It is well studied about the composition of tear and it`s function, but not about the proportion of tear proteins in the dry eye, in which tear volume is reduced and tear film is unstable. Therefore, we performed this study to determine the proportion of tear proteins. This study involved 150 subjects, 50 volunteers and 100 outpatients who visited Ophthalmologic department from January to December in 1997. Dry eye was classified into mild and severe dry eyes. Four fractions of tear protein were demonstrated by electrophoresis. The proportion of tear proteins in fraction 1 to 4 were 31.0+/-5.9%(mean+/-standard deviation), 2.9+/-1.3%, 40.8+/-5.5%, 25.2+/-5.2%, in control group, 33.4+/-7.1%, 3.4+/-3.0%, 41.6+/-7.7%, 21.5+/-4.8% in mild dry eye group, 37.5+/-11.4%, 3.2+/-2.2%, 40.3+/-9.1%, 19.5+/-5.3% in severe dry eye group respectively. With severty of the dry eye, the proportion of fraction 1 was increased and the proportion of fraction 4 was decreased, both of which were statistically significant difference(P<0.01). In proportion to the severity of dry eye, the proportion of tear proteins became unstable. For the diagnosis and management of the dry eye,we consider the supplement of the decreased portion of tear proteins.
Diagnosis ; Electrophoresis ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Tears* ; Volunteers

A 31-year-old woman with surgically proven spinal extradural granulocytic sarcoma was examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This patient had no evidence of systemic leukemia. The signal intensities of the mass on T1-weighted and gradient echo images were higher than those of spinal cord, which were different from iso-intensity of cases reported by other authors.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Sarcoma, Myeloid* ; Spinal Cord

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic manifestations of the rectal leiomyosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed CT and barium study of 2 cases of rectal leiomyosarcoma, which were operated and pathologically proved. RESULTS: In both cases colon studies showed a huge smooth marginated filling defect in the rectum. Precontrast CT scans showed a well-circumscribed, slightly Iobulated, inhomogeneous mass without calcification. Postcontrast scans showed minimal enhancement with internal low-density areas. In pathologic specimens there were large areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in the masses. Pericolic fat infiltration, lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis were not detected. CONCLUSION: Leiomyosarcoma is rarely developed in the rectum, but general radiologic findings are similar to that of other part of the gastrointestinal tracts except for the tendency of intraluminal growth due to narrow pelvic space.
Barium ; Colon ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Lymph Nodes ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Rectum ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The proportion of tear proteins is different markedly in various ocular diseases, so its measurement may be of considerable diagnostic value in certain ocular conditions. We studied prospectively proportion of tear proteins in 50 normal adult Koreans. 25 male and 25 female, by using protein electrophoresis. Four fractions were demonstrated by protein electrophoresis using cellulose acetate membrane: Fraction 1 represents as tear-specific prealbumin(TSP1) and albumin, fraction 2 as other tear-specific prealbumin(TSP2), fraction 3 as lactotransferrin and immunoglobulin, and fraction 4 as lysozyme. In this study, the proportion of tear proteins in fraction 1 to 4 were 33.4%, 1.1%, 44.2%, and 21.2% respectively. With age, the proportion of fraction 4 decreased, and its decrease was not statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference between age groups in fractions 1,2 or 3. Difference of proportion of tear proteins between the sex was not statistically significant in any of the fractions. Further studies on the tear proteins may be helpful in diagnosing some ocular conditions.
Adult ; Cellulose ; Electrophoresis* ; Female ; Humans* ; Immunoglobulins ; Lactoferrin ; Male ; Membranes ; Muramidase ; Prospective Studies ; Tears*

Pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is an uncommon granulomatous disorder of unknown cause. The authors retrospectively evaluated radiographs and computed tomographic findings of five patients with biopsy-proven pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. The main structural abnormalities consisted of small nodules and cystic air spaces, but one case showed only pneumothorax due to bullae rupture. Its distribution has been known predominently in the upper lung fields, but in our cases, the lung lesions were distributed in the entire lung fields or predominently in the lower lung fields. We propose that pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is extremely variable of its structural abnormalities and distribution.
Histiocytosis* ; Humans ; Lung ; Pneumothorax ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture

