Heterotopic ossification(HO) is a frequent complication of total hip arthroplasty(THA), If it is sevre enough, it can convert a successful result of the operation into a poor one. Among several strategies that researches in recent years have tested, radiation therapy have been accepted to have efficacy for prevention of heterotopic ossification by many authors. While postoperative irradiation has been shown to lower the incidence of HO effectively in high risk patients following THA, patients in multiple dose protocols continue to develop some heterotopic ossifiction despite therapy and have some problems. Ninteen patients received single dose exposure to 600 rad delivered within 48 hours of THA with shielding of prosthesis region. The patients were considered high risk group for developing HO because of hypertropic osteoarthritis, post-traumatic osteoarthritis or the presence of previous formed ectopic bone. The average follow up period was 10.2 months(range 6 months
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteogenesis ; Prostheses and Implants

It has long been an accepted policy to employ radiation therapy as initial treatement of choice for most casesof invasive carcinoma of cervix uteri. But, complications following radiotherapy were troublesome problem fot thepatients cured by radiation therapy. The aim of the present study is to present the types and rate of complicationsand to evalute the contributing facors induced the radiation complications. The aim of the present study is topresent the types and rate of complications and to evalute the contributing factors induced the radiationcomplications. 957 cases of invasive carcinoma of cervix uteri receiving radiation therapy were analyzed. Theconclusions are as follows; 1. Bowel complications developed in 96 cases (10.03%). 2. 86% of all bowelcomplications appeared during the first 18 months and most frequently seen after 6 to 12 months(40.03%). 3. Thefrequency of complicaiton was higher in older age and larger irradiation dose, but there is no apparentcorrelation between stage and the occurrence of complications. 4. Portal combination was also a contributingfactor. Highest frequency was noted in AP & PA parallel opposing portals followed by 4 oblique portals and boxtechnique.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Radiotherapy

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Fetal Growth Retardation* ; Platelet Count* ; Pregnancy*

A retrospective analysis of survival data of 52 cases with brain astrocytomas was presented. All patients received post-perative radiotherapy in the period of 1973~1983 at YUMC, Yonsei Cancer Center. There were 24 patients with Grade II, 12 patients with Grade III and 16 patients with Grade IV astrocytomas. Survival rates were analyzed according to histologic grade of malignancy, age, tumor location. radiation dose and extent of surgical tumor resection. 5 year actuarial survival for patients with Grade II astrocytomas was 32.9% ad Grade III was 42.9%. The 1 year and 2 year survival rate of Grade IV astrocytomas were 46.7% and 0%. Histologic grade of tumor was important prognostic factor in brain astrocytomas. Age and extent of surgical resection were significant prognostic factors in all grades of astrocytomas and tumor location and radiation dose were significant in Grade II astrocytomas.
Astrocytoma* ; Brain* ; Glioblastoma ; Humans ; Radiotherapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: To characterize strain-specific differences in radiation response in murine tissues with different radiosensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six-week old male mice of 2 strains, C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeJ, were given whole body gamma-radiation with a single dose of 10 or 25 Gy. At different times after irradiation, mice were killed and tissues with different radiosensitivity, thymus and liver, were collected. Each tissue sample was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and apoptotic cells were scored. Expression of p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax was analysed by western blotting and densitometry. RESULTS: Radiation induced massive apoptosis in thymus with a peak level at 8 h after radiation. With 10 Gy irradiation, apoptotic indices in C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeJ were 81.0 2.5% and 59.4 4.0%, respectively (p<0.05). Radiation upregulated the expression of p53, Bcl-x, and Bax, but not Bcl-2; p53 with a peak level of 2.5 fold (C57Bl/6J) and 1.4 fold (C3H/HeJ) at 4 h, Bax with a peak level of 2.6 fold (C57Bl/6J) and 1.3 fold (C3H/HeJ) at 8 h, and Bcl-x with a peak level of 11.1 fold (C57Bl/6J) and 8.2 fold (C3H/HeJ) at 8 h after radiation. In liver, however, radiation-induced apoptosis was minimal (peak apoptotic index of 2.1% in C57Bl/6J and 1.7% in C3H/HeJ). None of p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Bax was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Induction of apoptosis and regulation of related genes by radiation were tissue specific. Strain difference of radiation-induced apoptosis was well coupled with theinduction of related genes in thymus, a radiosensitive tissue. This study shows that quantitative difference of radiation induced apoptosis by strain is regulated at the gene level with the involvement of multiple genes.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Blotting, Western ; Densitometry ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Liver ; Male ; Mice ; Radiation Tolerance ; Thymus Gland

Radiation plays an important role in the management of breast cancer. The role of radiotherapy in the management of breast cancer can be defined in four categories as follows : (1) primary radiotherapy in breast-conserving treatment(BCT) for early breast cancer including ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS). (2) Adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy for high-risk patients. (3) Radiotherapy with or without surgery after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancers. (4) Palliative radiotherapy for metastatic disease, mostly bone and brain metastases, and locoregional recurrences. Recently, the application of radiotherapy in the management of breast is increasing. The increased use of mammographic screening have dramatically increased the percentage of cases of breast cancer diagnosed at noninvasive or early stages of disease. As BCT has become the standard treatment for woman with DCIS and a preferred treatment method for early invasive cancers, the proportion of patients who need a radiotherapy is increasing. Also, post-mastectomy radiotherapy(PMRT) is re-appraised because some studies proved that PMRT not only decreased local recurrence but also improved survival rate. Many patients live for decades after treatment. Therefore, technical excellence in irradiating the intact breast or chest wall is very important to reduce long-term complications as well as to control the disease. Rationale, indications, and technical aspects of primary radiotherapy in breast-conserving therapy for early breast cancer and PMRT for operable breast cancer wareas reviewed.
Brain ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mastectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy* ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Thoracic Wall

No abstract available.
Rhabdomyosarcoma*

No abstract available.
Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal*

Among the erythrocyte membrane defects, hereditary spherocytosis is the most common. The erythrocyte membrane defect results from a deficiency of spectrin, the most important structural protein in red cell. Hereditary spherocytosis often presents with hemolytic anemia, jaundice, moderate splenomegaly. Diagnosis is established by the presence of spherocytes in the peripheral blood, reticulocytosis, an increased osmotic fragility, and a negative Coombs test. In children, splenectomy is usually performed after age 6 years but can be done at a younger age if warranted by the severity of the anemia and the need for frequent transfusions. In the period December 1987 to Agust 1993, 9 patients with hereditrary spherocytosis underwent splenectomy and the following results were obtained. 1. Nine patients were comprised of five males and four females. 2. Five patients(55.6%) had been admitted to our hospital during age 6-10 years. 3. Four of the nine patients had autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expression. The other five patients had no known inheritance. 4. The diagnosis of the spherocytosis was based on the increased osmotic fragility and increased autohemolysis of the erythrocytes, as well as on the appearance of spherocytes in the peripheral blood smear. 5. In all cases splenectomy was performed. Two patients had concomitant gall stones and choledocholithiasis, respectively. One patient with concomitant gall stones underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy and splenectomy. The other patients associated with choledocholithiasis underwent splenectomy, cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and T-tube drainage. 6. Complete hematologic recovery was obtained by the splenectomy in all cases. 7. Postoperative complication was not occurred.
Anemia ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Child ; Cholecystectomy ; Choledocholithiasis ; Coombs Test ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Erythrocyte Membrane ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Gallstones ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Male ; Osmotic Fragility ; Postoperative Complications ; Reticulocytosis ; Spectrin ; Spherocytes ; Splenectomy* ; Splenomegaly ; Wills