No abstract available.
Humans ; Pregnancy* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Lower Extremity*

No abstract available.
Mandibular Condyle* ; Rabbits*

The study was designed to evaluate the significant roles of SSRI in rat of depression model. Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress has been found to depress the consumption of sweet 1% sucrose solutions in the Sprague-Dawley rats. We applied the variety of 11 types of stress regimens and identified depressive behavious(developed by Willner) in 70 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats in experiments were stratified into 6 groups, i.e.; 3 kinds of SSRI(paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline), clomipramine, choline and saline control. Memory function was evaluated by passive avoidance learning and retention test. The authors determined how long memory retention would remain improved with 24 hour, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks at training-testing interval in depressive states of the Sprague-Dowley rats. The results were as follows; 1) There were to significant differences between the 6 groups at the 24 hour training-testing interval. 2) The paroxetine treated group showed significant differences from the control group at the 1 week and 2 weeks training-testing interval. 3) The paroxetine and the fluoxetine treated groups showed significant differences from the control group at 3 week training-testing interval. 4) The paroxetine and the choline treated groups showed significant differences from the control group 4 week training-testing interval. In summary, paroxetine had on effect on long term memory processing from 1st week to 4th week. Also, fluoxetine(or 3rd week) and choline(at 4th week) had effect on long term memory processing. Sertraline, clomipramine were ineffective on memory processing during 4 weeks observation. Possible explanations why paroxetine had early effect on memory processing than the other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are rapid bioavailability, which is the characteristics of pharmacokinetics of paroxetine. In clinical situation, author carefully suggest that SSRI would be beneficial to improve the memory function caused by depressive neurochemical changes.
Animals ; Avoidance Learning* ; Biological Availability ; Choline ; Clomipramine ; Depression ; Fluoxetine ; Memory ; Paroxetine ; Pharmacokinetics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors* ; Sertraline ; Sucrose

The anterior cruciate ligament integrity is critical to the mechanics, stability, and protection of the joint and its periarticular structure. The insufficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament leads to a disintegration of the rolling/gliding movement, and followed by degenerative changes of the joint cartilage. Numerous surgical procedures have been designed to control the anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. None has yet been generally accepted as the best procedure. Arthroscopy has added a new dimension to knee surgery and earned a rightful place in the diagnosis and mansgement of the anterior cruciate ligsment problems. In this article, we present the results in twenty two patients who were treated with staple by arthroscopic surgery from January, 1984 to December, 1985. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Type of surgery were 2 cases of primsry repair, 12 cases of pedicle graft, and 8 cases of semitendinosus graft. 2. Associated lesions were 17 cases(77.3%) of meniscal injuries and 3 cases(13.6%) of the injury to the articular cartilage. 3. Clinical results were excellent and good in 12 cases(54.5%) and fair in 8 cases(36.4%) by the Hospital for Special Surgery knee follow up score. 4. Advantages of using the Ligamentous and Cagsular Repair system for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency were A) Minimal surgical exposure and trauma. B) Less painful. C) Utilized the patients own collagen tissue with vascularity and synovial covering. D) Close approximation of normal anterior cruciate attachment. E) Excellent bony fixation. F) Rapid rehabilitation. G) Minimal morbidity and few complications. On the basis of our findings, we advocate the arthroscopic repair % reconstruction with staple as a reliable and effective method of treating anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Arthroscopy ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Collagen ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Mechanics ; Methods ; Rehabilitation ; Transplants

Various methods have been described for sugical management of patients who have recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. In recent years, great advancements have been made in arthroscopic surgery of anterior shoulder dislocation. From June, 1987 to December, 1989, 10 shoulders in 10 patients who experienced recurrent traumatic anterior dislocation were repaired with the arthroscopic stapling technique. Among them, 6 cases which could be followed for more than 1 year were analyzed. Postoperstive follow-up averaged 21 months (range 1 year to 3 years). The results were summarized as follows: l. Average patient age was 24 years with an age range from 20 to 31 years. All 6 cases were male. 2. The orighinal dislocation involved an injury in all cases. It had occurred between 18 months and 6 years before surgery. Every patients had had 4 or more recurrences. 3. Among the 6 cases, 5 cases were found to have a Bankart lesion and 3 cases, a Hill-Sachs lesion at surgery. 4. There have been no postoperative recurrence up to date. 5. 7 and 10 degrees restriction in external rotation, as compared to the contralateral shoulder, was noted in 2 patients. 6. Clinical results of 6 cases, based on the Rowe shoulder rationg system, were 4 excellent and 2 good. 7. No instances of infection, instrument failure, or major neurovascular complications occurred in this series.
Arthroscopy ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Shoulder Dislocation ; Shoulder

