PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of femoral lateral bowing on coronal alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and examine whether the use of navigation helps obtain better postoperative coronal alignment and component position. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiological results and outlier rates were compared between the conventional TKA group and the navigation-assisted TKA group, and factors associated with postoperative alignment were evaluated. For clinical assessment, patient-reported outcomes were used. RESULTS: A total of 297 knees were retrospectively reviewed. Among the patients with femoral lateral bowing, a significant difference was observed between the conventional TKA group (n=72) and the navigation-assisted TKA group (n=96) in postoperative mechanical femorotibial angle (mFTA, 1.6° vs. 0.8°; p=0.005) and femoral component alignment angle (89.0° vs 90.0°; p=0.017). Preoperative mFTA (p < 0.001), femoral bowing angle (p < 0.001), and mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (p=0.032) had effects on postoperative mFTA in the conventional TKA group. In the navigation-assisted TKA group, only preoperative mFTA (p < 0.001) had effects on postoperative mFTA. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the individualized determination of the valgus correction angle through preoperative planning, in the cases with severe lateral bowing, the outlier rate was higher in the conventional TKA group than in the navigation-assisted TKA group. However, there was no significant difference in the clinical results between the two groups in the short-term follow-up.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study are to evaluate the clinical effect of open high tibial osteotomy for treating patients with early osteoarthritis with varus deformity and to determine the effect of a bone graft and fracture of the lateral cortex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study reviewed 14 patients (17 cases) who had been diagnosed with osteoarthritis with accompanying varus deformity and who were treated with open high tibial osteotomy from May 2001 to May 2007. Every patient showed less than Kallgren-Lawrence Stage II. Bone grafts were performed in 13 of the 17 cases. Clinical evaluations and radiologic evaluations were performed. We divided the patients into two groups according to a bone graft in the cases with openings of less than 10mm and preservation of the lateral cortex, and we compared them according to the clinical and radiological results, respectively. The average period of follow up was 34 months (range: 12~96 months). RESULTS: The Lysholm score improved from 59.9 preoperatively to 81.5 postoperatively and the HSS score improved from 62.9 to 85.3. The femoro-tibial angle was varus 7.8 degrees at preoperation, valgus 11.6 degrees on the immediate postoperative examination and valgus 10.5 degrees at follow up. The posterior tibial slope was 8.9 degrees at preoperation, 11.8 degrees at postoperation and 12.3 degrees at the last follow up. The Insall-Salvati ratio revealed no significant difference from 0.92 preoperatively to 0.94 postoperatively (p=0.82). There was no significant difference between the groups (p=0.47) on comparison of bone grafting or not for the patients with an opening of less than 10 mm. The group with a preserved lateral cortex showed better clinical results than the other group. However, there were no observed radiological differences (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Open high tibial osteotomy that's performed on patients with early osteoarthritis is a useful treatment option. We can conclude that a bone graft does not significant influence the result for the case with an opening less than 10 mm, and firm fixation is mandatory when the lateral cortex is fractured.
Bone Transplantation ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteotomy ; Transplants

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of patellar facet angle on pre- and postoperative patellofemoral alignment and the progress of arthritis of the patellofemoral joint in posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (PS TKA) without patellar resurfacing. Methods: Patients who had a PS TKA for a varus osteoarthritic knee who were followed up for more than 2 years were included in this study. The radiologic and clinical outcomes were compared between 72 knees (group A) whose patellar facet angle was greater than 126° (> 126°) and 32 knees (group B) whose patellar facet angle was smaller than or equal to 126° (≤ 126°). For the radiologic assessment, the Kellgren-Lawrence grade, mechanical femorotibial angle, Insall-Salvati ratio, patellar tilt angle, patellar displacement and the osteosclerosis of the patellar ridge were evaluated. The range of motion (ROM) and patient-reported outcomes (the Knee Society knee score, the Knee Society function score, the Feller patellar score, and the Kujala patellofemoral score) were used for the clinical assessment. Results: The preoperative patellar tilt angle was 9.8° (standard deviation [SD] 5.5) and 14.6° (SD 4.1) in group A and group B, respectively, a significant difference (p < 0.001). Other preoperative radiologic parameters and preoperative patient-reported outcomes and ROM showed no significant difference between the two groups (all parameters (p> 0.05). At the last-follow-up, 22 knees (30.6%) showed progression of osteosclerosis of the patellar ridge in group A and 13 knees (40.6%) showed progression of osteosclerosis in group B (p = 0.371). The postoperative radiologic and clinical outcomes showed no significant difference between the two groups (all parameters,p > 0.05). Conclusions Although a narrow patellar facet angle was related to an increase of lateral tilting of the patella, it showed no impact on the preoperative clinical assessment. The radiologic and clinical outcomes evaluated after the PS TKA showed no statistical difference according to the patellar shape. Although the patellar shape evaluated by the patellar facet angle can partially affect the preoperative patellofemoral alignment, this study result indicated insignificant clinical relevance of the patellar shape in the PS TKA.

