It is well known that the incidence of hyperactive child is 3 to 10% in childhood population, which is different according to the auther, race, as well as the cultural back ground. As there is no objective tool to estimate the degree of hyperactivity, auther designed a tool to measure the movement of childhood representing by number in given period of time. Measurement of 37 normal children has been done as controll group showing that the mean right hand movement was 475 with standard deviation was + 209 while in left, the mean was 282 with standard deviation was + 187. The wide range of standard deviation was affected by emotional state of subject, place, as well as environmental state of each child. Scores measured in children with hyperactivity such as ADD.H., children with pervasivive developmental disorders and children with epilepsy with hyperactivity were more than double of the normal controll. Author concludes that this movement measurement tool may be useful to assist diagnosis and estimating the condition of hyperactivity.
Child* ; Continental Population Groups ; Diagnosis ; Epilepsy ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence

Clinical investigation of 20 cases of brain abscess has been done at the dept of Pediatric Yonsei Medical Center, who had been treated during the period of 8 years from January 1977 through Jun 1985. Following results has been obtained: 1. Of 20 patients, 14 patient was male and the rest 6 was female rating M:F ratio 2.3:1 and the youngest patient was undler 1 year, the oldest one was 15 years old. 2. The chief complaints at admission were headache, fever, vomiting in order of frequency, while neurologic signs were neck stiffiness, hemiparesis, papilledema etc. 3. The preceeding causative diseases of brain abscess were diseases involving ENT 15%, congenital heart disease 20%, head trauma 35% and the rest 20% the etiology of brain abscess was not determined. The abscess tended to occure at temporoparietal area in the cases associated with otitis media while abscess originating from congenital heart diseases tended to occure multiple area. 4. 10 cases out of 20 had lumbar puncture under the suspision of meningitis, 2 cases manifested normal CSF finding. Patients who has focal neurologic finding associated with OMPC or congenital heart disease should suspect for brain abscess, which can be easily conform by brain C-T scan as well as patient who manifested unusual clinical course. 5. Factor relating prognosis were mental state and duriation between onset of clinical symptom and time starting treatment; clear mental state and short duration reflect better prognosis. 6. The motality rate was 33%, and the neurologic sequelas were hemiparesis (36.4%), mental deficit (18.2), dysarthria, epilepsy, hydrocephalus and blindness.
Abscess ; Adolescent ; Blindness ; Brain Abscess* ; Brain* ; Child* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dysarthria ; Epilepsy ; Female ; Fever ; Headache ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Male ; Meningitis ; Neck ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Otitis Media ; Papilledema ; Paresis ; Prognosis ; Spinal Puncture ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The epidermoid cyst is a common benign disease of the skin caused by inflammation of hair cortex follicles and proliferation of epidermal cells within the dermis or superficial subcutaneous tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of epidermoid cysts of the external auditory canal (EAC) by analyzing the clinical and radiologic features. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The clinical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients diagnosed with epidermoid cyst of the EAC from March 2004 to December 2013. The epidermoid cysts were diagnosed clinically by endoscopy and microscopy examinations and by temporal bone CT images, and were confirmed by histopathologic examination. Characteristics of epidermoid cysts in bony EAC and cartilaginous EAC were compared. RESULTS: Eight patients had an epidermoid cyst in the bony EAC and nine patients had one in the cartilaginous EAC. Swelling and otalgia were common symptoms, but 47% of cysts were found incidentally. The mean age of patients was 49.6 years (age range, 26-67 years) in the bony EAC cases and 26.1 years (age range, 6-57 years) in the cartilaginous EAC cases. The mean size of the epidermoid cyst was 3.50 mm (size range, 2-7 mm) in the bony EAC cases and 9.55 mm (size range, 2-20 mm) in the cartilaginous EAC cases. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of epidermoid cysts of the bony EAC and the cartilaginous EAC revealed that epidermoid cysts of the bony EAC is usually found incidentally, arose in older patients and had smaller size.
Dermis ; Ear Canal* ; Earache ; Endoscopy ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Hair ; Humans ; Incidental Findings ; Inflammation ; Microscopy ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Temporal Bone