The distal tibial physes begins its closure about 18 months prior to complete cessation of the tibial growth, closing first in its midportion, then medially, and finally, laterally. So the patterns of the ankle fracture during this period would be different from those of the adult or the children before this period. During the six year period from 1983 to 1988 at the department of orthopedic surgery, college of medi-cine, Hallym University, we found and analysed 54 adolescent patients with the ankle fracture which developed before the closure of the distal tibial growth plate, which were followed up more than 1 year. The results were as follows 1. During the 6 year period of this study, the adolescent ankle fracture comprise 4.4% (54 cases) of all the ankle fractures(1158 cases). Injury occurred more often in male than in female(44 versus 10). The mean age was 13.7 years. 2. The most common cause of injury was traffic accident being in 26 cases(48.1%), the next was slip down accident in 11 cases, and the third was sports activity in 10 cases. 3. The incidence of the adoescent ankle fractures using the Salter-Harris classification revealed 20 (37%) type II, 7 (13%) type III, 5 (9.3%) type IV, and 4 (7.4%) type I and that using the Dias and Tachdjian classification revealed 14 (25.9%) Supination-Inversion, 10 (18.5%) Supination-External rotation, 7 (12.7%) Pronation-Eversion-External rotation, and 1 (1.9%) no adjustable fracture. There were 9 (16.7%) Tillaux and 9 (16.7%) triplane fractures, which were belonged to both classifications 4. The treatments performed were closed reduction and cast immobilization for 28 cases (51.9 %), open reduction and internal fixation for 20 cases (37%), and closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for 6 cases. 5. There were complications experienced in 9 cases, which were 3 premature epiphyseal closure, 3 joint surface incongruity, 2 angular deformity, and 1 leg shortening. 6. For the prevention of the complication, the treatment of the adolecsent ankle fracture should be treated like as adult fracture.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle ; Child ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Joints ; Leg ; Male ; Orthopedics ; Sports

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Child* ; Humans ; Seoul*

No abstract available.

This study was aimed to clarify the effects of systemic kainic acid (KA) administration (10 mg/kg i.p.) on somatostatin containing neurons, and to examine the distribution of somatostain immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral cortex of the rats. Animals were sacrificed at three time points at the two, six, and ten days after the injection of KA. Thirty-six rats were observed by using the free-floating immunohistochemical method (modified ABC method). The results were as follows: 1) In the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, somatostatin immunoreactive neurons were not observed in 2,6,10days after treatment of KA including control group except Cg 1 showing some somatostatin immunoreactive neurons in 10days and control groups. 2) In the insular cortex, somatostatin immunoreactive neurons also were not observed in any groups except AIV showing few somatostatin immunoreactive neurons in control group. 3) In the perirhinal cortex, few somatostatin immunoreactive neurons were observed in 2 days and 6 days groups. In control group, a number of somatostatin immunoreactive neurons observed. 4) A strong decrease of somatostatin immunoreactive neurons were observed in the frontal, arietal, temporal and occipital cortex 2 days after treatment of KA. Initially decreased somatostatin immunoreactive neurons had recovered to control 10 days after treatment. 5) Distribution of the somatostatin immunoreactive neurons was observed marked difference according to the cortical areas. Somatostatin immunoreactive neurons in isocortex were more increased in number than the allcotex by control study. The changes in somatostatin immunoreactive neurons after systemic treament of KA were marked in 2 days and 6 days, but these had recovered to control 10 days the treatment of KA. It suggested the normalization of the cerebral function 10 days after seizure. According to the cerebral cortex, the different distribution of somatostatin immunoreactive neurons in number was observed.
Animals ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Kainic Acid* ; Neurons* ; Rats* ; Seizures ; Somatostatin*