1.The Understanding of Depression Subtypes.
Chang Hwan HAN ; Seong Gon RYU
Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2001;8(1):20-36
The debate about whether depressive disorders should be divided into categories or arrayed along a continuum has gone for decade, without resolution. In our review, there is more evidence consistent with the spectrum concept than there is with the idea that depressive disorders constitute discrete clusters marked by relatively discontinuous boundaries. First, "depression spectrum", "is there a common genetic factors in bipolar and unipolar affective disorder", "threshold model of depression" and "bipolar spectrum disorder" are reviewed. And, a new subtype of depression is so called SeCA depression that is a stressor-precipitated, cortisol-induced, serotonin-related, anxiety/aggression-driven depression. SeCA depression is discussed. But, there is with the idea that depressive disorders constitute discrete subtypes marked by relatively discontinuous boundaries. This subtypes of depressive disorder were reviewed from a variety of theoretical frames of reference. The following issues are discussed ; Dexamethasone suppression test(DST), TRH stimulation test, MHPG, Temperament Character Inventory(TCI), and heart rate variability(HRV).
Depression*
;
Depressive Disorder
;
Dexamethasone
;
Heart Rate
;
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
;
Temperament
2.Controlled Gastrostomy & Omental Patch for a Aifficult Case in Peptic Ulcer Perforation: A case report.
In Chul HONG ; Chang Hak RYU ; Chang Hwan CHO
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society 1997;53(5):751-756
If peptic ulcer perforates in the presence of shock or concurrent medical disease or delay of operation, the postoperative morbidity and mortality are high. Years ago most discussion was on whether urgent definite surgery was the most effect therapy, nowadays there is a tendency to less invasive measures in risk situation. Although the simple closure or omental patching has its weak point of high frequency of symptomatic relapse, it is a simple and safe method with the advantage of having a low complication rate than other definite operations. So many surgeons frequently use this simple method in high risk situation. But in the rare instance of large perforation of prepyloric ulcer, this simple closure method is not safe to apply. The authors experienced an unusual case of large prepyloric ulcer perforation in an 80 year old female who had undergone a previous operation(choledocho-duodenostomy). Moreover she had suffered from several concurrent medical diseases and the operation was delayed. We succeeded in repairing the perforation using controlled gastrostomy and omental patching method, and present this case with a review of the literature.
Aged, 80 and over
;
Female
;
Gastrostomy*
;
Humans
;
Mortality
;
Peptic Ulcer Perforation*
;
Peptic Ulcer*
;
Recurrence
;
Shock
;
Ulcer
3.Erratum: Environmental Heavy Metal Exposure and Chronic Kidney Disease in the General Population.
Nam Hee KIM ; Young Youl HYUN ; Kyu Beck LEE ; Yoosoo CHANG ; Seungho RYU ; Kook Hwan OH ; Curie AHN
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2015;30(4):507-507
One author's name is misspelled. Correct Seungho Rhu into Seungho Ryu.
4.Effects of Opioid Agonists on the Suppressed Spontaneous Alternation Behaviour in Rats.
Gi Chul LEE ; Seong Il JEON ; Jung Ho LEE ; Young Min CHOI ; Seong Ho KIM ; Jeong hwan RYU ; Mi CHOI ; Hwan Il CHANG
Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 1999;6(2):193-201
This study was designed to evaluated the effects of opioid receptor agonists on the spontaneous alternation behaviour in an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rats. According to the theory that dopamine is related to the biological etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the effect of the nalbuphine(opioid kappa agonist) and the tramadol(opioid mu agonist), which act as manipulating agents on the inhibition or stimulation of dopamine release, in the spontaneous alternation behaviour were evaluated. 24 hours prior to the experiment, rats were food-deprived. These rats were put into the T-maze, in which white and black goal boxes were baited with small amounts of chocolate milk. Each rat was given 2 set of 7 trials during which it was placed in the start box and allowed to choose the one of the goal boxes for each time. After identifying the stable baseline of spontaneous alternation behaviour, nonselective 5-HT agonist 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) disrupted spontaneous alternation. Rats were stratified into fluoxetine(10mg/kg/IP), nalbuphine(10mg/kg/IP), tramadol(46.4mg/kg/IP), and saline(0.5cc/IP) injection group with experimental drug treatment for 21 days. The effects on the 5-M?DMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced disruption of spontaneous alternation behaviour were checked at the next day of discontinuation of drug treatment. The results were as follows : 1) At the day after 21 days of the drug treatment, the nalbuphine treated group and the fluoxetine treated group showed significant difference from the tramadol treated group and the saline treated group in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. 2) Within each drug treatment group, the fluoxetine treated group showed significant difference between before and after the treatment of fluoxetine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. And also, the nalbuphine treated group showed significant difference between before and after the treatment of nalbuphine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. There was no difference between the baseline and after the treatment of nalbuphine in the 5-MeODMT(1.25mg/kg/IP) induced suppression of spontaneous alternation behaviour. We indentified that the opioid kappa agonist that act as dopamine release inhibitor affect the spontaneous alternation behaviour which is an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder in rat.