Excessive exposure to several metallic elements is known to produce a variety of nephrotoxic syndromes such as glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, interstitial nephritis, structural and functional abnormalities of proximal tubule resembling the Fanconi's syndrome and acute tubular necrosis. Although the pulmonary toxicities of silicon are relatively well documented as a cause of silicoproteinosis and lung fibrosis after acute and chronic exposure to free silica(SiO2), but is little known about the nephrotoxicity of this trace element. Clinical manifestations of silicon nephropathy are similar to other heavy metal nephropathy as proteinuria, hematuria, active urinary sediments and renal failure. Diagnosis of silicon nephropathy is based on distinct exposure history to silica, variable degree of renal dysfunction and characteristic histologic findings such as cytoplasmic vacuoles and dense membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic bodies which is resembling lysosomes in proximal tubular cells. A 26-year-old man with ingestion of silicon compound(SiO2-NaOCO3) developed acute renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis. And he was recovered with conservative management to acute renal failure. So we report this case with a brief review of literature.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Adult ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Eating* ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Lung ; Lysosomes ; Necrosis ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency ; Silicon Dioxide ; Silicon* ; Vacuoles

Hypertension is the major factor of most death and high blood pressure (BP) can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiac failure. Moreover, hypertension is strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI). Although the exact causes of hypertension are still unclear, some of genetic loci were discovered from genome-wide association study (GWAS). Therefore, it is essential to study genetic variation for finding more genetic factor affecting hypertension. The purpose of our study is to conduct a CNV association study for hypertension-related traits, BP and BMI, in Korean individuals. We identified 2,206 CNV regions from 3,274 community-based Korean participants using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 platform and performed a logistic regression analysis of CNVs with two hypertension-related traits, BP and BMI. Moreover, the 4,692 participants in an independent cohort were selected for respective replication analyses. GWAS of CNV identified two loci encompassing previously known hypertension-related genes: LPA (lipoprotein) on 6q26, and JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) on 9p24, with suggestive p-values (0.0334 for LPA and 0.0305 for JAK2). These two positive findings, however, were not evaluated in the replication stage. Our result confirmed the conclusion of CNV study from the WTCCC suggesting weak association with common diseases. This is the first study of CNV association study with BP and BMI in Korean population and it provides a state of CNV association study with common human diseases using SNP array.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Cohort Studies ; Genetic Loci ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Phosphotransferases ; Stroke

Hamartomatous polyps in the stomach have been described as gastric lesions of familial polyposis coli or not associated with polyposis coli. However, submucosal tumor-like lesion of the gastric hamartoma is very rare. We have experienced an unusual hamartoma in the stomach in a 69-year-old man. He was hospitalized with epigastric discomfort. Endoscopy revealed a submucosal mass at the greater curvature of the high body of the stomach. The resected mass measured 3 X 2 X 1.5 cm and was characterized by cystic dilation of glandular structures. The glandular structures consisted of various types of lining cells, including surface foveolar cell types, pyloric cell types and parietal-like cells, and irregularly arranged smooth muscle bundles and collagen fibers were noted. We report this unusual gastric hamartoma presenting as a submucosal tumor with a review of literatures.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Aged ; Collagen ; Endoscopy ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; Polyps ; Stomach

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) for the treatment of hemorrhage from gastric varices (GV) in Korean patients with liver cirrhosis (LC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 183 LC patients who underwent BRTO for GV bleeding in 6 university-based hospitals between January 2001 and December 2010. RESULTS: Of the 183 enrolled patients, 49 patients had Child-Pugh (CP) class A LC, 105 had CP class B, and 30 had CP class C at the time of BRTO. BRTO was successfully performed in 177 patients (96.7%). Procedure-related complications (e.g., pulmonary thromboembolism and renal infarction) occurred in eight patients (4.4%). Among 151 patients who underwent follow-up examinations of GV, 79 patients (52.3%) achieved eradication of GV, and 110 patients (72.8%) exhibited marked shrinkage of the treated GV to grade 0 or I. Meanwhile, new-appearance or aggravation of esophageal varices (EV) occurred in 54 out of 136 patients who underwent follow-up endoscopy (41.2%). During the 36.0+/-29.2 months (mean+/-SD) of follow-up, 39 patients rebled (hemorrhage from GV in 7, EV in 18, nonvariceal origin in 4, and unknown in 10 patients). The estimated 3-year rebleeding-free rate was 74.8%, and multivariate analysis showed that CP class C was associated with rebleeding (odds ratio, 2.404; 95% confidence-interval, 1.013-5.704; P=0.047). CONCLUSIONS: BRTO can be performed safely and effectively for the treatment of GV bleeding. However, aggravation of EV or bleeding from EV is not uncommon after BRTO; thus, periodic endoscopy to follow-up of EV with or without prophylactic treatment might be necessary in LC patients undergoing BRTO.
Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; *Balloon Occlusion/adverse effects ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/*complications ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology/prevention & control/*therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis/*complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Pulmonary Embolism/etiology ; Recurrence ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome