PURPOSE: To characterize the MR findings of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and to assess the value of the MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SE T1 -, T2-weighted, and IR brain MR images of 44 infants and children with the past history of perinatal hypoxic insults were reviewed. Abnormal brain MR findings of 8 patients with birth history of prematurity and 36 patients with birth history of full-term/posterm including 7 with severe anoxic insult history, were compared in regard to the location and the character of the lesions RESULTS: MRI demonstrated the followings;(1)abnormal signal intensity lesions of subcortical and/or deep cerebral white matter, cortex, and deep gray matter, (2)atrophy of the cerebral white matter, cortex and corpus callosum, with/without ventriculomegaly, and (3)delay in myelination. Periventricular and deep white matter lesions were demonstrated in the prematurity, the deep white matter lesions and/or subcortical white matter lesions in the term/post-term, and deep gray matter lesions in the 7 patients with severe anoxic insults history. CONCLUSION: MR imaging was useful in the diagnosis of the hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, and the white and gray matter lesions were correlated with the time of the injury and the severity of hypoxic insult.
Brain Injuries* ; Brain* ; Child ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Myelin Sheath ; Reproductive History

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the epidemiology of enterovirus (EV) infections in children at a secondary hospital during recent 5 years. METHODS: We collected the cerebrospinal fluid, stool and throat swab samples from the pediatric patients with suspected EV infections in KEPCO Medical Center, Seoul, Korea from July 2006 to September 2010. EV detection and genotype identification were performed by RT-PCR at Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: A total of 386 samples were collected from 277 patients during study period. Ninety-eight patients (35.4%) were diagnosed with EV infections. The RT-PCR positive rate was the highest in throat swab samples (48.3%). The median age of patient was 4.7 years (range, 0.1-12.5 years). Aseptic meningitis (50, 51.0%) was the most common clinical manifestation; herpangina (22, 22.4%) and hand-foot-mouth disease (18, 18.4%). One hundred EVs were isolated from 98 patients and 20 genotypes of EV were identified; Echovirus 30 (28 cases, 28%), Enterovirus 71 (12 cases, 12%), Echovirus 25 (10 cases, 10%), Echovirus 9 (9 cases, 9%) and Coxsackievirus A6 (8 cases, 8%). Aseptic meningitis caused by Echovirus 30 was the most common manifestation in 2008. There was no complicated case caused by Enterovirus 71. CONCLUSION: This study showed the epidemiology of confirmed EV infection in children from 2006 to 2010. There is a need for continuous surveillance of EV infections and its clinical manifestations.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Child ; Echovirus 9 ; Enterovirus ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; Genotype ; Herpangina ; Humans ; Korea ; Meningitis, Aseptic ; Pharynx

No abstract available.
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of "fake bad" and "fake good" patients with traumatic head injury in neuropsychological tests. METHODS: We measured subjective symptoms by SCL-90-R and objective symptoms by McBride obstacle-valuation measure. The patient was divided into three groups according to differences between subjective and objective symptoms. We also examined their intelligence, memory, clinical characteristics, using K-WAIS, K-MAS, MMPI. RESULTS: The group who overly expressed their subjective symptoms has its psychotic symptom exaggeratingly measured, so it will be helpful to be careful to such over-expressed symptoms in those who present a psychotic symptom in a clinical view-point. An K-WAIS measurement among those who exaggerated their subjective symptoms showed less value than the actual one, which weakens the reliability of this intelligent test. Rather, for that group, the result of K-MAS can be used with a confidence in the estimation of their severity of symptoms. CONCLUSION: MMPI and neuropsychological tests are helpful to understand characteristics between subjective symptoms and objective disabilities of patients with traumatic head injury.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Head* ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Memory ; MMPI* ; Neuropsychological Tests*

