700 mentally handicapped child and children with learning disorders were investigated to find out the causes or clinical diagnosis at department of Pediatrics, Yousei Medical School. The abilities of individual child was evaluated for their further education and training. And following results were obtaine. 1. The clinical diagnosis or the cause was not able to make in 233 cases, 33.3%, out of 700. 2. The rest, 64.7%, represented various clinical diagnosis, the most common casuses were cerebral paly, microcephaly, 42.7%, 19.9% respectively. 3. Other various causes vere as follow. Mentally handicapped children related to epilepsy was 107%, children with chromosomal anomalies 4.7%, with CNS anomalies 2.1%, with vascular diseases 5.4%, endocrine disorder 2.6%, muscle disorder 3%, phagomatosis 2.7%, metabolic disorder 1%, encephalopathy and poisoning related disorder was 1% respectively. The CNS infection was 2.6%, syndromes with funny looking face without chromosomal anomalies 1.6%, Psychiatric disorder 0.7%. Developmental disorder was quite common causes of learning disorder which represented 22.2%. Among 700, children with mutism was 1.6% and blind child was 1.4%. 4. Their abilities was evaluated by Griffiths Developmental Scale and WISK testes for further education and training. 89.6% requires physiotherapy or occupational therapy, 95% required speech therapy. 5. Exact evaluation and assessment for mentally handicapped children should be based on well qualified specialistes of various fields working as a team with mutural understanding and exchanging their knowledges. Organization of assessment unit for mentally handicapped children as well as learning disorders is required for efficient assessment and training of staffes. 6. Participation of clinical psychologist and teachers during the process of assessment would great helpful not only to assessing but also teaching these children. We do know that speech therpist and occupational therapist is lack in number. And organization training project of these therapist should established soon as possible.
Child* ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Learning Disorders ; Learning* ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Microcephaly ; Muscular Diseases ; Mutism ; Occupational Therapy ; Pediatrics ; Poisoning ; Psychology ; Schools, Medical ; Specialization ; Speech Therapy ; Testis ; Vascular Diseases

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Monoclonal* ; Blood Cells*

Cerebral vascular disease is not infrequent disorder in children. Recently, 66 case of cerebral vascular diseases were investigated at Ped. Depart of Yonsei Medical Center. And obtained following result. 1) Age incidence represented 30% was under 1yr. Of age. 40.9% was under 2 years of age. 2) Of 66 cases 1 schemic vascular disease was 54.5% hemorrage vascular disease was 42.4%. 3) Moya disease was 8(12.1%), cases and cases associated with congenital heart disease was 9 cases(13.6%) and A-V malformatin was 8 cases (12.1%). 4) Over all the survival rate was 80.3% from the accident, in ischemic type the survival rate was 91.7% hemorragic type, 64.3%. 5) The occurrence of sequele in ischemic type was 88%, while hemorragic type 67%.
Child* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Diseases*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cell Count* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Rats* ; Thyroid Gland*

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of interpolation functions when processing the digital periapical images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The digital images were obtained by Digora and CDR system on the dry skull and human subject. 3 oral radiologists evaluated the 3 portions of each processed image using 7 interpolation methods and ROC curves were obtained by trapezoidal methods. RESULTS: The heighest Az value(0.96) was obtained with cubic spline method and the lowest Az value(0.03) was obtained with facet model method in Digora system. The heighest Az value(0.79) was obtained with gray segment expansion method and the lowest Az value(0.07) was obtained with facet model method in CDR system. There was significant difference of Az value in original image between Digora and CDR system at alpha=0.05 level. There were significant differences of Az values between Digora and CDR images with cubic spline method, facet model method, linear interpolation method and non-linear interpolation method at alpha= 0.1 level.
Humans ; Radiography, Dental, Digital ; ROC Curve ; Skull ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND: TSH receptor blocking antibody (TRBAb) is a pathogenic factor in the vast majority of patients with primary myxedema. It has been reported that TRBAbs are found in some patients with chronic goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), but the significance or the role of TRBAb in Hashimotos thyroiditis is not clear, We recently reported that hTSHR-CHO cells which express the functional human TSH receptors are more sensitive and are better in detecting functional TSH receptor antibodies in Graves patients than FRTL-5 cells. We are to investigate the biological role of TRBAb in Hashimotos thyroiditis by measuring thyroid stimulation blocking antibody (TSBAb) activities of Hashimoto's IgG's using hTSHR-CHO cells. Moreover, we are to see if there is any difference in epitope recognition between Hashimotos TRBAb and myxedema's TRBAb by measuring TSBAb activities with mutant receptor expressing cell lines, Mcl+2 and Mc 2 in those patients. METHOD: We measured TSBAb activities of IgGs from patients with primary myxedema (PM, n= 10) and those with hypothyroid (n 20) or euthyroid (n 17) Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) using wild type hTSHR-CHO cells (WT) and two chimeric receptor expressing cell lines, Mcl+2 and Mc2. RESULTS: TSBAb activities measured by WT were higher in hypothyroid HT than in euthyroid HT (30.0+-23.2% vs. 6.1+-28.7, p<0.05), and TSBAb-positive rate tend to be higher in the former (20%, 5/20) than in the latter (0%, 0/17, p=0.07). TRBAbs from PM (n=4) had high TBII activities and had persistent blocking activities despite of the replacement of amino acid residue 8~165 of extracellular domain of TSHR with those of rat LH/CGR (Mcl +2). However, TRBAbs from HT (n=4) had no TBII activity at all and lost blocking activities when measured with Mcl+2. CONCLUSION: TRBAbs are found in 20% of hypothyroid patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis in assay using hTSHR-CHO cells, and they seem to play a role in the development of hypothyroidism in some patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis. TRBAbs of Hashimotos thyroiditis are different in epitope recognition from TRBAbs of primary myxedema.
Animals ; Antibodies* ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Immunoglobulin G ; Myxedema ; Rats ; Receptors, Thyrotropin* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroiditis* ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