'Duplication of the middle cerebral artery' is a rere vascular anomaly of the brain. The authors experienced a case of duplication of the middle cerebral artery in a patient with a posterior communicating artery aneurysm. It was demonstrated by angiography and confirmed at surgery. The neck of aneurysm was successfully clipped. Postoperative course was uneventful.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Brain ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Neck

PURPOSE: We analyzed and compared the clinical and radiologic results between minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis and internal fixation using intramedullary (IM) nail in the treatment of distal tibia fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2005 to June 2013, 65 cases of distal tibia fractures treated with either plate fixation or IM nail fixation were analyzed retrospectively by clinical and radiologic evaluations. The clinical results were compared using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Olerud-Molander ankle score (OMAS), and visual analogue scale (VAS) score at the last follow-up. The radiologic results were compared by time to bone union, complications such as nonunion, delayed union, and malunion. RESULTS: The clinical results (according to OMAS, AOFAS score, and VAS score) were 77.47, 84.76, and 1.75, respectively, in the plating group, and 90.21, 91.00, and 1.25, respectively, in the nailing group, and there was no statistically significant difference. Plating group showed earlier union than the nailing group and the nailing group showed higher frequency of non-union and delayed union than plating group. CONCLUSION: In treatment of distal tibia fractures, two methods showed appropriate results. Therefore, thorough investigation of the types of fracture, state of soft tissues, and advantages and disadvantages of the two methods should be conducted in the treatment of distal tibia fractures.
Ankle ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia*

Osteoarticular tuberculosis is a rare condition and it makes up 1-3% of all cases of tuberculosis. It usually occurs at the vertebra and it is common knowledge that tuberculous osteomyelitis is very rare at the foot. The clinical symptoms are nonspecific, and it can also mimic a wide range of pathologies, so it takes a lot of time to diagnosis and treat this illness. When osteoarticular tuberculosis is diagnosed, it should be gone through side to side with thorough debridement and chemotherapy. The author has experience 2 case of tuberculous osteomyelitis, so I report here on the diagnosis and treatment of this illness.
Debridement ; Foot ; Hydrazines ; Osteomyelitis ; Spine ; Tarsal Bones ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular

Purpose: To determine how the location, displacement, intra-articular involvement, comminution of a 5th metatarsal base fracture affect results of early weight-bearing treatment. Materials and Methods: From January 2013 to July 2017, 34 cases of 34 patients diagnosed with a fracture of the zone I and II 5th metatarsal base were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 13 months (6–15 months). One patient was excluded as a refracture during the follow-up period, and 33 patients underwent conservative treatment. Anteroposterior, lateral, and simple oblique radiography and computed tomography of the foot were performed to evaluate the location and displacement of the fracture, the degree of joint involvement, and comminution. In all 33 patients, a short leg cast or boot brace was selected immediately after the injury, tolerable weight bearing was allowed. If the pain disappeared, full weight bearing was performed after wearing a plain shoe or postoperative shoe. As a clinical result, the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was evaluated at the final follow-up. During outpatient follow-up, a simple radiograph of the foot was taken to confirm the time of radiological bone union and return to work. Results: Nine males and 24 females, with an average age of 48.7 years, were enrolled in the study. Twenty-four patients had zone I fractures, and nine patients had zone II fractures. Twenty-two out of 33 patients had a fracture displacement of 2 mm or more. Nine and five patients had joint involvement and comminution, respectively. There was a statistically significant return to work from zone I to zone II. The AOFAS score was excellent at the final follow-up and there was no significant difference. When classifying and comparing the degree of fracture displacement, joint involvement, and comminution, there were no significant differences in the radiological union time and return to work. In all cases, satisfactory results were obtained at the final follow-up. Conclusion Satisfactory clinical results can be obtained by allowing early weight-bearing regardless of the fracture location, displacement, joint involvement, or comminution in zone I and II 5th metatarsal base fractures.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of high-flexion total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using Vega Knee System (B. Braun, Aesculap) at a long-term follow-up and to analyze the implant survivorship. Methods: We enrolled 165 patients (232 knees) with a minimum 7-year follow-up after TKA (VEGA Knee System). For clinical assessment, range of motion (ROM), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were used. For radiologic assessment, hip-knee-ankle angle, component position, and the existence of radiolucent lines and loosening were used. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The mean follow-up period was 9.8 years. The mean ROM increased from 124.4° to 131.4° at the final follow-up. The WOMAC score decreased from 38.5 to 17.4 at the final follow-up (p < 0.001). All 5 subscales of the KOOS improved at the final follow-up (all subscales, p < 0.001). Revision TKA was performed in 10 cases (4.3%), which included 9 cases of aseptic loosing and 1 case of periprostatic joint infection. Of the 9 aseptic loosening cases (3.9%), 8 cases (3.4%) were loosening of the femoral component and 1 case (0.4%) was loosening of the tibial component. When revision for any reason was considered an endpoint, the 10-year survivorship was 96.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 93.9%–98.5%). On the other hand, when revision for aseptic loosening was considered the endpoint, the 10-year survivorship was 96.6% (95% CI, 94.4%–98.8%). Conclusions The Vega Knee System provided good clinical results in the long-term follow-up period. Although the VEGA Knee System showed acceptable implant survivorship, loosening of the femoral component occurred in about 3.4% of the patients. For more accurate evaluation of the survivorship of high-flexion design TKA with a short posterior flange, it is necessary to conduct more long-term follow-up studies targeting diverse races, especially Asians who frequently perform high-flexion activities.

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the outcomes of an autologous osteochondral graft (Mosaicplasty) for treating chondral defects of the femoral condyle and We assessed the factors affecting the clinical results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study enrolled 18 patients (19 cases) who underwent an autogenous osteochondral graft to treat a osteochondral defect in the femoral condyle from July 2000 to June 2006. The average age was 26.2 years old (age range: 16-48 years old). Among the patients, 17 cases were men. In 14 cases, the osteochondral defects were localized in the medial femoral condyle and only 5 cases showed a defect in the lateral femoral condyle. The average size of the osteochondral defects was 4.2 cm2 (1-13 cm2). The Lysholm knee scoring scale and the Tegner's activity score were applied for clinical evaluation. Further, we carried out simple X-ray for all the cases and we performed MRI in 5 cases for the radiological evaluation. Tthe factors affecting the clinical results were also analyzed and the complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 22 months (range: 6-55 months). Eighten out of 19 cases (94.7%) were able to return to ordinary life. The Lysholm knee scoring scale and the Tegner's activity score indicated much better clinical results for small lesions and for young patients. For the radiological results, all the cases displayed a decrease in the size of radiolucent zones on the follow up X-ray. Among the 5 cases for which an MRI was performed, graft unions were observed in 3 cases, but 2 cases displayed continuous peri-graft edema. Any other complications involving the donor and recipient site were not observed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that autogenous osteochondral grafting is useful for specific patients depending on the size of the lesion and the patient's age. It is a valuable treatment option for osteochondral defects in the knee joint.
Edema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Male ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Minimal rotation of the scapula may affect the measurement of critical shoulder angle (CSA). We investigated the difference in the CSA measured in minimal rotation between the patients with rotator cuff tear and those without non-rotator cuff tear and the CSA measurement error by comparing with computed tomography (CT). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tear and whose X-ray views correspond to Suter-Henninger classification type A1 and C1. The CSA values between the normal control group (without rotator cuff tear) and the rotator cuff tear group were compared according to A1 type and C1 type. In the rotator cuff tear group, we compared the CSA values measured by using X-ray and CT. RESULTS: A total of 238 patients (rotator cuff tear group, 139 patients; normal cuff group, 99 patients) were included in this study. The mean CSA of the rotator cuff tear group was 33.4° ± 3.5°, and that of the normal cuff group was 32.6° ± 3.9° (p = 0.085). On comparison of the CSA according to the Suter-Henninger classification type, the CSA values on the A1 type view and C1 type view were 32.7° ± 3.5° and 33.7° ± 3.5°, respectively, in the rotator cuff tear group and 30.5° ± 3.1° and 33.1 ± 3.9°, respectively, in the normal cuff group (p = 0.024 and p = 0.216, respectively). The mean CSA was 32.5° ± 3.1° in CT and 33.3° ± 3.2° in X-ray (p = 0.184). On comparison of the CSA according to the Suter-Henninger classification type, the CSA values on the A1 type view and C1 type view were 32.6° ± 3.6° and 32.5° ± 2.4°, respectively, in CT and 32.5° ± 3.5° and 34.2° ± 2.6°, respectively, in X-ray (p = 0.905 and p = 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The X-ray view corresponding to Suter-Henninger classification type A1 or CT-reconstructed image can be used to reduce the measurement error and obtain reliable CSA values. The CSA measured on the X-ray view corresponding to Suter-Henninger classification type A1 may be related with rotator cuff tear.
Classification ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff ; Scapula ; Shoulder ; Tears