No abstract available.

PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement through a plano soft contact lens (SCL) in situ by a noncontact tonometer (NCT) and a rebound tonometer (RBT). METHODS: The IOP of 66 eyes of 33 subjects with no ocular pathology was measured by NCT (tonometer CT-80, TOPCON, Japan) and RBT (iCare rebound tonometry(TM), Tiolat Oy, Finland). IOP measurement was repeated through plano SCL (ACUVUE OASYS(R), Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc., USA) in situ. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t-test. RESULTS: Mean IOP measured by NCT was 13.10 +/- 2.52 mmHg without SCL and 12.95 +/- 2.56 mmHg with SCL. Mean IOP measured by RBT was 14.13 +/- 2.94 mmHg without SCL and 13.84 +/- 2.75 mmHg with SCL. No significant statistical differences were found between IOP measured with and without SCL (p=0.47, p=0.11 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Reliable measurement of IOP by NCT and RBT can be achieved through plano SCL.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Eye ; Intraocular Pressure ; Vision, Ocular

PURPOSE: This study was to present the functional brain mapping of both functional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) in a case of schizencephaly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 28-year-old man, who had left hemiplegia and schizencephaly in right cerebral hemisphere, was examed with both functional MRI and TMS. Motor function of left hand was decreased whereas right hand was within normal limit. For functional MRI, gradient-echo echo planar imaging(TR/TE/alpha=1.2 sec/90 msec/90) was employed. The paradigm of motor task consisted of repetitive self-pased hand flexion-extension exercises with 1-2 Hz periods. An image set of 10 slices was repetitively acquired with 15 seconds alternating periods of task performance and rest and total 6 cycles( three ON periods and three OFF periods) were performed. In brain mapping, TMS was performed with the round magnetic stimulator(mean diameter; 90mm). The magnetic stimulation was done with 80% of maximal output. The latency and amplitude of motor evoked potential(MEP)s were obtained from both abductor pollicis brevis(APB) muscles. RESULTS: Functional MRI revealed activation of the left primary motor cortex with flexion-extension exercises of healthy right hand. On the other hand, the left primary motor cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, and left premotor areas were activated with flexion-extension exercises of left hand. In TMS, magnetic evoked potentials were induced in no areas of right cerebral hemisphere, but in 5 areas of left cerebral hemisphere from both abductor pollicis brevis. Latency, amplitude, and contour of response of the magnetic evoked potentials in both hands were similar. CONCLUSION: Functional MRI and TMS in a patient with schizencephaly were successfully used to localize cortical motor function. Ipsilateral motor pathway is thought to be secondary to reinforcement of the corticospinal tract of the ipsilateral motor cortex.
Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebrum ; Evoked Potentials ; Exercise ; Hand ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malformations of Cortical Development* ; Motor Cortex ; Muscles ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Pyramidal Tracts ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation*

When doctors evaluate the complaints of dizziness, they often perform a series of clinical tests to look for the evidence of a vestibular dysfunction. A useful procedure is to ask the patient to take deep breaths and observe the gaze behind Frenzel goggles. If hyperventilation-induced nystagmus(HIN) is detected, it is the evidence for an underlying vestibular imbalance. The authors evaluated nystagmus with electronystagmography after hyperventilation for 50 seconds. Brain imaging was performed to search the responsible lesion for dizziness. Brain MRI revealed a brain tumor suggesting vestibular schwannoma in the left cerebellopontine angle. After hyperventilation, dizziness and the right beating horizontal nystagmus with Alexander law could be detected. By precisely measuring the HIN, we determined that inputs arising from the horizontal semicircular canal were mainly responsible. The contralaterality of the direction of the horizontal component of the nystagmus was detected. We suggest that clinicians should routinely check the nystagmus after hyperventilation, when they evaluate patients complaining of dizziness.
Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Dizziness ; Electronystagmography ; Eye Protective Devices ; Humans ; Hyperventilation* ; Jurisprudence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Neuroma, Acoustic* ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; Semicircular Canals

Methods: We reviewed consecutive patients with Lenke 1 AIS who underwent STF from 2000 to 2017. The patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical strategy used: low-density (LD) construct without DVR of the LIV (LD group) versus HD construct with DVR of the LIV (HD group). We collected data on the patient’s demographic characteristics, skeletal maturity, operative data, and measured radiological parameters in the preoperative and final follow-up radiographs. The occurrence of adding-on (AO) and coronal decompensation was also determined. Results: In this study, 72 patients (five males and 67 females) with a mean age of 14.1±2.3 years were included. No significant differences in the demographics, skeletal maturity, and Lenke type distribution were observed between the two groups; however, the follow-up duration was significantly longer in the LD group (64.3±25.7 months vs. 40.7±22.2 months, p <0.001). The HD group had significantly shorter fusion segments (7.1±1.3 vs. 8.5±1.2, p <0.001) and a more proximal LIV level (12.1±0.9 vs. 12.7±1.0, p =0.009). In the radiological measurements, the improvement of LIV+1 rotation (Nash–Moe scale) was significantly larger in the HD group (0.53±0.51 vs. 0.21±0.41, p =0.008). AO and decompensation occurred in 7 (9.7%) and 4 (5.6%) patients in the HD and LD groups, respectively, without any significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions In this study, the HD group had a significantly shorter fusion level and a more proximal LIV than the LD group; however, the two groups had similar curve correction and adverse radiological outcome rates.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura or Anaphylactiod purpura is rare syndrome in adults characterized by a symmetrical, non traumatic, nonthrombocytopenic, painless purpuric rash, arthritis, nephritis, gastrointestinal manifestation. G-I tract involvement is characterized by abdominal pain, G-I bleeding. Although the small bowel is more frequently involved, cases of esophageal, gastroduodenal and colorectal localization have been rarely reported. Recently, we have experienced a case of Henoch-schonlein purpura with renal, skin, extensive gastrointestinal involvement in a 53 year-old male patient who complained of pain, purpura, generalized abdominal pain, dyspnea. The endoscopic findings of duodenum and colon in a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura are presented.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Arthritis ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Duodenum ; Dyspnea ; Exanthema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephritis ; Purpura* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Skin

