Bacterial infection has been implicated in premature labor in human. But it is impossible to undergo human study of bacteria-induced preterm delivery. If we carry out animal experiment which simulate human preterm delivery induced by bacteria, studies for mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of preterm delivery will be progressed rapidly. To elucidate mechanisms and potential intervention strategies in preterm pregnancy loss, we observed bacteria-induced preterm labor and the protecting effect of administration of antibiotics with hysteroscopy-guided intracervical inoculation of Escherichia coli. Sterile saline solution(group I, n=5) or 2x10(7)cfu (colony-forming units) of E. coli bilaterally in the cervix of pregnant New Zealand White rabbits on day 20 or 21(70% of gestation) by hysteroscopy was inoculated and rabbits were assinged to ampicillin-sulbactam therapy beginning at 0hr(group II, n=4), 2 hr(group III, n=4), 4 hr(group IV, n=2), and 16 hr(group V, n=2) after inoculation with E. coli, or to no antibiotic therapy(group VI, n=3). Unasyn(ampicillin-sulbactam) was used and its daily dosage was 100 mg/kg/day. The occurrence of vaginal bleeding or preterm birth was observed every two hours. If one rabbit fetus was found to be delivered, exploratory laparotomy was done. Amniotic fluid culture on each sac, decidual culture on each uterine cavity, and pathologic examinations on each placenta were done. The results of experiments are as follows. In control group(0.2cc sterile saline inoculation only), there was no preterm labor and no bacterial growth in culture. In all three rabbits in group VI, preterm delivery occurred and the culture results were all positive in maternal blood, decidua, and amniotic sacs. Preterm delivery also occurred in group V, but results of maternal blood culture were all negative. Increased trend in the occurrence of preterm delivery was statistically significant in the order(p < 0.05) : group I(0/5), group II(0/4), group III(0/4), group IV(0/2), group V(2/2), and group VI(3/3). Pregnancy outcomes on the basis of the number of living fetus, dead fetus, and macerated fetus, have significant trend in the above order. Amniotic fluid culture results also had significant relationship(p < 0.05) : group I(0.20), group II(20/26), group III(18/30), group IV(10/11), and group VI(7/7). In group V, amniotic fluid fail to be obtained due to severe oligohydramnios. Decidual culture results also had an increased trend; group I(0/32), group II(21/29), group III(20/30), gorup IV(16/16), gorup V(11/11), and group VI(25/25). It is statistically significant(p < 0.05) Incidence of histologic chorioamnionitis was also significantly increased from group I to VI. These results indicate that E. coli inoculation has induced preterm delivery and antibiotic therapy has somewhat prevented preterm birth, amniotic fluid infection, decidual infection, and histologic chorioamnionits. Antibiotic effects were attenuated in cases of delayed antibiotic administration.
Amniotic Fluid ; Animal Experimentation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Infections ; Cervix Uteri ; Chorioamnionitis ; Decidua ; Diagnosis ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Incidence ; Laparotomy ; Models, Animal ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Oligohydramnios ; Placenta ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Premature Birth ; Prognosis* ; Rabbits ; Uterine Hemorrhage

No abstract available.
Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Animals ; Brain* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Phenytoin* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Fluoroimmunoassay* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques*

The present study was carried out to clarify the anatomical changes of lumbar intervertebral discs by aging. Anterior height, posterior height, anteroposterior diameter of intervertebral discs were measured on 512 normal plain lateral radiographs of lumbosacral spine. And the indices of disc wedging and relative disc height were calculated. There was a cephalocaudal gradient of increase in the indices of disc wedging in all age groups. The indices of relative disc height were constant at all lumbar levels. These suggest that the lower disc is more wedge shaped and the height of discs changes in the constant ratio with that of vertebral body.
Aging* ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Spine

Porencephaly is relatively rare condition defined by an defect or a defect or cavity in the cerebrum owing to a developmental malformation or to a destructive lesion. Fory-five porencephaly patients diagnosed by Brain CT were clinically analyzed and the following results were obtained. 1) By the age group presenting initial symptoms, the peak incidence was from 1 month to below 3 years old. 2) In initial symptoms, seizure, spastic weakness, headache were showed in order of frequency. But 7 cases (15.5%) were asymptomatic. 3) The latency of diagnosis after presenting initial symptoms from the symptom onset time to 10 years. 4) The subsequent symptoms were as follows: spastic weakness, speech disturbance, gait disturbance, mental retardation, sensory loss and seizure showed independently or combined. 5) As etiologic factor, 21 cases (46.7%) were congenital, 16 cases (35.5%) were post-traumatic or post-operative and 8 cases (17.8%) were perinatal. 6) The prognosis was seen various from mild to severe. Out of 45 cases, 29 cases (64.4%) were no complications. But the prognosis in patients with post-traumatic or postoperative etiological factors was poor. With the advent of brain CT and the resultant capability of detecting structural defect and cerebral lesions responsible for epilepsy or focal neurologic signs, porencephaly was seen to be readily recongizable by CT examination. Since porencephaly is a significant contributor to the spectrum of CNS lesion and benign condition, ist recognition is important in determining prognosis and therapy.
Brain ; Cerebrum ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Gait ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Spasticity ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Diagnosis* ; Flow Cytometry* ; Integrin beta3* ; Thrombasthenia*