PURPOSE: We performed a retrospective study to compare the accuracy between conventional CT staging and intraoperative staging for advanced gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients with advanced gastric cancer were included in this study during the recent 2 year-period. All were pre- and posto- peratively diagnosed as advanced gastric cancer. CTwas performed with G E 9800 and Somatom DR3 under conventional technique in 50 and with others in 10 referred patients. The CT staging for T and N category with emphasis on incurable factor, if not resacted, were performed. And we compared the accuracy between conventional CT and intraoperative staging. The final histo-pathologic staging was used as a gold standard. RESULTS: Accuracy of CT and operation for T4(n=l7) factor is 76.9 % and 86.2 % respectively. Overestimation rate for T4 was 9.3 % by CT and 6.1% by operation, and underestimation rate for was 13.8 % and 7.7 % respectively. Accuracy of CT and operation for N (n=60) factor was 50 % and 60 % respectively. Overestimation rate for N factor was 18.3 % by CT and 18.3 % by operation, and underestimation rate for N factor was 31.7 % and 21.7 % respectively. Correct Tand IM staging was possible only in 33% by CT and 38% by intraoperative assessment. CONCLUSION: Conventional CT and intraoperative staging for incurable T/N factor in advanced gastric cancer have a potential limitations, especially for N factor. Therefore, more reliable modality or technique such as dynamic scanning by spiral CT, transabdominal or endoscopic ultrasonography should be preoperatively performed to complement infrequent errors in intraoperative staging. Furthermore, a histology-oriented surgical approach seems essential in selecting the most appropriate surgical procedure.
Complement System Proteins ; Endosonography ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

PURPOSE: The this study was performed to evaluate whether the extent and location of retroperitoneal hematoma correlate with the severity of renal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the CT findings of 27 patients with renal trauma. The retroperitoneal hematoma were subdivided into perirenal hematoma(PRH), anterior pararenal hematoma(APH), posterior pararenal hematoma(PPH) and interfascial hematoma(IFH) The perirenal hematoma (PRH) was classified as grade I, II and III according to the amount of hematoma. RESULTS: PRH was present in all 27, PPH in 8, IFH in 3 patients and APH was not observed. Grade I PRH was present in 7 (70%) of 10 minor injury (contusion, intrarenal hematoma), grade Ill PRH in 2(20%) of 10 minor injury and in 7 (41.2%) of 17 major and catastrophic injury (laceration, fracture, shattered kidney and renal pedicle injury). Eight PPH were present only in the major and catastrophic injury and 3 IFH in each of intrarenal hematoma, laceraton and pedicle injury. CONCLUSION: The location and extent of PRH and PPH correlated somewhat with the severity of renal injury, while the presence of IFH and APH did not correlate with severity of the renal inury.
Hematoma* ; Humans ; Kidney

Renal hemangioma is a rare benign tumor which usually causes unexplained painless gross hematuria with clotsin the renal pelvis or ureter. It isgenerally venous origin but may be arterial or mixed venoarterial; it may becapillary but is generally cavernous type which has predilection of submucosal, papillary,and medullary locations.It is very important ot include renal hemangioma in the diffrential diagnosis in cases of unexplained grosshematuria with clots in order to save the renal parenchyme. And preoperative selective renal angiography can offerhelpful diagnostic informations and may be helpful to decide surgical procedure. A case of surgically proven renalhemangioma is reported with a brief review of the literatures.
Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Hematuria ; Kidney Pelvis ; Kidney ; Ureter

Popular use of intravascular catheterization of both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes led to increase in iatrogenic intravascular foreign bodies for which percutaneous removal has been accepted as the treatment of choice. The majority of percutaneously removed intravascular foreign bodies are located in the right side of the heart, large veins, and pulmonary arteries and intraarterial foreign body is rare. We recently experienced a case of intraarterial fragmented catheter which was removed with a basket percutaneously without any complication.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Foreign Bodies* ; Heart ; Pulmonary Artery ; Veins

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using ultrasound guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for the benign nodules of the thyroid gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 148 patients with benign thyroid nodules (200 total nodules) that were confirmed histopathologically, and we performed ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation. The radiofrequency ablation was done 1 to 5 times per one nodule, and follow-up ultrasonography was performed one to nineteen months after the ablation procedures. The physical changes and the decrease of volume of the nodules were evaluated, and the complications related to radiofrequency ablation were observed. RESULTS: The mean initial nodule volume was 0.01-95.61 ml (mean; 6.83+/-SD of 10.63 ml) and the nodule volume after radiofrequency ablation was decreased to 0.00-46.56 ml (mean; 1.83+/-SD of 4.69 ml). The mean volume reduction rate was 73.2%. Reduction of more than 50% was noted in 90% of all cases. For 180 nodules (90%), the decrease was 50% or more, in 20 nodules (10%), the decrease was 49% or less. On gray-scale ultrasonogram obtained after ablation, the echogenicity of the nodules changed to darker, and on the doppler-sonogram, the vascular flow within the nodules disappeared in all cases. Most patients complained pain during or right after the procedure, but the pain was transient and subsided after medication. Two patients developed hoarseness that was improved in 1 week and 2 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Sonoguided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation can be one of the treatments for benign nodules of the thyroid gland.
Catheter Ablation* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule ; Ultrasonography