The amniotic membrane has some characteristics. First, it does not express the human leukocyte antigens, and therefore immunologic rejection is not a concern. Second, it can be obtained easily and sufficiently. Third, because it has antimicrobial properties, transplantation of the amniotic membrane has fewer risks of post-operative infection. So it is under research for the amniotic membrane transplantation in cases of sterile corneal ulcer, pterygium excision,severe chemical and thermal corneal burns, ocular surface defects, conjunctival surface reconstruction after removal of large conjunctival lesions. We have experienced a good result of amniotic membrane transplantation for the conjunctival defect resulting from conjunctival necrosis, in enucleated eye having undergone scleral graft for scleral necrosis. Therefore, we report this case with a review of the literature.
Amnion* ; Burns ; Corneal Ulcer ; HLA Antigens ; Necrosis* ; Pterygium ; Transplants

Benign lichenoid keratosis is an asyrnptomatic, isolated, plaque-like lesion frequently mistaken for basal cell carcinoma, Bowens disease, and actinic or seborrheic keratosis because of its variable clinical appearance. We present two cases of benign lichenoid keratosis. The first case was a 44-year-old female who had mild pruritic, ll x15rnrn sized, single, slightly elevated brownish plaque with fine scaling on the right zygornatic area of 5 years' duration. The second case was a 35-year-old female who had mild prutitic, single, pea- sized erythernatous patch on the left ala nasi of one month's duration. On histologic examination, these two cases showed same histologic findings, such as focal parakeratosis, moderate hyperkeratosis, irregular acanthosis and liquefaction degeneration of basal cells in the epidermis and band-like mononuclear infiltration and colloid bodies in the dermis.
Actins ; Adult ; Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Colloids ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Keratosis* ; Keratosis, Seborrheic ; Parakeratosis

PURPOSE: With the development of endovascular interventions, hybrid reconstructions, which include the combination endovascular procedure and open bypass surgery, have been increasingly used for the management of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). The goal of this study is to present our results in the management of PAOD and to define the role of staged hybrid techniques in patients who need revascularization compared to other revascularization procedures, such as open or endovascular techniques. METHODS: We reviewed 104 patients who underwent arterial revascularization between January 2005 and June 2010, retrospectively. The data were divided into three groups by treatment modality: the open bypass group (n=47, 45.2%), the endovascular group (n=46, 44.2%), and the staged hybrid group (n=11, 10.6%), and were classified according to the Trans-Atlantic Society Consensus II (TASC II) A/B/C/D. Patients' characteristics, overall primary and secondary patency rates, and 30-day complications were compared between the three groups. RESULTS: Mean age was 69.6 years and 84.6% were male. There were more TASC II D lesions and multiple lesions in the hybrid group. There were no statistically significant differences in the 36-month mortality rate, primary patency rate, and secondary patency rate among the three groups (P=0.170, 0.838, and 0.767, respectively). CONCLUSION: Staged hybrid revascularization is an acceptable strategy in patients with PAOD, especially TASC II D and multiple lesions for suitable case with comparable patency, even though the number of cases was relatively small.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Chimera ; Consensus ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Male ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Germline mutation of the RET oncogene results in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2A and 2B and familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC). We reviewed the literature to determine the mutation patterns of the RET oncogene in Koreans with MEN-2A, 2B and FMTC. METHODS: We retrieved the relevant literature using the PubMed (http://www.pubmed.org/) and KoreaMed (http://www.koreamed.org/) databases concerning the RET germline mutations in Korea from 1998 to 2010. We evaluated the pedigree of the patients to exclude the same, repeated families. We collected all the data on the types of mutations and the clinical syndromes. RESULTS: There were 21 studies with a total of 25 families. In the patients with MEN-2A and FMTC, there were 14 mutations (56%) in codon 634, 6 mutations (24%) in codon 618, 2 mutations (8%) in codon 631 and one mutation (4%) in codon 768. In the patients with MEN-2B, there were 2 mutations (8%) in codon 918. D631Y is an extremely rare mutation, but two families with such a mutation existed in Korea. The frequency of codon 634 mutations in the patients with MEN-2A was relatively lower than that of the previously reports from western countries and the frequency of codon 618 mutations was relatively higher than that in the western countries. CONCLUSION: This study shows there are hot spots and genotype- phenotype correlations for the RET oncogene mutations in Koreans.
Codon ; Germ-Line Mutation* ; Humans ; Korea ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia ; Oncogenes* ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

