No abstract available.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone*

In the fractures and dislocations of the carpus, prompt and accurate diagnosis is the prime prerequisite for restoring function to this most complicated joint in the body. And then, early precise reduction and continuous maintenance of the reduced position until ligamentous and bone healing is complete provide the best chance of achieving a satisfactory restoration of function. We analysed forty five cases of fractures and dislocations of the carpus which were treated for 5 years from Jan. 1984 to Dec. 1988 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University. The following results were obtained; l. Of the total 45 injuries, scaphoid fractures were seen in 32(71.1%), other carpal bone fractures except scaphoid in 13 patients(28.9%), and carpal bone dislocation and fracture- dislocations in 11 patients(24.4%). 2. Carpal scaphoid fracture 1) 19 of the 32 patients(59.4%) had an associated ipsilateral upper extremity injury. 2) This fracture was common in the young male. 3) A union rate(95.6%) was achieved using a usual conservative treatment for undisplaced racture(14), operative treatment for displaced(18). 4) The mean time to radiological union for all fractures was 11.1 weeks. Old fracture by SotoHall classification took the longest time to union(18.2 weeks), subacute fracture 13 weeks, and acute fracture 9 weeks. 5) 10 cases were treated for nonunion, 5 of 10 nonunions were classified as type (50%). 2 cases showed ultimately nonunion in spite of various sorts of treatment, which belonged to waist fracture. 3. Other carpal bone fractures except scaphoid were seen in 13(15 bones) of 45 injuries, and pisiform(4) and triquetrum(4) fractures were common. 4. Carpal dislocation and fracture-dislocations were seen in 11 of the 45 injuries and dorsal transscaphoid perilunate dislocations(4) were common. These were treated by C.R. and cast immobilization or O.R. and K-wire fixation relatively good results were obtained.
Carpal Bones ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Upper Extremity

The distal tibial physes begins its closure about 18 months prior to complete cessation of the tibial growth, closing first in its midportion, then medially, and finally, laterally. So the patterns of the ankle fracture during this period would be different from those of the adult or the children before this period. During the six year period from 1983 to 1988 at the department of orthopedic surgery, college of medi-cine, Hallym University, we found and analysed 54 adolescent patients with the ankle fracture which developed before the closure of the distal tibial growth plate, which were followed up more than 1 year. The results were as follows 1. During the 6 year period of this study, the adolescent ankle fracture comprise 4.4% (54 cases) of all the ankle fractures(1158 cases). Injury occurred more often in male than in female(44 versus 10). The mean age was 13.7 years. 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accident being in 26 cases(48.1%), the next was slip down accident in 11 cases, and the third was sports activity in 10 cases. 3. The incidence of the adoescent ankle fractures using the Salter-Harris classification revealed 20 (37%) type II, 7 (13%) type III, 5 (9.3%) type IV, and 4 (7.4%) type I and that using the Dias and Tachdjian classification revealed 14 (25.9%) Supination-Inversion, 10 (18.5%) Supination-External rotation, 7 (12.7%) Pronation-Eversion-External rotation, and 1 (1.9%) no adjustable fracture. There were 9 (16.7%) Tillaux and 9 (16.7%) triplane fractures, which were belonged to both classifications 4. The treatments performed were closed reduction and cast immobilization for 28 cases (51.9 %), open reduction and internal fixation for 20 cases (37%), and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for 6 cases. 5. There were complications experienced in 9 cases, which were 3 premature epiphyseal closure, 3 joint surface incongruity, 2 angular deformity, and 1 leg shortening. 6. For the prevention of the complication, the treatment of the adolecsent ankle fracture should be treated like as adult fracture.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Child ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Joints ; Leg ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Sports

The authors analysed 196 cases of convulsive disorder in children who were admitted to the pediatric department of Kyunghee Hospital from June 1993. Blood samples were drawn immediately following seizures on arrival. Serum prolactin values were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mean serum prolactin value was 55.4+/-20.8ng/ml in generalized seizures within 1 hr following seizures, 22.5+/-3.9ng/ml in partial seizures. There was a significant difference between generalized scizures and partial scizures (p<0.05). 2) Mean serum prolactin value was 23.5+/-9.7ng/ml in generalized seizures within 1~3 hrs following seizures, 10.4+/-4.9ng/ml in partial seizures. There was a significant difference between generalized seizures and partial seizures (p<0.05). 3) Mean serum prolactin value was 9.5+/-4.4ng/ml in generalized seizures 3 hrs following seizures, 9.8+/-4.8ng/ml in partial seizures. There was no significant difference between generalized seizures and partial seizures (p>0.05). We found transient hyperprolactinemia following generalized seizures but a little change following gartial seizures. Postictal elevation of serum prolactin may represent a biochemical marker of generalized and partial seizures.
Biomarkers ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Prolactin* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Fluoroimmunoassay* ; Immunoenzyme Techniques*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive approach for optimal strategies of upper limb motor rehabilitation after stroke. Stroke is a common, serious, and disabling global health-care problem. Optimal organization of rehabilitation for stroke patients has been extensively documented. However, between 30% and 66% of individuals with stroke do not obtain satisfactory motor recovery of the affected upper limb with rehabilitative interventions. The recovery of the affected upper extremity depends on intensity, task progression, and repetition to neural plasticity, namely, the ability of central nervous system cells to modify their structure and function in response to external stimuli. Recently, constraint-induced movement therapy, motor imagery, action observation, or mirror therapy has emerged as interesting options as add-on interventions to standard physical therapies. In this review, we will discuss to establish a framework by which several promising interventions for neural plasticity.
Central Nervous System ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Plastics ; Rehabilitation* ; Stroke* ; Upper Extremity*

In spite of vigorous efforts to enhance appropriateness of blood usage in surgery, it is recognized that there are still not a few overuse and misuse of blood products in Korean hospitals. To assure appropriate use of blood, continuous monitoring and controlfling blood orders, particularly for surgical operations, should be implemented. The indicator of 'ratio of crossmatching to transfusion' (C/T ratio) has been focalized on in this regard. The authors investigated C/T ratio for eight hospitals, evenly distributed in their geographical location as well as size. Only elective surgeries operated from March 1 to May 31, 1995 were included for analysis. Standardized survey format was distributed, and retrospective reviews of medical records were performed by volunteer surveyors from each hospital after two sessions of pre- survey education. The results were as follows. Average C/T ratio, for all hospitals and all surgeries, was 1.76. Differences in C/T ratio by sex, months, clinical departments, blood components were not significant. However, the ratio showed increasing tendency with ages. The C/T ratio on the average was not higher, compared with the recommended guideline. However, due to study' s limitations ini standardization of survey method and verification of data, we could not conclude that current status of appropriateness of blood use is satisfactory. In addition, to pervasively use the C/T ratio as a quality indicator for blood use management, supplementary measures, such as standardization of data, should be adopted.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Education ; Medical Records ; Quality Indicators, Health Care* ; Retrospective Studies ; Volunteers

The present study was carried out to clarify the anatomical changes of lumbar intervertebral discs by aging. Anterior height, posterior height, anteroposterior diameter of intervertebral discs were measured on 512 normal plain lateral radiographs of lumbosacral spine. And the indices of disc wedging and relative disc height were calculated. There was a cephalocaudal gradient of increase in the indices of disc wedging in all age groups. The indices of relative disc height were constant at all lumbar levels. These suggest that the lower disc is more wedge shaped and the height of discs changes in the constant ratio with that of vertebral body.
Aging* ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Spine