Rheumatoid vasculitis is a necrotizing arteritis of unknown causes that affect a subset of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis was first recognized in 1898. It was described frequently in the 1940s through 1960s but is now rarely diagnosed. Typical clinical features include constitutional symptoms, mononeuritis multiplex, skin infarction, ulceration, peripheral gangrene and visceral infarction. Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 10 to 38% of cases of rheumatoid vasculitis and may include bowel infarction, ulceration, perforation, colitis, stricture, or bleeding. Ischemia of the intestine is the end result of interruption or reduction of its blood supply. However, the clinical manifestations of intestinal ischemia range from mild chronic symptoms to a catastrophic acute episode, depending on the vascular supply involved, the extent of the occlusion or ischemia, and the rapidity of the process. Physicians caring for patients with rheumatoid arthritis should be aware that intestinal ischemia or infarction may occur without overt clinical evidence of systemic rheumatoid vasculitis. Herein we describe a case of rheumatoid vasculitis manifesting as ischemic colitis which was intractable to medical therapy and led to subtotal colectomy.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Colectomy ; Colitis ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Gangrene ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Infarction ; Intestines ; Ischemia ; Mononeuropathies ; Polyarteritis Nodosa ; Rheumatoid Vasculitis* ; Skin ; Ulcer ; Vasculitis

BACKGROUND: Graves' disease and primary myxedema are thought to be caused by the action of TSH receptor autoantibodies(thyroid stimulating antibody; TSAb & thyroid stimulation blocking antibody; TSBAb). Thus, detection of these antibodies is crucial in diagnosis and in follow up of those patients. Recently, a sensitive method using human TSH receptor transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO) cells has been developed. However, the complexity of IgG purification procedure is considered as a limitation for its clinical application as a routine test. The aim of this study is to determine whether polyethylene glycol(PEG)-precipitated immunogiobuIin fraction could substitute for purified IgG. METHODS: We developed optimal conditions for TSAb and TSBAb assays using crude, PEG precipitated immunoglobulin fraction; and evaluated the correlation of TSAb and TSBAb activities between thase measured using crude immunoglobulin fraction and purified IgG to clarify the usefulness of PEG-precipitated immunoglobulin fraction. TSH receptor expressing wild type CHO cells were used in TSAb and CHO cells expressing chimeric TSH receptor(Mc2; 90-165 amino acid residues were substituted by those of rat LH/CG receptar) were used in TSBAb assay to minimize the possible disturbing effects of TSAb in serum. RESULTS: The optimal serum amount for TSAb and TSBAb assay using PEG-precipitated immunoglobulin fraction were 250mL serum equivalent/well and 50mL serum equivalent/well, respectively. The optimal incubation time for both assays were 2 homs, and aptimal ccrncentration of bTSH for TSBAb assay was 0.1U/L. TSAb activities measured with PEG-precipitated immunoglobulin were significantly correlated with those measured with purified IgG in 26 patients with Graves diseases(r=0.93, p<0.001). Although TSBAb activities measured using PEG-precipitated imrnunoglobulin were conelated with those measured using purified IgG in 20 patients with primary myxedema(r=0.86, p<0.001), the positive rate in TSBAb assay using PEG-precipitated immunoglobulin was lower than that of usmg purified IgG(20% v.s. 65%) because of negative conversion of TSBAb activities in samples with weakly positive TSBAb activities measured using purified IgG. CONCLUSION: PEG-precipitated immunoglobulin fraction could be used instead of purified IgG in TSAb assay using hTSHR-tranasfected wild type CHO cells with equal sensitivity and specificity. This simple and practical TSAb assay using PEG-precipitated immunoglobulin in hTSHR-transfected CHO cells would be useful in clinica1 practiee.
Animals ; Antibodies* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; CHO Cells ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus* ; Diagnosis ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins* ; Myxedema ; Polyethylene Glycols* ; Polyethylene* ; Rats ; Receptors, Thyrotropin* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.
Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*