Henoch-Schonlein purpura or Anaphylactiod purpura is rare syndrome in adults characterized by a symmetrical, non traumatic, nonthrombocytopenic, painless purpuric rash, arthritis, nephritis, gastrointestinal manifestation. G-I tract involvement is characterized by abdominal pain, G-I bleeding. Although the small bowel is more frequently involved, cases of esophageal, gastroduodenal and colorectal localization have been rarely reported. Recently, we have experienced a case of Henoch-schonlein purpura with renal, skin, extensive gastrointestinal involvement in a 53 year-old male patient who complained of pain, purpura, generalized abdominal pain, dyspnea. The endoscopic findings of duodenum and colon in a patient with Henoch-Schonlein purpura are presented.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Arthritis ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Duodenum ; Dyspnea ; Exanthema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephritis ; Purpura* ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Skin

[Objective] It makes a through study on the popularization and usefulness plan of Moxa Combustion, therefore popularizing practical use of that.
[Methods] It was based on the established treatises and books, in order to studying about the literature of Moxa Combustion.
[Results & Conclusions] It makes a through study on the whole of Moxa Combustion, the results as follows.
1. We explained (illustrated) the origin, history, classification and mechanism (effect) of Moxa Combustion.
2. The study of standardization plan of Moxa Combustion for popularization.
The thermal stimulation of Moxa Combustion was decided the characteristic pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning and that makes a measure to grasp the effective action of Moxa Combustion upon human body. Thereupon it is necessary to continue further studies by analyzing the characteristic pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning and there clinical effects in practice.
3. The usefulness of Moxa Combustion.
The therapeutic effect of Moxa Combustion are hematopoiesis (increase the blood), analgesic function, increase the immunity, antioxidant activity, diuretic action, control of hormone (endocrine gland), suppression of carcinogenesis, increase the self involution (natural healing), decrease of GOT/GPT, glucose, cholesterol level.

BACKGROUND: There is still scarce information on the clinical course and prognosis in acute stroke patients with different etiologies. METHODS: We studied 464 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 hours of onset. Patients were assigned to 5 stroke subtypes based on the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) criteria with slight modification: small vessel occlusion (SVO, 30%), large artery atherosclerosis (LAA, 29%), cardioembolism (CE, 23%), stroke of two or more etiologies (STM, 12%), and stroke of undetermined etiology (SUD, 7%). The NIH Stroke Scale was used to assess the neurological status at day 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after admission. The neurological deterioration and improvement at the examination period and the extent of recovery at one month were evaluated in different stroke subtypes. RESULTS: Most of the neurological deterioration occurred within 7 days after stroke, most frequently in LAA (30%), followed by STM (24%) and SVO (17%), and least frequently in CE (13%) and SUD (10%). In contrast, the temporal profile of neurological improvement was not different between subtypes. Patients with good recovery were most common in SVO (64%), whereas those with no recovery were most common in LAA (22%) and STM (28%). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical course was different according to stroke etiologies. Patients with LAA and STM experienced more frequent neurological deterioration and poorer recovery. SVO was associated with milder stroke and better recovery. CE and SUD caused severe neurological deficit, but lead to less frequent neurological deterioration and favorable recovery.
Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colorectal mucinous carcinomas. METHODS: 1, 809 patients who underwent curative resection, between January 1989 and December 1999, for colorectal carcinomas, were enrolled in this study. Of these, 128 patients had more than 50% mucin secreting acini that could be classified as the mucinous type. These mucinous carcinoma patients were compared with 1, 681 non-mucinous carcinoma patients, in order to evaluate differences in their clinicopathological characteristics, recurrence pattern and prognosis. RESULTS: The incidence of mucinous carcinomas was 7.1%. The mean age of the mucinous carcinoma patients was younger than the non-mucinous carcinoma patients (P=0.001). The mucinous carcinomas occurred in the right colon more frequently than non-mucinous carcinoma, and the size of the tumor was larger (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the loco-regional and systemic recurrence rates, but the systemic recurrence pattern of the mucinous carcinomas was different from those of the non-mucinous carcinomas. With a mucinous carcinoma, the most common site for systemic recurrence was the peritoneal metastasis, whereas in a non-mucinous carcinoma, was the liver. There was no significant difference in the 5-year survival rate between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In a mucinous carcinoma, the most common pattern of treatment failure was a peritoneal recurrence. The hepatic recurrence rate of the mucinous carcinomas was less than that of the non-mucinous carcinoma. Therefore, more aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, under the consideration of peritoneal recurrence in mucinous carcinomas, will be required.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous* ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver ; Mucins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Failure