group was different from the spasm group for all quantitative assessments, especially in the luminal areas and wall thickness at 7 days(p<0.05). As the results, the femoral artery in rat may serve as a model for investigations of pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention to study vasospasm and nimodipine seemed to be an effective calcium antagonist to treat and prevent vasoapasm.
Animals ; Calcium ; Cause of Death ; Femoral Artery* ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Models, Animal ; Nimodipine* ; Phenobarbital ; Rats* ; Skin ; Spasm ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Vasospasm, Intracranial

The authors describe the case of a 57-year-old female who developed subrachnoid hemorrhage secondary to rupture of posteriorly projecting, high placed aneurysm of the proximal posterior cerebral artry. This aneurysm was treated easily and successfully with the zygomatic temporopolar approach which was modification of the temporopolar approach proposed by Sano by detaching the zygomatic arch to get a wide and flexible operating field.
Aneurysm* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rupture ; Zygoma

BACKGROUND: Lumbar plexus block by posterior approach has been used for thigh and hip surgery and unilateral low back pain and/or low extremity pain control. We measured the needle depth from the skin to the lumbar plexus and its relation with body indices in Korean. METHODS: Forty-eight (male 35, female 13) patients with unilateral low back pain and/or low extremity pain received lumbar plexus block by the posterior approach known as "psoas compartment block". We measured the distance from the skin to the lumbar plexus with the aid of a nerve stimulator and evaluated its relation to body mass indices such as weight, height, abdominal circumference and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2). RESULTS: The distance described above was 7.42 +/- 0.82 cm (range 6.0-9.5 cm) in males and 7.18 +/- 1.24 cm (range 5.3-10.0 cm) in females. Its relation to body weight was greater than with other body indices. The Pearson's coefficient between the distance and body weight was 0.745 in males and 0.842 in females. The predicted distance (cm) was 4.23 + 0.0471 x weight (kg) in males (adjusted R2 = 0.532) and 1.25 + 0.0975 x weight in females (adjusted R2 = 0.682). CONCLUSIONS: Body weight is the most important factor for prediction of the distance from the skin to the lumbar plexus. The distance was about 6-10 cm in korean patients.
Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Extremities ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Lumbosacral Plexus* ; Male ; Needles* ; Sagittal Abdominal Diameter ; Skin ; Thigh

We have experienced 20 cases of the cerebral rete mirabile from 1969 to 1975. All were proved by bilateral carotid angiography, and clinical assessment and angiographical analysis were attempted. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Age distribution was ranged from 5 to 55. The majority of 20 cases were age over 20 as 15 cases who were distributed evenly in each decade and 5 cases were age below 20. 12 cases were male and 8 female. 2. Authors classified the cases as the group of subarachnoid hemorrhage and non-subarachnoid hemorrhage conveniently. All cases of age below 20 comprised in the group of non-subarachnoid hemorrhage while majority of subarachnoid hemorrhage group were age over 20. 3. There were no contributory factors to cerebral rete mirabile with regard to past history and family background. 4. There were considerable differences in the symptoms and signs between the groups of subarachnoid hemorrhage and non-subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clinical manifestations were mainly headache and impairment of consciousness with meningeal sign in the group of subarachnoid hemorrhage. On the other hand, motor disturbance such as hemiparesis or monoparesis was occurred in the majority of non-subarachnoid hemorrhage and the minority showed speech impairment, seizure and choreiform movement. 5. All cases showed the characteristic angiographic findings of cerebral rete mirabile, which are occlusion or stenosis at the supraclinoid portion of internal carotid artery with abnormal fine vascular network around the base of brain and poor or non-visualizing anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries. The interesting picture was rete formation of ophthalmic artery in the orbit of 2 cases. There were no abnormal angiographic findings on the vertebral angiogram except retrograde filling to anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries through collateral channel from the posterior cerebral artery. 6. The prognosis of the cerebral rete mirabile seem to be favorable with regard to mortality. There were no death in our 20 cases during the period of observation.
Age Distribution ; Angiography ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Chorea ; Consciousness ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Hand ; Headache ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Mortality ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Orbit ; Paresis ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Prognosis ; Seizures ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Surgical approaches for aneurysms of the basilar artery trunk are variable and utilized depending on the location of the aneurysms and direction of the fundus of the aneurysms. We operated one patient with low lying basilar bifurcation aneurysms facing toward the brain stem by subtemporal transpetrosal approach with successful clipping of aneurysms. The advantage of this approach to low-lying basilar bifurcation or basilar trunk aneurysms over the pterional, subtemporal(transtentorial), combined supratentorial and infratentorial, transoral, and suboccipital approach are discussed.
Aneurysm* ; Basilar Artery ; Brain Stem ; Deception ; Humans

Since 1967 the STA-MCA anastomosis has been popular procedure in neurosurgical operation. The meurosurgical teams at St. Paul's Hospital, Catholic Medical College, recently operated on 8 patients employing 9 times of this technique. The patients were diagnosed as four patients with complete stroke, one with traumatic middle cerebral stenosis, two with moyamoya disease, and one with huge aneurysm at intracavernous portion of ICA. The results were very encouraging of the 8 patients, 7 had favorably improved clinically, and proved by follow-up cerebral angiographies, CT Scanning, EEG or MEP recordings. The remaining one patient had intracerebral and intracerebellar hematoma, two months later after discharge, thus the result was poor. The authors would like to share with you their experiences employing the STA-MCA anastomosis technique, indications the results and the prognosis.
Aneurysm ; Cerebral Angiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Electroencephalography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Moyamoya Disease ; Prognosis ; Stroke ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

20 patients who were diagnosis neurologic diseases were treated deproteinized extract Actigen for 1-2 weeks. Comparing before and after treatment, clinical state, EEG, MEP, CT Scan and CBF have been improved to postmedicated state. According to above findings, it is indirectly confirmed that Actigen is improve brain motabolism, cerebral blood flow and peripheral blood flow. During medication there are no side effects and complications.
Brain ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Our experienced is based on a series of 5 cases of dystonia who underwent stereotaxic thalamotomy. The immediate good results have been obtained by thalamotomy. We have been able to estimate secondary deterioration on long term results in patients examined 2-5 years postoperatively. Some deterioration is noted patients operated on for athetosis over the age of 20. A pallido-subthalamic lesion is efficient at the beginning of the disease course since it improves motor performance and thereby helps possiblities of intellectual acquirement. Bilateral lesions have done after improved. I.Q. Effects of this treatment specially on spasticity must be discussed among other types of surgery.
Athetosis ; Dystonia* ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity