The ten cases of metallic failure after I-M nailing & plate fixation who were treated at depart tment of orthopaedic surgery, Soon Chun Hyang University during nine years from June, 1974 to May, 1983 were clinically analysed. The survey as summerized as follows: l. Of the ten cases, six cases were seen the breakage of plate, two cases were the loosening of screw, one case was the brakage of nail & one case was the angulation of nail. Of the six cases of plates, two cases were DCP, three cases were ordinary plate & one case was Thornton plate. 2. Of the six cases who metallic failure occurred as plate failure, five cases were the femur fractures, one case was the tibia fracture. All case who metallic failure occurred as nail failure were ferumr fractures. Of the two cases of screw loosening, one case was the fermur fracture. One case was the tibia fracture. 3. The average interval between operation and metallic failure. 1) The plate breakage was 6.3 months. 2) The screw loosening was 7 months. 3) The nail breakage was 6 months. 4) The nail angulation was 8 months. 4. The causes of failure after internal fixation. 1) The causes of plate breakage.
Femur ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Internal Fixators ; Overweight ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

BACKGROUND: The pediatric CPR is rather uncommon practice than adult CPR in emergency room. Therefore, few interest and studies were focused in pediatric CPR. The object of this study is to make an analysis about pediatric CPR performed within hospital setting. METHOD: From January 1. 1990 to December 31. 1996, a total of 59 patients, less than 15-year-old, who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation were subject of this study. The study was done retrospective chart analysis for sex, age, weight, the place of cardiac arrest, initial EKG rhythms, endotracheal tube size, the causes of arrest, CPR time, ROSC, the amount and types of CPR drugs used during resuscitation. Wilcoxon rank sum test and chi2 test were used to compare the dose of drugs during CPR in each group. RESULTS: There were no statistical difference between ROSC and non-ROSC group in place of arrest, initial EKG rhythms, CPR time, dosage of CPR drugs. CONCLUSION: The uniform reporting guideline of pediatric advanced life support should be used for future pediatric CPR study, such as Utstein style guideline in pediatric CPR.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Electrocardiography ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Resuscitation ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: Activated charcoal has been widely used as an adsorbent for the management of drug intoxicated patients in the emergency department(ED). Although there are several commercial ready-mixed charcoal suspension preparations in the market, we are using custom-made suspension from hospital grade bulk charcoal powder. We designed this study to compare the adsorptive capacity of the Actidose Aqua(R), which is a commercial charcoal product, Fuller's earth, and custom-made activated charcoal used in our ED. METHODS: First, we performed modified USP methylene blue adsorption test which is a standard adsorption test for activated charcoal. Then, the drug adsorption test for phenobarbital, acetaminophen, salicylate, and aminophylline was done. Graded amount of three adsorptives were added to the stock solutions of each drugs. The adsorption test were performed as follows: The vials containing drugs and adsorptives were shaken for 30 minutes to ensure adsorption equilibrium, then the suspension was filtered through in-line filter. The filtrates were analyzed by ultraviolet spectroscopy to determine the residual drug concentrations. Finally we examined and compared the surface area and the structure of activated charcoal and Fuller's earth using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In methylene blue adsorption test, the adsorption rate was 60.1% in Actidose Aqua(R) and 59.0% in custom-made charcoal, and 70.2% in Fuller's earth. For the phenobarbital, acetaminophen, and sallcylate, the adsorption rate of Actidose Aqua(R) and custom-made charcoal was greater than 90% with the ratio o adsorptives to drugs over 10:1. For aminophylline, two charcoal products showed excellent adsorption in 5:1 ratio. But Fuller's earth showed poor adsorption in all rages. CONCLUSION: Custom-made activated charcoal showed a comparable adsorption capacity to Actidose Aqua(R). Fuller's earth showed a poor performance to be used as a substitute for activated charcoal in acute drug poisoning otherwise paraquat.
Acetaminophen ; Adsorption ; Aminophylline ; Charcoal* ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Paraquat ; Phenobarbital ; Poisoning ; Rage ; Spectrum Analysis

No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Fever* ; Nephritis, Interstitial*

The prognosis of symptomatic bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion is extremely poor. To our knowledge, there are few reports regarding the proper management of this catastrophic event. We present two cases of progressive stroke with acute internal carotid artery occlusion and contralateral chronic carotid occlusion, who were treated by urgent recanalization using stents. In two cases, complete recanalization was achieved and the clinical outcomes were favorable. We suggest that early endovascular treatment using stents may salvage the occluded vessel and may also offer a more successful clinical outcome. Further study will be necessary in order to define the proper management of this catastrophic event.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Carotid Artery Thrombosis ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Cerebral Revascularization ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Stents* ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cholesterol* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Jeollanam-do* ; Triglycerides*

