The definition of sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS) is the sudden death of an infant that is unexpected by history and cannot be explained by a full postmortem examination including a review of medical history, investigation of the scene of death, and a complete autopsy. Recently, the possibility of occurrence of SIDS after immunization has been suggested. These speculations raised a public awareness as well as apprehension about immunization. SIDS is rare before 1 month of age, with a peak incidence at 2~4 months of age, and 95% of all cases occur by 6 months of age. There are many epidemiological factors associated with an increase of risk for SIDS, such as prone sleep position, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and inborn errors of metabolism However, immunization, which has recently become an issue in SIDS, has no relation to SIDS. The DTaP vaccine in particular, is given during the peak occurrence age of SIDS, which probably led to such misunderstandings. According to an epidemiological data on SIDS in Korea, the estimated incidence of SIDS in the year 1996 was 0.31 in 1,000 live births (male, 0.33 and female, 0.29) with 216 cases per year. The lower incidence of SIDS in Korea than in the United States, European countries, or Japan is probably due to the lack of a surveillance system and public cognition for SIDS. In the present, without established causes for SIDS, public education about the prevention of SIDS is more important than anything. Also, an efficacious surveillance system for SIDS is essential to prevent and decrease its incidence.
Autopsy ; Cognition ; Death, Sudden ; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Education ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization ; Incidence ; Infant ; Japan ; Korea ; Live Birth ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Pregnancy ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sudden Infant Death* ; United States

No abstract available.
Immunization*

A case of supracardiac type of total anomalous pulmonary venous return into the superior vena cava is reported which was successfully diagnosed using spiral CT and three-dimensional image reconstruction. Spiral CT with three-dimensional reconstruction is non-invasive method of visualizing the vascular system and in some instances can replace conventional angiography in pediatric patients.
Angiography ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional* ; Scimitar Syndrome ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Vena Cava, Superior

Aplasia cutis congenita represents a congenital absence of all skin layers, and it may occasionally extend through the bone and dura of the skull. Since the first report was described in the extremity by Cordon 1767, and Campbell 1826, approximately over 500 cases have been reported. About eighty five percents of all cases are found in the scalp, with 15 to 30 percents involving the skull as well. Fifteen percents of all cases involve nonscalp locations and are often bilateral symmetrical. It has been relatively rarely reported disorder abroad as well as domestically. It has several clinical subtypes classified by the location and pattern of skin absence, the presence of associated malformation and the mode of inheritance with unknown cause. We had a new born female infant with this disorder, who presented with a full thickness skin defect on scalp and skull defect. No skin defect were reported in other family members, including a first child born several years previously. Chromosomal analysis revealed as normal female karyotype, but she had double pelvis and double ureter of both kidney The legions healed for five weeks by conservative treatment as moist wound dressing and systemic antibiotic administrations. As a relatively uncommon skin anomaly with congenital anomaly, one case of aplasia cutis congenita involving scalp and skull is reported with the review of reference.
Bandages ; Child ; Ectodermal Dysplasia* ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Karyotype ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Pelvis ; Scalp* ; Skin ; Skull ; Ureter* ; Wills ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Lipoma*

No abstract available.
Measles*

No abstract available.
Prune Belly Syndrome* ; Turner Syndrome*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Child* ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnant Women*

No abstract available.
Reye Syndrome*