OBJECTIVES: Estimation of the anterior lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness difference who underwent prior cesarean delivery measured with transvaginal sonography at or after 36 gestational weeks (sonographic thickness) and a ruler during elective cesarean section (operation thickness) Methods: One hundred sixty women who underwent prior cesarean delivery had the thickness of their LUS measured with transvaginal sonography at or after 36 gestational weeks. The LUS thickness was measured with a ruler during elective cesarean section. We compared group I whose LUS was fairly well visualized 4 cm or more from the uterine cervix to group II which had less than 4 cm. RESULTS: The mean sonographic thickness of LUS was 1.7 0.8 mm and that of operation thickness was 1.9 0.5 mm. The mean difference of the two (thickness difference) was 0.5 0.5 mm. In 31.3% the sonographic thickness was same as the operation thickness and in 70.7% of the total with 0.5 mm or less difference, the sonographic thickness could be regarded as accurate. The thickness difference with the sonographic thickness with 2 mm or more was smaller than those with 1 mm or less (0.4 0.5; 0.6 0.6) and that of group I was smaller than that of group II (0.4 0.4; 0.9 0.6) (p< .05). CONCLUSION: The thickness difference was 0.5 0.5 mm and it was smaller when the LUS thickness is 2 mm or over, clearly visible 4 cm or over from the cervix.
Cervix Uteri ; Cesarean Section ; Cicatrix* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography*

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a congenital or perinatal tumor, 1 to 2 cm in diameter, usually located on the head. The extracutaneous lesions can occur on the eye, the lung, the epicardium, the oral cavity or the testicles. Subcutaneous form of juvenile xanthogranuloma has been reported very rarely in the literature. We report a unique case of a subcutaneous juvenile xanthogranuloma that showed 4 × 4 cm sized plaque and located on the extremity of 9-year-old girl.
Child ; Extremities ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Lung ; Mouth ; Pericardium ; Testis ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure home health resource utilization using a Case-Mix Adjustor Model developed in the U.S. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 484 patients who had received home health care more than 4 visits during a 60-day episode at 31 home health care institutions. Data on the 484 patients had to be merged onto a 60-day payment segment. Based on the results, the researcher classified home health resource groups (HHRG). RESULT: The subjects were classified into 34 HHRGs in Korea. Home health resource utilization according to clinical severity was in order of Minimum (C0) < 'Low (C1) < 'Moderate (C2) < 'High (C3), according to dependency in daily activities was in order of Minimum (F0) < 'High (F3) < 'Medium (F2) < 'Low (F1) < 'Maximum (F4). Resource utilization by HHRGs was the highest 564,735 won in group C0F0S2 (clinical severity minimum, dependency in daily activity minimum, service utilization moderate), and the lowest 97,000 won in group C2F3S1, so the former was 5.82 times higher than the latter. CONCLUSION: Resource utilization in home health care has become an issue of concern due to rising costs for home health care. The results suggest the need for more analytical attention on the utilization and expenditures for home care using a Case-Mix Adjustor Model.
Risk Adjustment ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Korea ; Humans ; Home Care Services/*utilization ; Health Resources/*utilization ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Adult

BACKGROUND: The psychosocial factors to the musculoskeletal disease has been studied recently as well as environmental factors. Type A behavior pattern which is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease may have relation to musculoskeletal disease, and the authors studied the relations for these variables. METHODS: The studied subjects were 511 housewives sampled without intention at Taejon city and we excluded 76 persons who had experiences of trauma at neck, shoulder or back region during recent one year on the data analysis. The musculoskeletal symptoms and type A behavior pattern were quantified as the score and the Spearmans correlation coefficient was used to reveal the statistical significance for the relations. RESULTS: Type A behavior pattern had the relation to the symptoms of neck, sboulder, and back region. For the sociodemographic variables, the relations were significant for the group of younger age, lower socioeconomic level, and the group having full time job, lower body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that type A behavior pattern was the possible risk factor for musculoskeletal disease, but more studies will be necessary to confirm the influence of behavior pattern to musculoskeletal disease.
Body Mass Index ; Coronary Disease ; Daejeon ; Humans ; Intention ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Neck ; Psychology ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder ; Statistics as Topic

Most renal carcinomas are thought to originate from the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted tubules in the renal cortex. Collecting duct carcinoma is a recently recognized histological variety of renal cell carcinoma considered to arise from the epithelium of the collecting ducts. It is important to distinguish the collecting duct carcinoma from ordinary renal cell carcinoma, because which has an aggressive clinical course with early metastasis and death. But in patients, the natural course of the disease and its response to treatment have not been clearly established. Herein we report a case of collecting duct carcinoma of kidney in 38-year-old woman who had generalized edema and left flank dull pain. The preoperative diagnosis was left renal cell carcinoma on physical examination and radiologic finding, and left radical nephrectomy was done.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nephrectomy ; Physical Examination

Contusions ; Facial Bones ; Facial Nerve ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Orbit ; Salivary Glands ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Wounds and Injuries

