CT may be valuably used indetermination of proptosis. Normal value of eyeball protrusion was measured innormal Koreans using CT. Among 86 Koreans, 26 have normal both eyes, but 60 have one normal eye with one abnormaleye (chiefly, proptosis and and eyeball tumor) The results of 112 eyes are as follows; Absolute measurement of“a”, that is, the distance between cornea & IZL (interzygomatic line) is 16.0±3.4mm in male (for 63 eye),15.7±4.0 mm in female for 49 eyes. Ratio of “a” over “A” (A-P diameter of eyeball) is 57±12% is male (for 63eye), 57±14% in female (for 49 eye) Discrepancy of eyeball protrusion between both eyes is 0.67±1.5mm (for 26adults) Practically, normal range of eyeball prototrusion(“a”) is 12.6mm< male< 19.4mm, 11.7mm
Adult ; Cornea ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values

No abstract available.
Fires*

Masson's hemangioma is a rare benign vascualr condition with a papillary intravascular endothelial proliferation which may appear either as aprimary form or as a secondary form in a pre-existing vascular process.CT and angiographic features of 2 cases with Masson's hemangioma were presented. Both of them were locatedextra-axially in the posterior fossa. CT findings were not specific in both cases: One showed homogeneously enhancing mass, simulating meningioma. And the other demonstrated a multiolocular rim enhancing mass. However, the angiographic features were rather characteristic; Both cases showed persistent vascular poolings of contrast mediawhich were supplied form the meningeal vessels. Angiographic differential diagnosis of similar lesions in theposterior fossa is discussed.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Hemangioma ; Meningioma

Several techniques are now avallable for the treatment of fractuers of the shaft of the femur. We must be aware of the advantages, disadvantages and Ilmitation of each if we are to select the proper treatment for each patient. During last decades treatment had been varied markedly from time to time and from place to place. Before Word War II, most fractures of the femoral shaft were treated conservatively either by skeletal traction or by manipulation and immobilization in a spica cast. After medullary fixation was Introduced during that war, it became popular, and until 1960 many surgeons considered it as the treatment of choice for most of these fractures. If the case is properly selected the medullary fixation is almost perfect, provlded no complications develop; convalescence can be shortened and resldual disability can be decreased. We had experienced 14 complications among the 78 cases of Kuntscher nailing from may, 1974, to May, 1980. The results are as follows: 1. We operated 78 cases with Kuntscher nail among the 121 femoral shaft fractures. 2. 14 (17.95%) complications developed among the 78 cases of the Kuntscher nailing. 3. Technical errors were incarcerated nailing with thick nail, too long nail and thin nailing. 4. Early postoperative complications within a year were infection, bendlng, bursitis, angulation and rotation. 5. Late complications after one year were proximal or distal migration and refracture.
Bursitis ; Convalescence ; Femur ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgeons ; Traction

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections*

It is well known that the cell type and histopathological grading of gliomas correlate well with clinicalcourse and prognosis. Therefore, it is tempting to set certain criteria that could predict the histopathologiccharacteristics of the gliomas before the surgical intervention. With a total of 56 cases of gliomas which wereverified histopathologically in Seoul National University Hospital between July 1978 and May 1983, a statisticalanalysis of the computed tomographic findings was done with the particular emphasis on the correlation withhistopatholoigcal features. The results are as follows; 1. The calcification is observed in 27 cases (48.2%) intotal: in 20 cases (62.5%) among low grade group, in 6 cases (46.1%) among high grade group and in 1 case (9.1%)among glioblastoma multiformed group respectively. 2. The mass effect, especially surrounding low densitycorrelates well with the grade of malignancy. 3. The contrast enhancement is observed in 43 cases (76.8%). Thepattern of enhancement provides clues for the assessment of cell type and grade with fair degree of reliability.Among low grade group, 10 cases (31.3%) show no enhancement and 10 cases show solid enhancement. Among high gradegroup, 6 cases (46.8%) show solid enhancement and nodular or ring enhancement are not observed. Among glioblastomamlultiform group, 8 cases (72.7%) show characteristic thick irregular ring enhancement. 4. Plain CT densities arenot useful in differentiating each group in statistically significant level. 5. Neither the margin of the mass northe degree of contrast enhancement contributes for the differentiation of each group. 6. Summarizing the abovementioned findings it is concluded that CT is very helpful in differentiating the gliomas with regard tohistopathological cell type and the grade of malignancy as well.
Glioblastoma ; Glioma ; Prognosis ; Seoul

This study was undertaken to examine the possibility of predicting the stage of brain abscess presoperatively,which may markedly influence on the decision how to manage the patients suffering from intracerebral abscesses. Atotal of 17 patients with brain abscesses, who were treated with surgery and diagnosed pathologically, wereretrospectively analyzied with particular attention to the correlation of CT and histopathologic findings. Wefound that preoperative CT findings could not provede any possibility on the decision of abscess staging.Therefore, we suggest that the sequential CT scans should be done in patients with susupectd brain abscess forevaluation of abscess staging.
Abscess ; Brain Abscess ; Brain ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

63 cases of meningitis in children were reviewed to study correlation between brain CT findings and clinical course. We divided 63 cases into 3 groups according to clinical course, that is , Group I :Healed without significant sequelae. Group II: Discharged with sequelae such as neurologic deficit or complicated clinical course. Group III : Expired or considered to be expired after hopeless discharge. The CT finding were retrospectively analyzed and compared with each clinical group. We drawed several conclusions as follows; 1. The wrost prognostic CT finding is dirty basal cisternal enhancement. (Group I only 5%, Group II 50%, Group III 45%).2. Focal brain parenchymal lesion, especially multiple, such as granuloma and infarct shows unfavorable clinical outcome, that is, high rate of Group III and evident neurologic deficit, in contrast to only 7% of Group I. 3. In 7 cases of which CT finding is only hydrocephalus, the prognosis is rather favorable, that is, 57% were Group I, 43% were improved after V-P shunt (Group II) and no Group III. But hydrocephalus with dirty disternal enhancement results in grave prognosis, that is, Group I only 8%, Grouop II 54%, Group III 38%, With regard to overall hydrocephalus, predilectron for good or bad prognosis can't be mentioned. 4. No prognostic difference were noted between presence and absence of periventricular low desnity in hydrocephalus. 5. CSF pressure of hydrocephalus ismostly high (over 20cm H20). but normal pressure hydrocephalus were noted in 24%. CSF pressure of normal ventriclesize is mostly under 18cm H2O) but high pressure were noted in 18% of the nomral sized venticle (most of them shows intracranial space occupying lesion such as granuloma, acute infarct, subdural effusion, etc). 6. Most of diffuse braine swelling, diffuse brain atrophy and subdural effusion result in Group I, that is, favorable clinical outcome. 7. Normal CT findings ar found in 29%, of which 61% belong to Group I and 31% to Group II.
Atrophy ; Brain ; Child ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure ; Meningitis ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Subdural Effusion

OBJECT: Nicotine dependence is the most common substance abuse disorder. One of the characteristics of nicotine dependence is craving. Regional activation of the brain induced by craving for nicotine was evaluated by using functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neuroanatomical site of smoking craving. METHOD: A smoker who satisfied DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence and a non smoker was studied. MRI data were acquired on a 1.5T Magnetom Vision Plus with a head volume coil. Two sets of visual stimuli were presented to subjects in a random manner. One was the film scenes of inducing smoking craving and the other was neutral stimuli not related to smoking. There were two fMRI sessions before and after smoking or sham smoking. Data were analyzed using SPM99. RESULTS: fMRI showed significant activated area in anterior cingulate and medial frontal lobes in the smoker during smoking craving. Right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal lobes were activated in the control during visual stimulation before smoking. After smoking, there was no brain activation during visual stimulation in both of smoker and non smoker. CONCLUSION: Metabolic activity of the anterior cingulate and medial frontal lobes increased during craving for smoking. This result suggests that fMRI may be a valuable tool in the identification of neurobiological process of craving.
Brain ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Frontal Lobe ; Head ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Nicotine ; Parietal Lobe ; Photic Stimulation ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Tobacco Use Disorder