A study was made on 177 jaundiced newborn infants who were admitted to the Pediatric ward and nursery of Kyung Hee Medical Center from Oct. 1977 to Sept. 1978. This investigation was (I) to assess the value of Dermal icterus and Perspex Icterometer as a screening device to estimate the bilirubin concentration and (ii) to evaluate the accuracy of bilirubin spectrophotometry with the AO bilirubinometer as compared to Malloy Evelyn diazo method. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The Dermal icterus and Icterometer were valuable as a screening device to assess the depth of jaundice. If the Dermal icterus readings revealed Zone III (11~18mg%) or higher and Icterometer readings revealed Grade 3 1/2(14-19mg%) or higher, bilirubin concentrations should be determined by laboratory method, because above readings were near to critical levels. 2. The AO bilirubinometer was a simple accurate method suitable for monitoring total bilirubin concentration in the jaundiced neonate, expecially, when repeated determination was indicated. The AO bilirubinometer could supersede a M-E diazo method below 20mg% with not significant result of T-test (t(54)=0.578, n.s.) and high degree correlation (r=0.92, P<0.001).
Bilirubin* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Jaundice ; Mass Screening ; Nurseries ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Reading ; Spectrophotometry

PURPOSE: To determine the patterns of evaluation and treatment in the patient with early breast cancer treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy and to improve the radiotherapy techiniques, nationwide survey was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A web-based database system for Korean Patterns of Care Study (PCS) for 6 common cancers was developed. Two hundreds sixty-one randomly selected records of eligible patients treated between 1998~999 from 15 hospitals were reviewed. RESULTS: The patients ages ranged from 24 to 85 years(median 45 years). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was most common histologic type (88.9%) followed by medullary carcinoma (4.2%) and infiltrating lobular carcinoma (1.5%). Pathologic T stage by AJCC was T1 in 59.7% of the casses, T2 in 29.5% of the cases, Tis in 8.8% of the cases. Axillary lymph node dissection was performed in 91.2% of the cases and 69.7% were node negative. AJCC stage was 0 in 8.8% of the cases, stage I in 44.9% of the cases, stage IIa in 33.3% of the cases, and stage IIb in 8.4% of the cases. Estrogen and progesteron receptors were evaluated in 71.6%, and 70.9% of the patients, respectively. Surgical methods of breast-conserving surgery was excision/lumpectomy in 37.2%, wide excision in 11.5%, quadrantectomy in 23% and partial mastectomy in 27.5% of the cases. A pathologically confirmed negative margin was obtained in 90.8% of the cases. Pathological margin was involved with tumor in 10 patients and margin was close (less than 2 mm) in 10 patients. All the patients except one recieved more than 90% of the planned radiotherapy dose. Radiotherapy volume was breast only in 88% of the cases, breast+supraclavicular fossa (SCL) in 5% of the cases, and breast+SCL+posterior axillary boost in 4.2% of the cases. Only one patient received isolated internal mammary lymph node irradiation. Used radiation beam was Co-60 in 8 cases, 4 MV X-ray in 115 cases, 6 MV X-ray in 125 cases, and 10 MV X-ray in 11 cases. The radiation dose to the whole breast was 45~9.4 Gy (median 50.4) and boost dose was 8~20 Gy (median 10 Gy). The total radiation dose delivered was 50.4~70.4 Gy (median 60.4 Gy). CONCLUSION: There was no major deviation from current standard in the patterns of evaluation and treatment for the patients with early breast cancer treated with breast conservation method. Some varieties were identified in boost irradiation dose. Separate analysis for the datails of radiotherapy planning will be followed and the outcome of treatment is needed to evaluate the process.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Korea* ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Segmental* ; Radiotherapy