We measured the concentration of serum PSA to define statistical upper limits for PSA in relation to age in 228 men without clinical evidence of prostatic cancer. We defined the cancer-free group as men with a PSA less than or equal to 2.5ng/ml(ELSA-PSA' monoclonal immunoradiometric assay) and nonsuspicious digital rectal examination and those with an abnormality in either parameter underwent transrectal ultrasound and pathologically excluded prostatic cancer from the group by transrectal prostatic biopsy or transurethral resection. A total 252 men between 40 and 79 years of age entered the protocol, of whom 228 men satisfied our cancer-free criteria. There was a significant correlation between natural logarithm transformed PSA(In PSA) and age by linear regression analysis(r=0.32, p=0.02) and age-specific upper limits of PSA=mean+2SD) were 2.62ng/ml in the 40 to 49-year group, 3.45ng/ml in the 50 to 59-year group, 5.09ng/ml in 60 to 69- year group and 7.07ng/ml in the 70 to 79-year group.
Biopsy ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography

A study was carried out to demonstrate that Colonlyte(polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution; PEG-ELS), a colonic lavage solution presently used for gut cleansing in preparation for colonic procedures, can be an effective agent in the preoperative bowel preparation for urologic surgery. Eighteen patients received 1-day preparation with 4,000ml of Colonlyte. Patient tolerance evaluated by a questionnaire showed overall comfortness in 77.8% of the patients. There was no electrolyte changes between pre- and post-preparation. Bowel cleansing was adequate(""good"" to ""excellent"" cleansing) in 89 % of the patients. Gas passage was identified 3 days and 9 hours postoperatively(mean) after termination of general anesthesia. One patient (5.6%) developed postoperative superficial wound infection but there was no serious complications such as intra-abdominal abscess, anastomotic disruption, or sepsis. Colonlyte is a safe, effective, and economic method of preoperative bowel preparation in urologic surgery.
Abdominal Abscess ; Anesthesia, General ; Colon ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sepsis ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Wound Infection

Congenital vaginal atresia is rare and occurs as a result of aplasia of the mullerian ducts This is a source of great embarrassment and distress to patients and their close relatives. These patients are usually treated with chronic dilatation of the shallow vaginal introitus (Frank Technique) or by skin graft vaginoplasty (McIndoe procedure). Neither of these procedures is entirely satisfactory, as both may lead to neovaginal stenosis, inadequate length or poor lubrication. The use of an isolated segment of intestine for vaginoplasty generally circumvents these problems. A 31-year-old unmarried woman had suffered from vaginal narrowing and stenosis after skin graft vaginoplasties. We treated her with vaginoplasty using an isolated ileal segment.
Adult ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Dilatation ; Female ; Humans ; Ileum* ; Intestines ; Lubrication ; Mullerian Ducts ; Single Person ; Skin ; Transplants

The synthesis of histone mRNA is closely coupled with DNA replication. During the S-phase of the cell cycle, the level of histone mRNA increases over fifty fold then rapidly disappears at the start of G2-phase. The presence, therefore, of abundant quantities of histone mRNA provides a molecular marker of cycling cells. The expression of histone mRNA was investigated by in situ hybridization method in N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) induced rat bladder tumor to determine the proliferation patterns. This method resulted in intense brown/black cytoplasmic staining of cells containing histone mRNA and extent and intensity of stain were increased in tumorigenesis (normal, simple hyperplasia, nodular or papillary hyperplasia, and transitional cell carcinoma-Ta,T1). The higher S-phase fraction indicated greater biological malignancy based on the fact that the extent and intensity of stain progressively increased with tumorigenesis.
Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cytoplasm ; DNA Replication ; Histones* ; Hyperplasia ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*

Simple cysts of the testis are rare benign lesions of uncertain etiology. A 3-month-old male infant presented with painful enlargement of the left testicle and was suspected for testicular torsion. On scrotal exploration, the diagnosis of intratesticular simple cyst was made intraoperatively and the patient treated with orchiectomy.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; Testis

A new data management system for urologic patient was designed by composing revised discharge summary and a computer program. The revised .discharge summary consists of more detailed clinical records and maintenance of clinical records during the follow-up period post discharge. The computer program was written in FoxPro Version 2.0 and the urologic code system was developed by applying some modifications on the international classification of diseases. The present program takes major advantages in easy and errorless entry and retrieval of data. These include pull-down menus using simultaneous input and coding system without any needs of typing the required codes for problem, management, and diagnosis. Data search and case statistics can be easily obtained with any combinations of problem, management, and diagnosis. The authors consider the present system, in which the revised discharge summary and computer program were closely linked, is very useful in patient data management.
Clinical Coding ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Urology*

BACKGROUND: Many reports suggest that cervical sympathectomy improves cerebral blood flow. But the basal & medial areas of brain are innervated bilaterally, so unilateral sympathectomy may not improve the outcome of infarction of those areas effectively. Actually it was reported that only bilateral, not unilateral cervical sympathectomy increased the blood flow of thalamus which known to be innervated bilaterally, and also reported that unilateral sympathectomy did not reduce the infarct size of caudate nucleus. So we studied the effect of bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy on focal cerebral infarction. METHODS: Twenty rabbits were divided into two groups. In the sham-operated control group (n=10), focal infarction was achieved by administering an autologous blood clot into the internal carotid artery after exposure of bilateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglia. In the sympathectomy group (n=10), bilateral superior cervical sympathetic ganglia were excised following embolization. Seven hours after embolization, brains were sliced into 2 mm coronal sections, stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and infarct sizes were determined via image analysis. RESULTS: There were no differences in the physiologic variables between two groups. The percentage of infarct size was significantly greater in the control group as compared to the sympathectomy group in both cortex (23+/-8% vs 12+/-5%, respectively; P<0.05) and subcortical area (35+/-8% vs 17+/-8%, respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy may reduce the infarct size of subcortical area as well as of cerebral cortex measured at 7 hours following induction of focal cerebral infarction.
Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Caudate Nucleus ; Cerebral Cortex ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Infarction ; Rabbits* ; Sympathectomy* ; Thalamus

BACKGROUND: Mg++ is an important control factor for transport of K+, Na+, Ca++ and also has been known for having an antiarrhythmic and inotropic action on the heart. Orthotopic liver transplantation is a complex surgical procedure with significant physiologic alterations resulting in electrolyte imbalances. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of prophylactic MgSO4 administration on intraoperative serum magnesium concentration and its related clinical outcomes. METHODS: 19 patients receiving liver transplants were divided into two groups. Both groups received normal saline (300 ml/3 hr) right after anesthetic induction. MgSO4 (35 mg/kg) was mixed with saline in the experimental group but not in the control group. Serum magnesium concentration was measured four times during surgery. We also checked the total transfused units of packed cells and CaCl2 requirement, the severity of postreperfusion syndrome and base deficit. RESULTS: Serum magnesium concentration significantly decreased in the control group at the postanhepatic stage. The experimental group showed less prominent symptoms of postreperfusion syndrome and less need for potassium supply, but both groups did not reveal any differences in the amount of transfusion and CaCl2 requirement. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that our prophylactic administration of MgSO4 (35 mg/kg) may be considered a safe dose showing not only prevention of hypomagnesemia but also a decrease in the potassium requirement and in the severity of postreperfusion syndrome. However, routine administration of MgSO4 might cause disadvantageous effects, so more appropriate indications can be prepared after further clinical research.
Heart ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Magnesium* ; Potassium