No abstract available.
Sterilization, Tubal*

No abstract available.
Cerebral Infarction* ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Humans ; Oxygen*

The gene encoding F protein of CBP-1 strain, a heat-stable Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from the diseased pheasants in Korea, was characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Virus RNA was prepared from the chorioallatoic fluid infected with NDV CBP-1 virus and cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced to analyze. The PCR was sensitive as to detect the virus titer above 25 hemagglutination unit. 1.7kb (1,707bp) size of the cDNA was amplified and cloned into BamHI site of pVL1393 Baculo transfer vector. The nucleotide sequences for F protein were determined by dye terminator cyclic sequencing using four pairs of primers, and 553 amino acid sequences were predicted. In comparison of the nucleotide sequence of F gene of CBP-1 with those of other NDV strains, the homology revealed 88.8%, 98.5% and 98.7% with Kyojungwon (KJW), Texas GB and Beaudette C strains, respectively. As the deduced 553 amino acid sequences of F protein of CBP-1 were compared with those of other NDV strains, the homology appeared 89.9%, 98.7% and 98.9% with KJW, Texas GB and Beaudette C strains, respectively. The putative protease cleavage site (112-116) was R-R-Q-K-R, indicating that CBP-1 strain is velogenic type. The amino acid sequences include 6 sites of N-asparagine-linked glycosylation and 13 cysteine residues. These data indicate that the genotype of CBP-1 strain is more closely associated with the strains of Texas GB and Beaudette C than KJW strain.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence* ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Molecular* ; Cysteine ; DNA, Complementary ; Genotype ; Glycosylation ; Hemagglutination ; Korea ; Newcastle disease virus* ; Newcastle Disease* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA ; Texas ; Viral Load

PCR implication using the primers for gag, pol and rev genes in BLV (bovine leukemia virus) proviral DNA and syncytium assay were carried out for the Korean native goats experimentally infected with bovine leukemia virus to investigate pathogenesis of BLV in the goats, and to establish a model animal for BLV infection. The oligonucleotide primers used in PCR revealed very high specificity, The minimal amount of FLK-BLV cellular chromosomal DNA to detect the integrated BLV proviral DNA was 10 ng. The peripheral blood lymphocytes from the goat infected with BLV were examined at regular intervals by PCR amplification and syncytium assay. Pol or gag genes were detected in none of three infected goats at the 1st week post-infection (p.i.). At the 4th week p.i., one of three goats showed the amplified gag gene. Thereafter detection rates for the genes were increased, indicating that the BLV proviral genes were integrated in all of the lymphocytes from three goats, at the 16th weeks p.i., when it was evident in syncytium assay that the lymphocytes from all of three goats were infested with infective BLV. Investigating the tissues from the necropsied goats at the 8th month p.i., the amplified BLV proviral genes and infective BLV were detected in all of the peripheral lymphocytes from three infected-goats. Among various tissues examined, the amplified BLV proviral genes were observed in spleen and superficial cervical, mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, and the infective BLV, in superficial cervical and mandibular lymph nodes. It was assumed that the Korean native goat was quite susceptible to BLV infection, indicating that the goat could be a good model animal for BLV.
Animals ; Cattle ; Deltaretrovirus Infections ; DNA Primers ; DNA* ; Enzootic Bovine Leukosis* ; Genes, gag ; Genes, rev ; Giant Cells ; Goats* ; Leukemia ; Leukemia Virus, Bovine* ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spleen

OBJECTIVES: We compared the characteristics of the pain threshold and pain experience between demented group and non-demented group. METHODS: This study was part of Gangwon projects for early detection of dementia in 2010. We recruited 8302 local resident ages over 65 years old. Of theses, 1259 people who scored low MMSE were selected and 365 of them completed CERAD-K(Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease). Finally, 90 in non-demented group and 57 in demented group(mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease) were analyzed. Pain threshold was experimentally measured by pressure algometer and we investigated the pain experience, by Brief pain inventory (BPI), a self-report test. RESULTS: In the demographic characteristics, there are more female, higher ages, lower education in the demented group. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the pain threshold. On the BPI results, 'shoulder pain', 'the number of pain' and 'interference of working' were significantly more prevalent in non-demented group. However, there are no significant differences between the groups in the 'pain severity', 'prevalence of pain' and 'pain treatment'. CONCLUSIONS: Demented group report less pain experience but, still perceived pain. It support previous studies that patient with dementia have increased pain tolerance but preserved pain threshold. Thus, active pain assessment and treatment for patients with dementia is needed.
Aged* ; Dementia* ; Education ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Pain Measurement ; Pain Threshold*

No abstract available.
Eosinophils* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Skin*

PURPOSE: We performed laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) partial nephrectomy in a porcine model with the objectives of overcoming the technical challenges of this surgery and exploring its feasibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six partial nephrectomies were performed on a pig aged 5 months, three cases on each kidney, by four surgeons: two urologists with much experience in laparoscopic surgery (E1, E2) and two less-experienced urologists (B1, B2). While under general anesthesia, the swine was placed in a lateral flank position. Umbilical placement of an Octoport was done with a 2.5 cm incision. After dissection of the renal hilum and Gerota's fascia, a bulldog clamp was applied on the renal artery and parenchymal resection was done. Renorrhaphy was then performed with interrupted sutures with the use of a sliding knot technique. RESULTS: All six partial nephrectomies were performed successfully after repair of the vascular and collecting system at the resection margin and renorrhaphy without the need to introduce any additional ports. There were no noticeable intra- or postoperative complications. The mean warm ischemic time was 42 minutes (range, 30-60 minutes). The shortest warm ischemic time, 30 minutes, was achieved by using the early unclamping technique during renorrhaphy. The longest warm ischemic time was 60 minutes. The average number of renorrhaphy stitches was 3.2 (range, 2-5). CONCLUSIONS: LESS partial nephrectomy was successfully performed in a porcine model but resulted in a longer ischemic time than that of conventional laparoscopic surgeries. Therefore, further laboratory disciplinary efforts are needed to decrease the warm ischemic time and to improve this surgical technique.
Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Fascia ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Laparoscopy ; Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Renal Artery ; Sutures ; Swine ; Warm Ischemia