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the hypothesis that preeclampsia is associated with the change of oxidative system balance by measuring the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in preeclampsia. METHOD: Venous blood samples were collected from twenty women with preeclampsia and twenty women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Total lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant activity, antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant concentration were measured using flow injection-chemiluminescent method. RESULTS: 1. Total lipid peroxidation(PCOOH) was higher in preeclampsia(717.22+/-93.08 pmol/ml) than in normal pregnant(486.86+/-43.15 pmol/ml) (P<0.05). 2. Total antioxidant activity was significantly higher in preeclampsia(46.02+/-5.95 % inhibition) than in normal pregnant(38.59+/-7.57 % inhibition) (P<0.05).3. Antioxidant enzyme, catalase activity in RBC was lower in preeclampsia(346.59+/-82.84 unit/gHb) than in normal pregnant(440.62+/-72.8 unit/gHb) (P<0.05).4. Antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol concentration in RBC was slightly lower in preeclampsia(33.21+/-7.82 ng/gHb) than in normal pregnant(36.06+/-6.86 ng/gH), but there was no statistically significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This data seems to show that preeclampsia is associated with an imbalance between the lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system.
alpha-Tocopherol ; Catalase ; Female ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Pre-Eclampsia* ; Pregnancy

Epidermal cysts slowly growing, intradermal or subcutaneous tumors that usually cease growing after having reached 1 to 5 cm in diameter. We report a case of giant epidermal cyst on the scapular region with the appearance of well delineated huge mass measured 19×17×14cm in size. Its clinical and surgical management are illustrated.
Epidermal Cyst

Malaria is the world's most important parasitic infec tion. Although it has been eradicated from temperate zones including Korea , increasing numbers of travellers visit tropical malarious countries and imported malaria becomes important medical problem in the developed countries. In Korea with increasing travellers to malaria endemic area, the incidence of imported malaria shows rising tendency same as the developed countries. It beco mes important to provide general personal protective me asures and chemoprophylaxis to trevellers, when employed in appropriate manner, that can be highly effective in preventing malaria . We recently experienced a case of imported Plasmodium vivax malaria with delayed mani festations due to inadequate chemoprophylaxis. A 53- year-old woman with history of trevel to East Africa 4 months ago and chief complaint of fever was diagnosed as tertian malaria. She had irregularly taken prophylatic antimalarial during travel and had not taken it after return but should have taken it at least 4 weeks after return.
Africa, Eastern ; Chemoprevention* ; Developed Countries ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Malaria ; Malaria, Vivax* ; Plasmodium vivax* ; Plasmodium*

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the effects of metformin in PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET. METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2004, 87 cycles in 32 PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET at the Infertility clinic of Grace Women's Hospital were randomly divided into two groups and enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of PCOS was made by the criteria from 2003 Rotterdam Consensus. Metformin group (19 patients, 45 cycles) received metformin (Daewoong Pharma Co., Korea; 500 mg three times or two times a day from one or two months before and during IVF cycle) and control group (13 patients, 42 cycles) did not receive metformin. All patients received controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) using gonadotropins (Fostimon, IBSA, Switzerland) with GnRH antagonist (Cetrotide, Serono, Germany). When leading follilces reached 18 mm in diameter, recombinant hCG 250 ?g (OVIDREL, Serono, Italy) was injected. Oocytes were retrieved transvaginally 35 hours later. The luteal phase was supported everyday by progesterone 50 mg IM (Progest, Samil, Korea) with micronized progesterone 200 mg vaginal insertion (Utrogestan, Besins, France). RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the patients age (34.1+/-3.0 vs 33.5+/-2.9 years), the duration of infertility (4.3+/-1.3 vs 4.5.+/-1.3 years) and BMI (23.5+/-2.4 vs 24.01+/-2.7 kg/m2) among two groups (p> or =0.05 for each). There was also no statistical difference in the indications of IVF among two groups; ovulation factor (27 cycles vs 23 cycles), tubal factor (7 vs 8), male factor (8 vs 7) and other factor (3 vs 4) (p> or =0.05). The duration of ovulation induction in metformin group was significantly shorter when compared with control group (10.1+/-2.3 vs 13.8+/-2.2 days, p<0.05). Total doses of FSH-HP in metformin group were significantly less than that in control group (30.3+/-11.5 vs 39.9+/-11.7 ampules, p<0.05). There was no difference in the number of aspirated oocytes (10.5+/-4.7 vs 9.6+/-3.6), the fertilization rate (65.9+/-17.4% vs 63.2+/-25.9%), implantation rate (30.3+/-11.5% vs 38.1+/-17.3%) and the number of good quality embryo (5.0+/-1.8 vs 4.7+/-2.5, p< or =0.05). Clinical pregnancy rate was higher in metfomin group (33.3% vs. 23.8%), although statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: Although more randomized study is needed, metformin therapy in PCOS patients undergoing IVF has possibility of reducing the duration of COH and the gonadotropin doses.
Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Infertility ; Korea ; Luteal Phase ; Male ; Metformin* ; Oocytes ; Ovulation ; Ovulation Induction ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Pregnancy Rate ; Progesterone