Animals
;
Cacao
;
Dopamine
;
Fluoxetine
;
Milk
;
Models, Animal
;
Nalbuphine
;
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
;
Rats*
;
Receptors, Opioid
;
Serotonin Receptor Agonists
;
Tramadol
5.A Parasitic Infection with Eosinophilia in a University Medical Center.
Jin Hwan RYU ; Hyun Jeong JHO ; Yoo Soo CHANG ; Be Long CHO ; Bong Yul HUH
Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine 2006;27(7):529-533
BACKGROUND: The causes of eosinophilia are allergies, parasite infections, medications, skin diseases, and others. But, the etiologies of eosinophilia and variables associated with eosinophilia are not well known in Korea. METHODS: This study included patients in a health check up at a general hospital from May 21, 1995 until February 14, 2004. Through self-report, serology, and stool exam, variables associated with eosinophilia were tested. RESULTS: In the eosinophilic group, 5% were helminth infected, and more of C. sinensis infection were found the eosinophilic group with 3.9% compared to the non-eosinophilic group with 1.2% (P<0.05) Associated variables with eosinophilia were old age, high BMI, drinking, smoking, the season of testing helminth infections, and Clonorchiasis infection. But allergy was not associated with eosinophilia. The odds ratios for eosinophilia after adjustment were 2.280 (1.694~3.068) in helminth infections and 2.391 (1.716~3.331) in Clonorchiasis infection. CONCLUSION: In the eosinophilic group, 5% were helminth infected, and more C. sinensis infection were found. Associated variables with eosinophilia were old age, high BMI, drinking, smoking, the season of testing, helminth infections, and Clonorchisis infection. But allergy was not associated with eosinophilia.
Academic Medical Centers*
;
Clonorchiasis
;
Drinking
;
Eosinophilia*
;
Eosinophils
;
Helminths
;
Hospitals, General
;
Humans
;
Hypersensitivity
;
Korea
;
Odds Ratio
;
Parasites
;
Seasons
;
Skin Diseases
;
Smoke
;
Smoking
6.Synovial Sarcoma of the Thyroid Gland.
Chang Hwan RYU ; Kyung Ja CHO ; Seung Ho CHOI
Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology 2011;4(4):204-206
Primary synovial sarcoma of the thyroid is an extremely rare condition which has only been reported twice in the literature. We herein report a case of highly aggressive and rapidly lethal primary synovial sarcoma of the thyroid. A 72-year-old woman presented with extensive local invasion, rapid progression, and early distant metastasis secondary to primary thyroid synovial sarcoma. The tumor exhibited an atypical histologic and immunohistochemical staining pattern. Detection of SYT/SSX fusion transcript confirmed the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. Due to the aggressive nature of primary synovial sarcoma of the thyroid gland, early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment including wide resection and postoperative chemoradiation is required.
Aged
;
Early Diagnosis
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Sarcoma, Synovial
;
Thyroid Gland
7.Unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy after endotracheal intubation for general anesthesia in a difficult airway patient: A case report.
Seung Jae LEE ; Chang Hwan RYU ; Kyoung Ho KWON ; Nam Woo KIM ; Hae Jeong JEONG
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2016;11(2):220-223
Hypoglossal nerve palsy after general anesthesia is an exceptionally rare complication, which has varied etiology. We present a case of unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy resulting from repeated airway intervention for general anesthesia. A 57-year-old woman was scheduled to undergo modified radical mastectomy. During endotracheal intubation, the patient had Cormack's grade III-a severe airway condition. After the first intubation attempt failed, the intubation was attempted a second time using a stylet inside the endotracheal tube with cricoid pressure; this attempt was successful. In the evening of the operation day, the patient complained of dysarthria and dysphagia. Physical examination revealed deviation of the tongue to the right, which may have been caused by traumatic hypoglossal nerve injury. This case reviews the pathophysiology, prevention, and management of hypoglossal nerve palsy.