PURPOSE: We evaluated the prognostic value of the 5-tiered grade group in Korean patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2016, a number of 2,883 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were included for the analysis. The impacts of biopsy and pathologic grade group on predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) were assessed using multivariate analysis. Median follow-up duration was 49.0 months. RESULTS: Mean age was 66.5 years and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 11.8 ng/mL. Prostate cancer was locally advanced on magnetic resonance imaging in 13.4%. Biopsy grade group was as follows: 1 (46.8%), 2 (19.8%), 3 (14.2%), 4 (14.1%), and 5 (5.1%). Pathology stage was ≤T2 in 63.6%, T3a in 26.0%, and T3b/T4 in 10.4% patients. Pathologic grade was as follows: 1 (31.3%), 2 (37.9%), 3 (20.2%), 4 (4.7%), and 5 (5.1%). In multivariate analysis using biopsy-related variables, biopsy grade group (1, reference; 2, hazard ratio [HR], 1.771; p=0.001; 3, HR, 2.736; p < 0.001; 4, HR, 2.966; p < 0.001; 5, HR, 3.707; p < 0.001) was associated with BCR-free survival, PSA level and % positive core. In multivariate analysis using pathologic outcomes, pathologic grade group (1, reference; 2, HR, 1.882; p < 0.001; 3, HR, 3.352; p < 0.001; 4, HR, 3.890; p < 0.001; 5, HR: 3.118, p < 0.001) was associated with BCR-free survival in addition to pathologic stage and positive surgical margin. CONCLUSIONS: New 5-tiered grading system could be useful for predicting oncological outcomes in Korean patients although its role for distinguishing outcomes between patients with grade groups 3–5 need to be validated before wide application of this grade system in Korea.
Biopsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Grading ; Pathology ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Recurrence

We studied 60 hospitalized sick infants with diarrhea to determine the efficacy of lactose free, soy-milk formula(Isomil) on the recovery of diarrhea. 60 sick infants were divided into two groups; Group 1 is consisted of 30 infants who were given Isomil, Group 2 is also consisted of 30 infants who were given 1/2 milk formula during the recovery stage, respectively. There was no difference between the two groups in admission weight, age, duration of diarrhea, number of stools per day, degree of dehydration and serum Na concentration. Initial management of the dirrhea was by means of intravenous fluid therapy and approprate period of fasting to allow intestinal rest. At 2nd day or 3rd day, the patient was given at random lactose free formula or 1/2 milk formula when we started to observe the frequency and consistency of stool. In Group 1, 23 successes and 7 failures. In Group 2, 13 successes and 17 failures. This represented a significant success rate in group I (p<0.025). The data suggest that during the recovery phase of gastroenteritis in young infants, a lactose free, soy-protein formula(Isomil) has definite adventages than 1/2 milk formula.
Dehydration ; Diarrhea ; Diarrhea, Infantile* ; Fasting ; Fluid Therapy ; Gastroenteritis ; Humans ; Infant ; Lactose* ; Milk

Temporary interruption of cerebral blood flow is an effective maneuver to prevent and/or to control excessive bleeding during cerebrovascular procedures. Despite the benefits of temporary arterial occlusion, there is still a risk of ischemic neuronal damage associated with this procedure. It remains controversial whether it is safer to use brief periods of interrupted temporary occlusion separated by reperfusion periods or single continuous temporary occlusion. Two injury mechanisms, disturbed calcium homeostasis and lipid peroxidation, participate in the neuronal damage caused by temporary occlusion but their contributions to the two different types of temporary occlusion are presumed to be different in some degrees. The authors investigated the effect of nimodipine(calcium channel blocker) and U74389G(21-aminosteroid, lipid peroxidation inhibitor) on the focal cerebral blood flow and the size of cerebral infarction in two different types of temporary occlusion(a single, one hour continuous occlusion or three 20-minute repeated occlusions during a 40-minute interval) using the cat focal ischemic model. Results are as follows: 1) Intermittent, repeated occlusion caused lesser cerebral infarction than single continuous occlusion. 2) Postischemic hypoperfusion was more severe in intermittent repeated occlusion group but it was not statistically significant. 3) Nimodipine and U74389G reduced the size of cerebral infarction caused by two types of temporary occlusions significantly but there was no difference between two treatments. 4) U74389G ameliorated the postischemic hypoperfusion caused by both types of temporary occlusion but nimodipine did not. 5) Nimodipine protected caudato-putamen from the ischemic injury more effectively than U74389G. On the basis of the above findings, both types of injury mechanism(disturbed calcium homeostasis and lipid peroxidation) seemed to contribute to the two types of temporary occlusion(single continuous and intermittent repeated), in the similar extent. It is presumed that nimodipine has a preventive effect during the ischemic period and U74389G has a protective effect during reperfusion period.
Animals ; Calcium ; Cats* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Hemorrhage ; Homeostasis ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Neurons ; Nimodipine* ; Reperfusion