The ankle is a complex, weight-bearing joint and has an important role in walking. The injuries to the ankle joint complex include not only injuries that cause disruption of the bony architecture of the ankle joint but often significant ligamentous and soft tissue components. The literature on ankle fractures have divergence of opinion on treatment. However, the method used to obtain a good end result of treatment is a matter of differing opinion. One hundred and seventy six patients with one hundred and eighty cases of ankle fractures treated at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine from Jan. 1971 to Dec. 1980 were analized in clinical and radiological aspect. The results obtained from this study were as followings: 1. Among the 176 patients, male was 126 patients and female 50 patients (M:F=2.5:1). The average age was 29. 2. Of the 180 cases, the main cause of fractures was traffic accident, 74 cases (41.1%) and the other causes were falling from a height (16.1%), slipping down (15.0%) and sports injuries (12.8%) in order. 3. The fractures were almost closed fractures (84.4%). 4. According to the classification of Lague-Mansen, the pronation-external rotation type (40.6%) was the commonest type. 5. One hundred and twelve cases (62.2%) were treated by open reduction and 68 cases (37.8%) by closed reduction. 6. The average period of the cast immoblization after the open reduction was 8 weeks but the closed reduction was 10 weeks. 7. According to clinical and radioiogical assessment of the result of the treatment, the open reduction was better than closed reduction. 8. The fibular fracture involving lateral malleolus and the diastasis of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis were very important in ankle stability and were treated by internal fixation for accurate anatomical reduction.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle Joint ; Ankle ; Athletic Injuries ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Joints ; Ligaments ; Male ; Methods ; Walking ; Weight-Bearing

The term “ganglion” was given by Hippocrates to designate a knot of tissue filled with mucin. A ganglion may be defined as a cystic benign tumor filled with a mucoid material usually surrounded by a thin wall and occurring in the region of the capsule and connective tissue of joints and tendon sheaths. The regions of the wrist, ankle, and knee and the volar regions of the fingers and hand are most frequently affected. The authors experienced a case of ganglion which had occurred at anteromedial aspect of right hip joint and had been connected with hip joint by cord like band.
Ankle ; Connective Tissue ; Fingers ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hand ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Joints ; Knee ; Mucins ; Tendons ; Wrist

The patients with accommodative esotropia due to high AC/A(accommodative convergence/accommodation) ratio show prominent esodeviation and can not fuse without bifocals at near. The purpose of this study is to eliminate prominent near esotropia in those patients and let them fuse at near without bifocals. We performed unilateral or bilateral medial recti recti recessions according to the angle of near esotropia in 14 patients. Twelve patients showed orthophcria or small esophoria less than 12 delta. Eleven of these patients obtained solid fusion after surgery except 3-year-old patient who could not understand the stereopsis test. One patient had esophoria of 20 delta after surgery and showed gross stereopsis. The other patient recurred 27 delta of intermittent esotropia. Twelve of 13 patients(92.3%) could fuse without bifocals at near. The recession of medial rectus or recti was effective on the removal of prominent near esotropia and obtaining fusion without bifocals. Furthermore it did not disturb angle of deviation and fusion at distant. We recommend this procedure as a secure and effective treatment for near esotropia caused by high AC/A ratio.
Child, Preschool ; Depth Perception ; Esotropia* ; Humans ; Linear Energy Transfer

No abstract available.
Epilepsies, Myoclonic* ; Neuroblastoma*

Corneal haze and myopic regression are not uncommon complications following photorefractive keratectomy(PRK). To avoid these problems, multipass multizone technique has been introduced. However, it is quite difficult to coincide the center of the each ablation zone during the procedure and needs to take longer operation time. Single-pass multizone software was replaced by Summit technology(USA). The current study evaluates the clinical results of single-pass multizone PRK for high myopia. We performed PRK using single-pass multizone technique on 48 eyes of 44 patients for the treatment of high myopia. Preoperative spherical equivalent refractions ranged from -8.00 diopters((D) to -16.00 D (mean+/-SD, -11.01 +/- 1.84 D). Mean postoperative refraction was +1.12 +/- 1.20 D at one month, -0.42 +/- 1.24 D at six months, and -0.92 +/- 1.09 D at one year. The percentage of patients achieving correction within +/-2.0 D was 79.2% at one month, 85.4% at six months, and 88.2% at one year postoperatively. There was no serious complications after surgery. This study provides evidence that single-pass multizone PRK is a safe, simple and fairly predictable method for high myopic correction. But further studies are needed to confirm the longer-term stability.
Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia*