It is well known that increasing tendency of emergency surgery of congenital snomalies such as tracheoesophageal fistu1a, esophageal atresia, esophageal hiatal hernia, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,intestinal obstruction, imperforated anus, omphalocele, and meconium ileus by virtue of improvement of pediatric surgical procedure, anesthetic agent, and anesthetic method. The possibility of a low gastric pH and the resultant pulmonary damage if aspirated must be considered in the initial care of the newborn with poor muscle tone or reflex activity as well as in the anesthetic management of neonates. We became interested in the factors determining neonatal gastric pH in this point of view, and have measured gastric pH in 75 unselected neonates, 55 of whom were born vaginally and 20 by cesarean section. In premature infants, pH was high regardless of mode of delivery. In mature infants, pH was 1) significantly lower after vaginal delivery than after cesarean section; 2) tended to be lower after section preceded by labor than after elective section; and 3) was lowest after precipitate delivery. There was no correlation between neonatal gastric pH and duration of rupture of membranes, birth weight, or Apgar score. It was concluded that the mature human fetus produces gastric acidity in response to stresses associated with labor and vaginal delivery.
Anal Canal ; Apgar Score ; Birth Weight ; Cesarean Section ; Emergencies ; Esophageal Atresia ; Female ; Fetus ; Gastric Acid* ; Hernia, Hiatal ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ileus ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Meconium ; Membranes ; Pregnancy ; Reflex ; Rupture ; Virtues

No abstract available.
Erythrocyte Membrane* ; Erythrocytes* ; Hydroxyl Radical* ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Macrophages, Alveolar* ; Mineral Fibers*

Schwannoma, also known as a neurilemmoma, neurinoma, and perineural fibroblastoma, can be either a benign or malignant tumor, arising from the associated nerve sheath. A retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma is a rare tumor. Immunohistochemical staining for S-100, leucine-7 and the myelin basic protein is useful for diagnosis. Here we report a case of retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma with a brief review of the literatures.
Diagnosis ; Myelin Basic Protein ; Neurilemmoma*

The purpose of this study was to compare the sealing abilities of four endodontic temporary restorative materials using a methylene blue dye penetration test under dynamic loading. Standardized access cavities were prepared in forty-four intact human permanent molar teeth, and the cavities were restored with Caviton, MD-Temp, IRM, or ZOE. After thermocycling, an intermittent load of 98 N at 1 Hz was applied for 1,000 cycles to the long axis of the functional cusp of each of the teeth, which were immersed in a 1% methylene blue solution. The teeth were split in half, and the linear depth of dye penetration was evaluated according to the criteria. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.05) and Duncan's multiple range test. The results demonstrated that Caviton and MD-Temp showed significantly lower microleakage than IRM and ZOE. It was concluded that Caviton and MD-Temp exhibited better sealing ability than IRM and ZOE under dynamic loading.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Calcium Sulfate ; Dental Cements ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; Molar ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; Tooth ; Vinyl Compounds ; Zinc Oxide

Glomus tumor is a benign tumor, which is believed to represent hyperplasia or harmatomatous development of the glomus body. It is relatively rare in the head and neck region, especially in the nasal cavity. Up to now, only about twenty cases of glomus tumor in the nasal cavity have been reported. We report a case of glomus tumor originating from the anterior portion of nasal septum, which was treated by local excision.
Glomus Tumor ; Head ; Hyperplasia ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Septum ; Neck

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Embryo Transfer* ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Follicular Fluid* ; Humans* ; Spermatozoa* ; Spouses*