Primary lymphoma of uterine cervix is rare disease, which usually occurs in postmenopausal periods. The usual symptoms are vaginal bleeding, postcoital bleeding. The most common pathologic feature is a diffuse cell type, B-cell line. Pap smear is not helpful in diagnosis because it is stromal origin. Biopsy confirms the diagnosis. Treatment consists of radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The prognosis of the disease is dependent upon Ann arbor stage and International index score rather than FIGO stage. We experienced one case of primary lymphoma of cervix and report it with a brief review of literature.
B-Lymphocytes ; Biopsy ; Cervix Uteri* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Lymphoma* ; Postmenopause ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Uterine Hemorrhage

PURPOSE: Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) is widely used for the early detection of prostate cancer, with biopsies often being performed when the serum concentration exceeds a defined threshold. The concept of prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) was introduced to enhance the specificity of serum PSA for cancer. We investigated the change in serum PSA and PSAD in patients with clinical prostatitis after antibiotic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 39 patients with chronic prostatitis whose serum PSA and PSAD exceeded 4.0 ng/ml and 0.15 ng/ml/cm3, respectively, were reviewed retrospectively. After they received 4 to 8 weeks of antibiotics, the serum PSA concentration was remeasured. Men with persistently elevated serum PSA concentrations underwent prostate biopsy. RESULTS: The mean pretreatment serum PSA and PSAD was 8.73 ng/ml and 0.24 ng/ml/cm3, respectively. After antibiotic treatment, the mean values decreased significantly, to 4.55 ng/ml and 0.13 ng/ml/cm3, respectively (p<0.05). The mean decrease in serum PSA was 4.19 3.78 ng/ml, a mean relative change 44.3 31.7%. Among 39 men, 22 (56.4%) had their serum PSA and PSAD values return to the normal ranges. Prostate biopsy in 24 patients with persistently elevated serum PSA or PSAD after antibiotic therapy revealed prostate cancer in 4. CONCLUSIONS: Prostatitis is one of the most important factors in serum PSA and PSAD elevation in men without clinically detectable prostate cancer. A decrease in PSA and PSAD after antibiotic treatment can help in avoiding unnecessary prostate biopsies.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Prostatitis* ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare the effect of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin on epithelial healing and penetration into the aqueous humor following corneal epithelial removal. The administered drugs were Zymar(TM) and Gatiflo(R), which differ from each other by the presence of benzalkonium chloride. METHODS: Eighteen eyes of nine New Zealand white rabbits were randomized to receive either Zymar(TM) or Gatiflo(R) following anterior keratectomy with a diameter of 6.0 mm. Eyes were dosed with either antibiotic according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval; specifically, Zymar(TM) and Gatiflo(R) were dosed every two hours for the first two days and then four times daily for the following five days. Starting from postoperative day 0, photos were taken daily to measure the area of the residual epithelial defects. Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed to determine the drug concentration at postoperative days 1, 2, and 7. RESULTS: The mean healing times after Zymar(TM) and Gatiflo(R) treatment were 3.0+/-0.71 and 3.2+/-0.84 days, respectively (P=0.813). No statistically significant differences in the mean healing time and the mean area of the healed corneal wound were noted between the two groups. No difference in anterior chamber concentration was observed between the two groups at postoperative day 7 (P=0.362). CONCLUSIONS: Although the two drugs differ in that on drug has preservatives, no significant differences were found in the epithelial healing effect or anterior chamber concentration after short-term dosing for 1 week in this trial.