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a IRIS(innovative replacement of incontinence surgery) procedure for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women during the follow-up of 2 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2003 to March 2004, 48 women with stress urinary incontinence underwent a IRIS procedure under local, spinal or general anesthesia. Post-operative evaluation was carried out after 1 month, 12 months and 24 months. The mean age was 51.1+/-11.0 years and mean follow-up period was 32.1+/-3.8 months. Operation time, success rate and patient's satisfaction, perioperative and postoperative complications were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 24.46+/-1.95 minutes and mean hospital stay was 1.77+/-0.75 days. The success rates were 95.8%(cured 79.2%, improved 16.7%) and 93.8%(cured 75.0%, improved 18.8%), at the 1 and 2-year follow-up, respectively. The satisfaction rates were 91.7% at 1-year follow-up and persisted at 2-year follow-up. There were no serious or long-term complications related to the procedure, and no significant changes in the postoperative outcome over time. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the IRIS procedure is as safe and effective as TVT procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, although longer follow-up is necessary to determine long-term effect.
Anesthesia, General ; Female* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Iris* ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Complications ; Urinary Incontinence*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the tension-free vaginal tape(TVT) procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence over a 6-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively our experience with 63 patients who underwent a TVT procedure for stress urinary incontinence, between March 1999 and March 2000. The preoperative evaluations included a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, urinalysis, urine culture, one hour pad test, urodynamic study including valsalva leak point pressure(VLPP) and maximal urethral closing pressure(MUCP). Long-term evaluations were performed by questionnaires on the durability of surgical outcome and the patients' satisfaction of the procedure. RESULTS: The TVT procedure remained successful in 95.2%(cured 81.0%, improved 14.3%) and 93.7%(cured 77.8%, improved 15.9%) at the 1 and 6-year follow-up, respectively. The satisfaction rates were 93.7% and 92.1%, at the 1 and 6-year follow-up, respectively. There were no serious or long-term complications related to the procedure. CONCLUSION: The TVT procedure seems to be a minimally invasive, safe and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, with long-term durability of continence and minimal complications related to the surgery.
Female* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Suburethral Slings* ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urodynamics

The AIDS is a serious health problem worldwide today and also in Korea. Increasing knowledge and modification of behavior by health education is an important goal of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) prevention strategies. And school health education is an important part of health education. This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge and attitude about AIDS in teachers and professors in Taegu City and to provide the basic data for school health education. A self-administered questionnaire was given to 1,124 teachers and professors from April to June 1992. Indeed, the majority of the teachers and professors have a lot of knowledges about AIDS, but many of them also have misconceptions. The level of knowledge about AIDS was positively associated with attitude toward infected students. The sources of knowledge about AIDS were mainly TV, newspapers and magazines, but a few of the subjects obtained their knowledge from health education programs. This study suggest., that the reinforcement of health education for the teachers, professors and students be needed to provide the accurate knowledge on AIDS and adequate knowledge sources and materials for school health education on AIDS should be developed.
Daegu* ; Education ; Health Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Periodicals ; Periodicals as Topic ; School Health Services

Cockayne syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in postnatal growth failure and progressive neurological dysfunction. Associated clinical features are gait disturbance, progressive pigmentary retinopathy and other ocular anomalies such as cataracts and optic disk atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, dental caries and cutaneous photosensitivity. The disease is clinically heterogeneous with a wide range in the type and severity of symptoms. We experienced a case of Cockayne syndrome in 13 year-old male, who had delayed development, hypophasia, characteristic physical appearance, cutaneous photosensitivity, dental caries. We reported the case with review of literatures.
Adolescent ; Atrophy ; Cataract ; Cockayne Syndrome* ; Dental Caries ; Gait ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Male ; Optic Disk ; Retinitis Pigmentosa