Anesthesia, General*
;
Deglutition Disorders
;
Dysarthria
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases*
;
Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries
;
Hypoglossal Nerve*
;
Intubation
;
Intubation, Intratracheal*
;
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
;
Middle Aged
;
Paralysis
;
Physical Examination
;
Tongue
8.Changes of Motor Deactivation Regions in Patients with Intracranial Lesions.
Seung Hwan LEE ; Jun Seok KOH ; Chang Woo RYU ; Geon Ho JAHNG
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 2013;54(6):453-460
OBJECTIVE: There is a rich literature confirming the default mode network found compatible with task-induced deactivation regions in normal subjects, but few investigations of alterations of the motor deactivation in patients with intracranial lesions. Therefore, we hypothesized that an intracranial lesion results in abnormal changes in a task-induced deactivation region compared with default mode network, and these changes are associated with specific attributes of allocated regions. METHODS: Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a motor task were obtained from 27 intracranial lesion patients (mean age, 57.3 years; range 15-78 years) who had various kinds of brain tumors. The BOLD fMRI data for each patient were evaluated to obtain activation or deactivation regions. The distinctive deactivation regions from intracranial lesion patients were evaluated by comparing to the literature reports. RESULTS: There were additive deactivated regions according to intracranial lesions: fusiform gyrus in cavernous hemangioma; lateral occipital gyrus in meningioma; crus cerebri in hemangiopericytoma; globus pallidus, lateral occipital gyrus, caudate nucleus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, claustrum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus in GBM; fusiform gyrus in metastatic brain tumors. CONCLUSION: There is increasing interest in human brain function using fMRI. The authors report the brain function migrations and changes that occur in patients with intracranial lesions.
Basal Ganglia
;
Brain
;
Brain Neoplasms
;
Caudate Nucleus
;
Globus Pallidus
;
Hemangioma, Cavernous
;
Hemangiopericytoma
;
Humans
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Meningioma
;
Oxygen
;
Substantia Nigra
;
Subthalamic Nucleus
9.The Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty for Femur Neck Fractures in the Elderly.
Jae Hwan CHO ; Chang Hyun RYU ; Kye Young HAN
Hip & Pelvis 2013;25(3):197-202
PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of total hip replacement arthroplasty (THRA) for the treatment of femur neck fractures in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Femur neck fracture patients older than70 years of age, who showed good preoperative walking ability without dementia,and underwent THRA between February, 2008 and March, 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Twelve patients(13 hips) were enrolled and the mean ages of the patients were 79.4(70-91). The mean follow-up period was 31(20-49) months. The modified Koval index was used to determine the clinical outcome. Inclination and anteversion of acetabular cup, loosening, osteolysis, periprosthetic fractures and dislocations were evaluated using the radiographs. RESULTS: The modified Koval index decreased from 4.92 to 4.84 at the final follow-up, but the decrease was not significant (P=0.339). Dislocations occurred in 2 cases postoperatively(2/13, 15.4%). No other complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: The THRA for the treatment of femur neck fractures in elderly patients over 70 years of age showed satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes. Nevertheless, caution should be taken regarding the relatively high incidence of postoperative dislocations.
Aged*
;
Arthroplasty*
;
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip*
;
Dislocations
;
Femoral Neck Fractures*
;
Femur Neck*
;
Femur*
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Osteolysis
;
Periprosthetic Fractures
;
Retrospective Studies
;
Walking
10.Arytenoid dislocation after uneventful endotracheal intubation: a case report.
Tak Kyu OH ; Jung Yeon YUN ; Chang Hwan RYU ; Yu Na PARK ; Nam Woo KIM
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 2016;69(1):93-96
Arytenoid dislocation is an unusual complication of endotracheal intubation. We reported a case of a 48-year-old female with arytenoid dislocation after uneventful endotracheal intubation, which was successfully treated with arytenoid reduction. The patient complained of persistent hoarseness until the fourth day after an uneventful gynecologic surgery under general anesthesia. On laryngoscopic examination, paralyzed left vocal cord with minimal arytenoid movement was observed. An anteromedial dislocation of the left arytenoid cartilage was suspected and surgical reduction was performed by the laryngologist. The hoarseness was immediately resolved after surgical intervention. Anesthesiologists should be careful not to cause laryngeal trauma in anesthetized patients. In addition, early diagnosis and prompt surgical reduction are essential for a better prognosis for arytenoid dislocation.
Anesthesia, General
;
Arytenoid Cartilage
;
Dislocations*
;
Early Diagnosis
;
Female
;
Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
;
Hoarseness
;
Humans
;
Intubation
;
Intubation, Intratracheal*
;
Middle Aged
;
Prognosis
;
Vocal Cords