In order to observe the development of ventricular arrhythmia during regional myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, especially under the presence or absence of ST-T electrical alternans on epicardial EKG. The proximal left descending coronary artery(LAD) was ligated for 20 minutes and then reperfused suddenly in twenty-three cats. Standard lead EKG(Lead??, chest lead EKG and epicardial lead EKG were recorded simultaneously during the occlusion and reperfusion respectively. During the ligation of LAD, STEA was observed in thirteen cats(56.5%). In occlusion period, the incidence of ventricular tachycardia in STEA positive group was significantly higher than in the negative group(p<0.01) and arrhythmic score was significantly higher(p<0.005) also In the reperfusion period the incidence of vefntricular fibrillation in STEA positive group was significantly higher than in the negative group(p<0.025). But there was the tendency to be higher in arrhythmic score of STEA positive group. There were no differences in heart rate, systolic left ventricular pressure, ST elevation and ST width in both groups. Most forms of ST-T of sinus rhythm before and after development of ventricular premature beat was low form(L). It was concluded that at the presence of STEA on EKG, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was more prevalent. So, STEA can be available as a marker of ventricular arrhythmia and prognostic factor.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Cats ; Electrocardiography* ; Heart Rate ; Incidence ; Ligation ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Reperfusion ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Thorax ; Ventricular Pressure

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVBI) and prognostic factors of surgical success in neovascular glaucoma patients, who underwent trabeculectomy. METHODS: A total of 58 patients (58 eyes) diagnosed with neovascular glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy between 2003 and 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C was performed between 2003 and 2006 and additional preoperative IVBI with the above mentioned technique was performed between 2007 and 2013. To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative IVBI, the patients were divided into the preoperative IVBI group and control group. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured from preoperative to postoperative 12 months. To evaluate the prognostic factors related to surgical success, the following was investigated: age, lens status, preoperative IVBI, time interval between preoperative IVBI and trabeculectomy, previous vitrectomy and, postoperative complications. RESULTS: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C only was performed in 26 eyes and additional preoperative IVBI was performed in 32 eyes. Surgical success was 81.3% in the IVBI group and 57.7% in the control group at postoperative 6 months (p = 0.012), and 78.1% in the IVBI group and 50.0% in the control group at postoperative 12 months (p = 0.021). Statistically significant IOP reduction effect was observed in the IVBI group (p = 0.048), and reduced anti-glaucoma eye drop usage was observed in the IVBI group (0.4) compared with 0.8 in the control group (p = 0.040). Postoperative hyphema (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.872, p = 0.044) and preoperative IVBI (HR = 0.280, p = 0.030) were considered risk factors for surgical failure in univariate analysis, however, only preoperative IVBI was statistically significant in multivariate analysis (p = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: In neovascular glaucoma patients, preoperative IVBI before trabeculectomy is a good prognostic factor of surgical success and shows benefit in lowering the IOP and reducing anti-glaucoma eye drop usage at postoperative 1 year.
Glaucoma, Neovascular* ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Intraocular Pressure ; Mitomycin ; Multivariate Analysis ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Trabeculectomy* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Bevacizumab

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a rare and autosomal dominent disorder characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the clavicles, an open fontanelle, dental abnormalities, and short stature. A 17-year-old female who presented with short stature and subsequent delay in eruption of permanent teeth is described. she showed the abnormal hypermobility of the shoulder, ocular hypertelorism and concave nasal bridge. Radiographs revealed the underdeveloped maxilla, defect of the cranium in the fontanelle region, and aplasia of the clavicles. Characteristically, panoramic view revealed near parallel-sided borders of the ascending ramus and downward curvature of the zygomatic arch with hypoplasia. The prolonged retention of deciduous teeth with delayed eruption of permanent teeth and multiple embedded supernumerary teeth were striking. Radiographic and clinical investigations revealed Cleidocranial dysplasia.
Adolescent ; Clavicle ; Cleidocranial Dysplasia* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Maxilla ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Shoulder ; Skull ; Strikes, Employee ; Tooth ; Tooth, Deciduous ; Tooth, Supernumerary ; Zygoma

PURPOSE: A papillary carcinoma of the breast is relatively rare. Only about 1 to 2% of the breast carcinomas have been reported to be papillary carcinomas. So far, we have not found any report of a clinicopathological analysis of a papillary carcinoma in Korean women. METHODS: The records of 13 women diagnosed as having a papillary carcinoma were reviewed. The H&E and specially stained microscopic slides from each case were re-examined. The clinical data, tumor sizes, lymph node status, hormone receptor status, surgical procedures, and recurrences were analyzed. RESULTS: The 13 cases of papillary cancer represented an incidence of 1.28% of all breast cancers diagnosed at the Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. The mean age of the patients was 47.08 11.79. The tumor was frequently located centrally (61.5%), and the most common symptom was a palpable mass in the breast (92.3%). Four out of the 13 patients (32.5%) had axillary lymph node metastases. Hormone receptors were positive in five of seven patients (71.4%). Only one patient with advanced disease at the time of operation experienced distant metastases within 17 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: A papillary carcinoma is a rare type of breast cancer and has a favorable prognosis. The clinical outcome and histolgic characteristics were similar to those in other reports, but the mean age of the patients in this report was lower than that of Caucasian women.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Papillary* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence