The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of tetracycline-HCL on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implant with pure titanium machined surface, double coated FBR(R) surface and oxidized CellNest surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL solution for 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2 and 2 1/2min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Both test and control group showed a few shallow grooves and ridges in pure titanium machined surface implants. There were not significant differences between two groups. 2. The double coated FBR(R) surfaces showed fine crystalline structures. The roughness of surfaces conditioned with tetracycline-HCL was lessened relative to the application time. 3. The oxidized CellNest surfaces showed the porous structures. The surface conditioning with tetracycline-HCl influenced on its micro-morphology. In conclusion, the detoxification of the affected implant surface with 50mg/ml tetracycline-HCL should be applied respectively with different time according to various implant surfaces.
Crystallins ; Titanium

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and angiographic outcomes after primary balloon angioplasty in patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery (MCA, M1 segment) stenosis refractory to medical therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with intracranial stenosis were treated with primary balloon angioplasty. All patients had MCA stenosis with recurrent transient ischemic attack (TIA). The indication for balloon angioplasty was patients with significant MCA stenosis: 1) age older than 18 years with recurrent or progressive TIA or infarction despite optimal medical therapy, including anti-coagulation, dual anti-platelet, and anti-lipid medication; 2) previous ischemic events or asymptomatic severe stenosis (more than 50%) with poor collateral cerebral circulation, or diminished cerebral perfusion on single photon emission computed tomography before and after administration of the intravenous dosage of acetazolamide. RESULTS: The median age of patients was 53 years (range 44-79). The technical success rate was 100%. Mean pretreatment stenosis degree was 83.63 +/- 9.53% and 29.1 +/- 15.4% before and after angioplasty, respectively. Procedural-related complications occurred in four of 11 patients (36%), but none of the patients had permanent neurological deficit. All patients were available for an average follow-up period of 19.4 +/- 5.1 months. One patient had a stroke in the territory of angioplasty at two months after angioplasty. The stroke free survival rate at 30 days and 12 months was 100% and 91%, respectively. Restenosis over 50% was observed in three of 11 patients (27%); all were asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Intracranial angioplasty for symptomatic MCA stenosis refractory to medical therapy can be a treatment option to reduce the risk of further TIA or stroke.
Acetazolamide ; Angioplasty* ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Atherosclerosis ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infarction ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Perfusion ; Stroke ; Survival Rate ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

The abdominal tumors in children are different from those of adult. These tumors are the third most common one, preceded by leukemia and brain tumors, in children under 15 years. X-ray examination is the most important method among diagnostic approaches. The role of diagnostic imaging is to identify the precise anatomic location and extent of pathologic process with the minimal number of imaging procedures. 23 cases of abdominal tumors were reviewed in respect of age incidence, site of origin, radiologic findings. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. Neuroblastoma was the most common (6 cases) and wilm's tumor (5 cases), choledocal cyst (4 cases), ovarian mass (3 cases), hydronephrosis (2 cases), were descending order in frequency. 2. The most common site was retroperitoneum (60%) Kidney was the single most common site of origin. 3. Radiologic findings. The most common findings of plain radiography was ill defined soft tissue mass and this method was helpful in the presence of calcification especially in neuroblastoma. Ultrasonographic pattern was anechoic (cystic), echoic or mixed pattern, but this method provide less precise anatomical details, nevertheless Ultrasonography was particularly useful imaging modality for the pediatric abdominal tumors. IVP findings were renal displacement, caliceopelvic system distortion or nonvisualization of kidney, these information was helpful in determining the location of tumors. CT scan showed homogenous or inhomogeneous, cystic or solid, mass with their anatomic location. 4. Ultrasonography was the most widely used specific diagnostic method, but had limited value in detecting the anatomic location of tumors. CT scan was superior to ultrasound for determining the extent of tumors.
Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; Child ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Leukemia ; Methods ; Neuroblastoma ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Wilms Tumor

We present a patient with spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula presented with subdural hematoma and progressive myelopathy. Transarterial embolization using NBCA results in complete obliteration of fistula without complication. The pathophysiology, angioarchitexture of the lesion and strategy for its cure would be discussed.
Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Fistula ; Hematoma, Subdural* ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine

PURPOSE: We expected the motion fraction could be checked, with simple radiographic examination, according to the guide-line of fluoroscopic technique, and recovery of the function also could be correlated with the improvement of the motion fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the motion fraction of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement using fluoroscope in 30-degree intervals of arm elevation in the scapular plane. The ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement (thetaGH/thetaST) was 1.6 for the full range of motion in scapular plane. During arm elevation, scapular tilting from the coronal plane was decreased from 42 degrees to 20 degrees tilting as well as internal rotation (scapular extension). We also measured the motion fraction (thetaGH/thetaST) and functional recovery of the shoulder in 11 patients after operative treatment of the shoulder instability in 15 patients from December 1996 to August 1997. RESULTS: We could find out a significant correlation between the recovery of motion fraction and shoulder function. These results would be applied in planing rehabilitation program after treatment of the shoulder instability. CONCLUSIONS: The measuring technique of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement (thetaGH/thetaST) with fluoroscopy could be applied to the simple radiographic measurement at the out-patient clinic in order to identify the pathology and recovery of shoulder motion after treatment
Arm ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Pathology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder*

PURPOSE: To classify the ultrasonographic findings of cystic lesions of the breast and correlated them with the pathology, to evaluate the characteristic features of cystic masses in benign and malignant tumors, and to determine the appropriate level of patient management according to the ultrasonographic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2002 through to June 2004, the ultrasonographic findings of 113 pathological proven cystic breast lesions were reviewed retrospectively. The cystic lesions were classified as simple acysts, clustered cysts, cysts with thin septa, complicated cysts, cystic masses with a thick wall/ septa or nodules, and complex solid and cystic masses. The ultrasonographic findings of each type of cystic lesion of the breast were compared with the pathology and evaluated according to whether they were benign or malignant. RESULTS: Of the 113 lesions, there were 17 simple cysts, 10 clustered cysts and 19 cysts with thin septa. Twenty four cases of complicated cysts were found to be benign. Five (31.3%) of the 16 cases of cystic masses with a thick wall / septa or nodules and 17 (63%) of the 27 cases of complex solid and cystic masses were found to be malignant. The shape and margin of the 43 cases of cystic masses with a solid component were analyzed. Seventeen out of 36 sonographical round or oval shaped masses and 10 out of 27 sonographical circumscribed margins were found to be malignant. CONCLUSION: The simple cysts, clustered cysts, cyst with thin septa and non-symptomatic complicated cysts detected by sonography were all benign. Symptomatic complicated cysts should be aspirated and treated appropriately. Cystic masses with a solid component should be examined by a biopsy with a pathological confirmation.
Biopsy ; Breast* ; Humans ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to observe the reaction kinetics and the degree of polymerization of composite resins when cured by different light sources and to evaluate the effectiveness of the blue Light Emitting Diode Light Curing Units (LED LCUs) compared with conventional halogen LCUs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, thermal analysis was performed by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The LED LCU (Elipar Freelight, 320 mW/cm2) and the conventional halogen LCU (XL3000, 400 mW/cm2) were used in this study for curing three composite resins (SureFil, Z-250 and AEliteFLO). Second, the degree of conversion was obtained in the composite resins cured according to the above curing mode with a FTIR. Third, the measurements of depth of cure were carried out in accordance with ISO 4049 standards. Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA test at 95% levels of confidence and Duncan's procedure for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The heat of cure was not statistically different among the LCUs (p > 0.05). The composites cured by the LED (Exp) LCUs were statistically more slowly polymerized than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Std) LCU (p < 0.05). The composite resin groups cured by the LED (Exp) LCUs had significantly greater degree of conversion value than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Std) LCU (p = 0.0002). The composite resin groups cured by the LED (Std) LCUs showed significantly greater depth of cure value than by the halogen LCU and the LED (Exp) LCU (p < 0.05).
Composite Resins* ; Hot Temperature ; Kinetics ; Polymerization* ; Polymers* ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

BACKGROUND: Intravenous fentanyl has been used for acute postoperative pain management, but has not always provided reliable adequate analgesia, including patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of time-scheduled decremental infusion of fentanyl for postoperative analgesia. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients, aged 20-65 years, undergoing laparoscopic-assisted hysterectomy using total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) were randomly assigned into one of the three groups. Their background infusions of fentanyl diluent (2 ml/hr of diluent was equivalent with 0.5 microg/kg/hr of fentanyl) with PCA were maintained at the fixed-rate of 2 ml/hr until the postoperative 24 hr (FX2-2-2), or at the decremental rates of 6.0, 4.0, 2.0 ml/hr (D6-4-2) and 8.0, 4.0, 2.0 ml/hr (D8-4-2). The visual analogue score (VAS), incidence of inadequate analgesia, frequency of PCA intervention, and side effects were evaluated. RESULTS: VAS was significantly higher in FX2-2-2 than in D6-4-2 and D8-4-2 until postoperative 3 hr (P < 0.05). After postoperative 4 hr, VAS was significantly higher in FX2-2-2 than D8-4-2 (P < 0.05). The incidence of inadequate analgesia of FX2-2-2 was significantly greater than D6-4-2 (P = 0.038) and D8-4-2 (P < 0.001) until postoperative 1 hr. None of the patients had ventilatory depression, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were not significant among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The time-scheduled decremental background infusion regimens of fentanyl, based on the pharmacokinetic model, could provide more effective postoperative pain management after TIVA, and the side effects and the risk for morbidity were not different from the fixed-rate infusion regimen.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Respiratory Insufficiency

An adrenocortical oncocytoma is very rare and unusual disease. Only 22 and 2 cases have been reported in the foreign and Korean literatures, respectively. Herein, the case of a left adrenocortical oncocytoma, observed by ultrasonography during a periodic medical examination of a 32 year old male patient is reported.
Adenoma ; Adenoma, Oxyphilic* ; Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the SLP-VCC parameters and the SLP-ECC parameters in the eyes with typical retardation pattern (TRP) and atypical retardation pattern (ARP), and the sensitivities and specificities of the SLP-VCC parameters and the SLP-ECC parameters in the eye with TRP and ARP. METHODS: In this prospective study, 72 eyes with TRP images (30 glaucomatous and 42 normal eyes) and 53 eyes with ARP images (28 glaucomatous and 25 normal eyes) were recruited. For each group, we analyzed relationship between each parameters of GDx-VCC and GDx-ECC and the diagnostic ability of GDx-ECC by using the ROC curve. RESULTS: In the eyes with TRP, TSNIT average was significantly lower by GDx-ECC than GDx-VCC in the control group. Inferior average was significantly higher by GDx-ECC than GDx-VCC in both glaucomatous and normal group. TSNIT standard deviation was significantly higher by GDx-ECC than GDx-VCC in both groups. NFI was significantly lower by GDx-ECC than GDx-VCC in both groups. TSS (typical scan score) was significantly higher by GDx-ECC than GDx-VCC in both groups. In the eyes with ARP, TSNIT average was significantly lower by GDx-ECC than GDx-VCC in both groups. Superior and Inferior average was not different between GDx-ECC and GDx-VCC. TSNIT standard deviation was significantly higher by GDx-ECC than GDx-VCC in both groups. NFI was not different between groups. TSS was significantly higher by GDx-ECC than GDx-VCC in both groups. Comparison of ROC curve for the SLP parameters revealed no difference between VCC and ECC. TSNIT standard deviation, however, showed relatively high value in GDx-ECC compared with GDx-VCC. CONCLUSIONS: GDx-ECC has comparable diagnostic ability in discriminating glaucomatous and normal eyes with GDx-VCC and TSNIT standard deviation by the GDx-ECC algorithm could be a useful parameter in discriminating glaucomatous and normal eyes.
Compensation and Redress* ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Scanning Laser Polarimetry*