Anterior Chamber ; Aqueous Humor ; Benzalkonium Compounds ; Eye ; Fluoroquinolones ; Paracentesis ; Rabbits ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Wound Healing

We experienced a case of malignant mucinous tumor of ovary developed in 17-year-oldnulliparous women and brief review of the case and its literature are presented.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Adolescent* ; Female* ; Humans ; Mucins* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of axial and sagittal-reconstructed CT images in the evaluation of spinal canal encroachment by thoracolumbar burst fractures. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The dimensions of spinal canal encroachment by burst fractures have been described using axial CT images in the thoracolumbar region and sagittal-reconstructed images in the lower cervical region. However, the validity and reliability, depending on the measuring method, have not been fully evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hundred and ninety-nine patients, who had diagnosed as a thoracolumbar burst fracture, were included in this study. Three orthopedic surgeons independently measured the canal encroachment of the burst fragment in the axial CT images and the sagittal-reconstructed images using the ratio of spinal length (method 1) and the ratio of area (method 2). The validity for the evaluation of the deformity and fracture stability was evaluated. In addition, the reliability of each method was assessed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven stable burst fractures and 132 unstable burst fractures were assessed. The mean kyphotic angle of stable and unstable burst fracture were 11.89 +/- 8.49degreesand 15.90 +/- 9.63degrees(P=0.005). The mean canal encroachment ratios of stable fracture were 17.21 +/- 15.82 % (axial-method 1), 16.71 +/-16.49 % (axial-method 2), 19.54 +/- 17.03 % (sagittal reconstructed-method 1), and 11.75 +/- 12.33 % (sagittal reconstructed-method 2). The mean canal encroachment ratios of unstable fracture were 31.54 +/- 17.10 % (axial-method 1), 29.67 +/- 18.47 % (axial-method 2), 28.53 +/- 18.60 % (sagittal reconstructed-method 1), and 21.20 +/- 15.11 % (sagittal reconstructed-method 2). There was no relationship between the fracture deformity and the canal encroachment ratio in all 4 methods. All ratios in the 4 method showed significant differences in the evaluation of fracture stability. All methods except method 1 in the sagittal-reconstructed images showed significant differences in the assessment of neurologic compromise. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of a canal encroachment area using axial and sagittal-reconstructed images was valid in the description of fracture stability.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Canal

Rhabdomyoma is the most common fetal cardiac tumor, and its development is related to tuberous sclerosis. Fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas often spontaneously regress in utero or after birth, but large tumors can cause hemodynamic obstruction. Sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, has been used as an immunosuppressant after organ transplantation. The mTOR inhibitors are well-known to have anti-tumor activity, and they have been used for the treatment of patients with tuberous sclerosis. In the current case, fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma was completely resolved in utero during oral sirolimus treatment in the mother with tuberous sclerosis. This case shows that oral sirolimus therapy in pregnancy may be a treatment for multiple or large fetal cardiac rhabdomyomas.
Female ; Fetal Therapies ; Heart Neoplasms ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Mothers ; Organ Transplantation ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Rhabdomyoma ; Sirolimus ; Transplants ; Tuberous Sclerosis

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether elevated or low levels of maternal serum alpha- fetoprotein(AFP) measured at 15-20 weeks of gestation predict increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome, including preterm birth(before 36 weeks of gestation), fetal growth retardation(FGR), preeclampsia, placental abruption, FDIU, placenta previa and fetal anomaly. METHOD: Data of pregnancy outcomes in singleton pregnancies with elevated or low maternal serum AFP levels measured at 15-20 weeks of gestation were gathered retrospectively. As a part I study, case-control study including 106 women with maternal serum AFP) 2.0 MOM(Multiples of median) and matched control group of 212 women with 0.5 MOM Abruptio Placentae ; alpha-Fetoproteins* ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mothers ; Placenta Previa ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: Although the conventional prevalence of myotonic dystrophy is 1:8,000, the prevalence in Korean population was recently reported as 1:1,245. With higher domestic result than expected, we aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of pregnancies complicated by congenital myotonic dystrophy in our institution. METHODS: We have reviewed 11 paired cases of neonates diagnosed with congenital myotonic dystrophy and their mothers between July 2004 and May 2014, with clinical features including maternal history of infertility, prenatal ultrasonographic findings, and neonatal outcomes. Cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG) repeat expansion in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase gene of both neonates and their mothers was also examined. RESULTS: None of mother was aware of their myotonic dystrophy traits before pregnancy. History of infertility followed by assisted reproductive technology accounted for 57.1% (4/7). Distinctive prenatal ultrasonographic finding was severe idiopathic polyhydramnios (66.7%, 4/6) with median amniotic fluid index of 43 (range, 37 to 66). In 37.5% (3/8) cases, decreased fetal movement was evident during prenatal ultrasound examination. For neonatal outcomes, more than half (6/11) were complicated with preterm birth and the proportion of 1-minute Apgar score <4 and 5-minute Apgar score <7 was 44.4% (4/9) and 66.7% (6/9), respectively. Most of neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (9/10) because of hypotonia with respiratory problems and there was one infant death. Median number of cytosine-thymine-guanine repeats in mothers and neonates was 400 (range, 166 to 1,000) and 1,300 (range, 700 to 2,000), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that severe idiopathic polyhydramnios with decreased fetal movement in pregnant women, especially with a history of infertility, requires differential diagnosis of congenital myotonic dystrophy.