Corneal haze and myopic regression are not uncommon complications following photorefractive keratectomy(PRK). To avoid these problems, multipass multizone technique has been introduced. However, it is quite difficult to coincide the center of the each ablation zone during the procedure and needs to take longer operation time. Single-pass multizone software was replaced by Summit technology(USA). The current study evaluates the clinical results of single-pass multizone PRK for high myopia. We performed PRK using single-pass multizone technique on 48 eyes of 44 patients for the treatment of high myopia. Preoperative spherical equivalent refractions ranged from -8.00 diopters((D) to -16.00 D (mean+/-SD, -11.01 +/- 1.84 D). Mean postoperative refraction was +1.12 +/- 1.20 D at one month, -0.42 +/- 1.24 D at six months, and -0.92 +/- 1.09 D at one year. The percentage of patients achieving correction within +/-2.0 D was 79.2% at one month, 85.4% at six months, and 88.2% at one year postoperatively. There was no serious complications after surgery. This study provides evidence that single-pass multizone PRK is a safe, simple and fairly predictable method for high myopic correction. But further studies are needed to confirm the longer-term stability.
Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia*

No abstract available.
Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Humans

PURPOSE: We tried to evaluate the usefulness of the cementless Zweymuller stem for treating hip fracture in those patients older than 80 years with severe osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cases were treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty with a cementless Zweymuller stem and they served as group I (the study group), and 30 cases treated with a cemented stem served as group II (the control group). We performed a comparative study between the two groups. RESULTS: The admission period (days) was 24.6+/-10.7 and 32.8+/-16.8 (p=0.047) for the 2 groups, respectively, and the average operation time (minutes) was 75.8+/-17.6 and 89.2+/-28.1 (p=0.024), respectively; the total blood loss (ml) was 457.2 and 548.3 (p=0.035) in group I and II, respectively. The incidence of staying in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the average time to start postoperative ambulation showed no significant differences between the two groups. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 1 case in group I and in 4 cases in group II, and intraoperative fracture of calcar occurred in 2 cases of group I. There was no case of position change of the femoral stem at 1 year postoperatively in both groups. CONCLUSION: The cementless Zweymuller stem, inserted by press fit in the patients who are older than 80 years and who have hip fracture with severe osteoporosis showed clinically better results as compared with the cemented stem.
Case-Control Studies* ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Osteoporosis* ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Walking

BACKGROUND: Korean mistletoe (Viscum album) extract has been found to posses immunostimulatory activity. In this study, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C (non-lectin components), was used to know whether this extract might activate mouse peritoneal macrophages to produce interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta). METHODS: Hemagglutination assay was carried out to examine whether M11C contained a lectin or not . To know the effect of M11C on the production of IL-1 beta, the macrophages were treated by the M11C, and then collected the supernatant (M11C stimulated macrophages-conditioned media; MMCM). MMCM was analyzed for the IL-1 beta quantification and mRNA expression by means of ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: Maximum effective dose and time of M11C on IL-1 beta production from macrophages were 20 micro gram/ml and 8 hours, respectively . This ELISA data was reconfirmed by immunoblotting assay . indicating that M11C is a good candidate for an immunomodulator. The dose and time dependent effect s of M11C on the expression of IL-1 beta mRNA from macrophages was also shown in expression of mRNA detected by RT-PCR. Treatment dose and time for the maximum expression of IL-1 beta mRNA were 20 micro gram/ml and 4 hours, respectively . Maximum gene expression of IL-1 beta was much earlier than maximum production of it. CONCLUSION: As results, Korean mistletoe extract, M11C, may be used for an immunomodulator. This will be able to make up for and solve the problems caused by existent immunoagent with many adverse effects through many other studies in future including one molecule extraction.
Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gene Expression ; Hemagglutination ; Immunoblotting ; Interleukin-1beta ; Macrophages* ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; Mice ; Mistletoe* ; RNA, Messenger