BACKGROUND: The presence of diastolic mitral regurgitation has been described in patients with complete atrioventricular(AV) block, aortic valve regurgitation, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy, and in patients with long diastolic filling period in atrial fibrillation. However, because of rare incidence and difficulty in making diagnosis of this phenomenon, the frequency and hemodynamic effects of diastolic AV valve regurgitation(DAVVR) and relationship of electrocardiographic(ECG) parameters with DAVVR in patients with complete heart block have not been reported in Korea. METHODS: To evaluate the frequency, hemodynamic effects of DAVVR and relation of ECG parameters with DAVVR in patients with complete AV block, we studied 14 consecutive patients with complete AV block by means of two dimensional and Doppper echocardiography. RESULTS: The DAVVR was observed in all cases of complete AV block except 3 cases on temporary pacemaker. The peak velocy of diastolic mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitaton were 105+/-23cm/sec and 98+/-30cm/sec, respectively. The peak and mean pressure gradient of diastolic mitral regurgitation were 4.7+/-1.7mmHg and 3.1+/-1.5mmHg respectively, and the peak and mean pressure gradient of diastolic tricuspid regurgitation were 4.1+/-2.6mmHg and 2.7+/-2.1mmHg, respectively. There was regular interval between p-wave of ECG and onset of diastolic AV valve regurgitation, which was 215+/-12msec, Diastolic AV valve regurgitation disappeared immediately after recovery of complete AV block to sinus rhythm or insertion of DDD-type permanent pacemaker in all cases. CONCLUSION: In Conclusion, the DAVVR was observed in all cases of complete AV block except cases on temporary pacemaker insertion and its hemodynamic effect was mild. There was regular interval between p-wave of ECG and the onset of diastolic AV valve regurgitation.
Aortic Valve ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrioventricular Block* ; Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Block ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated regional disparities in the incidence of 8 major cancers at the municipal level in Korea during 1999-2018 and evaluated the presence or absence of hot spots of cancer clusters during 2014-2018. METHODS: The Korea National Cancer Incidence Database was used. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by gender and region at the municipal level for 4 periods of 5 years and 8 cancer types. Regional disparities were calculated as both absolute and relative measures. The possibility of clusters was examined using global Moran’s I with a spatial weight matrix based on adjacency or distance. RESULTS: Regional disparities varied depending on cancer type and gender during the 20-year study period. For men, the regional disparities of stomach, colon and rectum, lung, and liver cancer declined, and those of thyroid and prostate cancer recently decreased, despite an overall increasing incidence. For women, regional disparities in stomach, colon and rectum, lung, liver, and cervical cancer declined, that of thyroid cancer recently decreased, despite an overall increasing incidence, and that of breast cancer steadily increased. In 2014-2018, breast cancer (I, 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 0.70) showed a high probability of cancer clusters in women, and liver cancer (I, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.56) showed a high probability of cancer clusters in men. CONCLUSIONS Disparities in cancer incidence that were not seen at the national level were discovered at the municipal level. These results could provide important directions for planning and implementing local cancer policies.

Laryngeal schwannoma is extremely rare. We report the CT and MRI findings of a case occurring in a 65-year-oldwoman, and describe the pathologic correlation. Pre-contrast CT scanning revealed a right supraglot-tic mass witha slightly hyperdense central part and a hypodense peripheral part. Post-contrast CT scanning re-vealed anenhanced hyperdense central part and a rim-like hypodense peripheral part. The density of the pe-ripheral part waslower than that of muscle. The mass showed homogeneous low signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images, homogeneoushigh signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, and an enhanced high signal intensity central part and a lowsignal intensity peripheral part on gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted images. The enhanced central part correlatedwith Antoni A areas and the peripheral part, showing low attenuation, correlated with Antoni B areas.
Gadolinium ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurilemmoma* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Partial unilateral lentiginosis (PUL) is an unusual pigmentary disorder that's characterized by multiple lentigines in a unilateral distribution. The lesions often have a segmental pattern with a sharp demarcation at the midline. This is sometimes combined with other disorders such as neurofibromatosis or cafe-au-lait macules (CALMs). The presence of multiple CALMs in the same distribution as the lentigines on a PUL patient makes it difficult to differentiate PUL from segmental neurofibromatosis. We present here a 25-year-old woman with an unusual combination of several caf?-au-lait macules and scattered numerous lentigines involving the left side of the abdomen, flank and back.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lentigo ; Neurofibromatoses

The skin lesion of herpes zoster is classically limited to single dermatomal area, and most cases of multidermatomal herpes zoster have contiguous skin lesions. Noncontigous multidermatomal herpes zoster is very rare in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. The phenomenon of zoster occurring in two noncontiguous dermatomes has been referred to as zoster duplex unilateralis or bilateralis. We report a case of herpes zoster multiplex in five disparate dermatomes in a 71-year-old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Aged ; Female ; Herpes Zoster ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Skin

PURPOSE: Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II (CN-2) is characterized by moderate non-hemolytic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia as a result of severe deficiency of bilirubin uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1). The study investigated the mutation spectrum of UGT1A1 gene in Korean children with CN-2. METHODS: Five Korean CN-2 patients from five unrelated families and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. All five exons and flanking introns of the UGT1A1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were directly sequenced. RESULTS: All children initially presented with neonatal jaundice and had persistent indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Homozygous p.Y486D was identified in all five patients. Three patients had an associated homozygous p.G71R and two a heterozygous p.G71R. The allele frequency of p.Y486D and p.G71R in healthy controls was 0 and 0.16, respectively. No significant difference in mean serum bilirubin levels was found between homozygous carriers of p.G71R and heterozygous carriers. CONCLUSION: The combination of homozygous p.Y486D and homozygous or heterozygous p.G71R is identified. The p.Y486D and p.G71R can be screened for the mutation analysis of UGT1A1 in Korean CN-2 patients.
Bilirubin ; Child ; Crigler-Najjar Syndrome* ; Exons ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Introns ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Uridine