Amniotic Fluid ; Apgar Score ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fetal Movement ; Humans ; Infant Death ; Infant, Newborn ; Infertility ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Mothers ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Myotonic Dystrophy* ; Myotonin-Protein Kinase ; Polyhydramnios ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnant Women ; Premature Birth ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prevalence ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of women who were diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy at a tertiary academic hospital between 1995 and 2013. Maternal characteristics, gestational age at diagnosis, and type, stage, symptoms and signs of cancer for each patient were retrieved from the medical records. The cancer treatment, pregnancy management and the subsequent perinatal and maternal outcomes for each cancer were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 87 women were diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy (172.6 cases per 100,000 deliveries). The most common cancer was breast cancer (n=20), followed by gastrointestinal (n=17), hematologic (n=13), thyroid (n=11), central nervous system (n=7), cervical (n=7), ovarian (n=5), lung (n=3), and other cancers (n=4). Eighteen (20.7%) patients terminated their pregnancies. In the 69 (79.3%) patients who maintained their pregnancies, one patient miscarried and 34 patients delivered preterm. Of the preterm babies, 24 (70.6%) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit and 3 (8.8%) of those expired. The maternal mortality rate was 31.0%, with highest rate seen with lung cancers (66.7%), followed by gastrointestinal (50.0%), central nervous system (50.0%), hematologic (30.8%), breast (25.0%), ovarian (20.0%) cervical (14.3%), and thyroid cancers (0%). CONCLUSION: The clinical characteristics and outcome of cancer during pregnancy were highly variable depending on the type of cancer. However, timely diagnosis and appropriate management of cancer during pregnancy may improve both maternal and neonatal outcome.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Central Nervous System ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Maternal Mortality ; Medical Records ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neonatal outcome according to the gestational age at delivery and to determine the optimal timing for delivery in uncomplicated monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of women with uncomplicated twin pregnancies delivered at or beyond 35 weeks of gestation from 1995 to 2013. The primary outcome was neonatal composite morbidity, which was defined as when either one or both twins have one or more of the followings: fetal death after 35 weeks gestation, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, mechanical ventilator requirement, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal death. To determine the optimal gestational age for delivery according to chorionicity, we compared the neonatal composite morbidity rate between women who delivered and women who remained undelivered at each gestational week in both monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies. RESULTS: A total of 697 twin pregnancies were included (171 monochorionic and 526 dichorionic twins). The neonatal composite morbidity rate significantly decreased with advancing gestational age at delivery and its nadir was observed at 38 and > or =39 weeks of gestation in monochorionic and dichorionic twins, respectively. However, the composite morbidity rate did not differ between women who delivered and women who remained undelivered > or =36 and > or =37 weeks in monochorionic and dichorionic twins, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the optimal gestational age for delivery was at > or =36 and > or =37 weeks in uncomplicated monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies, respectively.
Chorion* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Retrospective Studies ; Twins* ; Ventilators, Mechanical