No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Parents* ; Psychopathology*

OBJECTIVES: Phencyclidine(PCP) or PCP-like substances such as ketamine have been know to rekindle the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. The aims of this study were to identify whether PCP-like substances can produce cognitive deficit in schizophrenia, to discuss relation with aging process, and finally to speculate underlying neurochemical mecha-nisms by various drug responses. METHODS: In experiment I, radial maze tests were done in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 days to get baseline data. Being divided into 4 groups(6 rats respectively) of normal aged, normal adult controls, atropine-treated and ketamine-treated, the radial maze tests were repeated on every week for 6 weeks, and then the rats were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion with phosphate-buffered 10% formaldehyde solution for histology. The brain specimen was stained with hematoxylin-eosin to count cells in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In experiment II, radial maze tests were done for 48 rats before any drug treatment and only after ketamine administration. Thereafter, haloperidol, bromocriptine, clonidine, nimodipine, tacrine, valproic acid, naloxone and fluoxetine were intramuscularly injected on every other day in addition to ketamine. Radial maze tests were repeated on every week for 6 weeks, and then rats were prepared by the same procedure for histology. RESULTS: 1) Reaction times of radial maze tests of atropine-treated rats were significantly prolonged than those of normal aged(p<0.05) or normal adult controls(p<0.05). Cell numbers of prefrontal cortex & hippocampus in ketamine-treated rats were significantly reduced than those in normal aged(p<0.05) or normal adult controls(p<0.005). 2) Reduced cell numbers by ketamine became significantly raised by tacrine administration in prefrontal cortex $ hippocampus(p<0.05), while there were no significant changes on radial maze test. Cell numbers also tended to be raised by nimodipine, fluoxetine and haloperidol administration. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the visuospatial memory disorders in ketamine-induced psychotic rats might be partly associated with aging process. Furthermore, the responses to the various drugs suggested cholinergic system might have an important role in the neurochemical mechanism of the cognitive dysfunction in ketamine-induced psychosis. Otherwise, calcium metabolism as well as serotonergic and dopaminergic systems seemed to be possibly related.
Acetylcholine ; Adult ; Aging* ; Animals* ; Brain ; Bromocriptine ; Calcium ; Cell Count ; Clonidine ; Fluoxetine ; Formaldehyde ; Haloperidol ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Memory Disorders ; Metabolism ; Models, Animal* ; Naloxone ; Nimodipine ; Perfusion ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Psychotic Disorders ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reaction Time ; Schizophrenia* ; Tacrine ; Valproic Acid

Fracture of the tibial shaft is one of the most common fractures of the long bones and frequently followed by malunion, delayed union and nonunion. We experienced the cases of further increase in the angulation after clinical union of the tibial shaft fractures treated by conservative method. So we analyzed 39 cases of tibial shaft fractures which were followed up from 12 weeks to 37 weeks after clinical union in adults. The results were as follows; l. 7 of the 39 cases(18%) showed the increase in the angulation, and all of them were male. 2. Increase in the angulation occurred more frequenlty in the comminuted fractures than simple fractures. 3. The increment of angulation was more marked in group of patients with higher angulation at the time of clinical union. 4. Increase in the angulation occurred more commonly in the cases not associated with fibula fracture than in the cases associated with fibula fracture. 5. Further increase in the angulation was less common in the cases in whom early weight bearing with PTB cast was started.
Adult ; Fibula ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

Neurofibromatosis(NF) is a disorder characterized by its relative commonness, variability, and heterogeneity. It is usually expressed as a generalized form, but is rarely localized in a limited part of the body as a segmental form. In 1981, Riccardi classified NF into 8 types and a segmental form (type V) was defined by limitation of cafe-au-lait spots and/or neurofibroma on a given unilateral segment of the body. Recently we came across two cases of typical segmental neurofibromatosis. The First case was a 53-year-old woman with localized neurofibromatosis on the right T8,9 dermatome. The Second case was a 34-year-old man with localized neurofibromatosis on the right T5,6 dermatome. There were no cafe-au-lait spots, axillary frecklings, Lisch nodules or a family history in both cases. We report these rare cases with a literature review.
Adult ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Population Characteristics

The courses of the progression in the fibrous dysplasia are characterized by asymptomatic progression or spontaneous regression in some cases after the growth has ceased and the aims of treatment for a fibrous dysplasia are prevention of the pathologic fractures and correction of the deformities. The osteogenic potentiality of the cambium layer in the periosteum and the beneficial effect on the osteogenesis of the impregnating bone graft with autologous red marrow are well documented. We experienced an extensive fibrous dysplasia with cortical thinning and pathologic fracture and it was managed with subperiosteal combined xenograft of Kiel bone with autologous red marrow for the induction of cortical thickening and prevention of the pathologic fractures because of the inoperability of curettage due to extensive lesion over the entire femur, limitations in obtaining large amount of autogenous cancellous bone for the graft and lack of the facilities of the bone bank. This subperiosteal composite xenograft with autologous red marrow for a fibrous dysplasia gave an excellent result of a remarkable cortical thickening and we think this can be a type of management for a entensive fibrous dysplasia. So we are reporting this case with bibliographic reviews.
Bone Banks ; Bone Marrow ; Cambium ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Curettage ; Femur ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Heterografts ; Osteogenesis ; Periosteum ; Transplants

Wide resection is an acceptable alternative to amputation for the management of primary sarcomas of the long bones or pelvis. The resected bone can be debrided of gross tumor tissue, autoclaved, and than replaced to reconstruct the limb anatomically. The procedure can be combined with prosthetic reconstruction of adjacent joints with sufficient strength to allow early unprotected weight-bearing. We had an experience of a large segmental defect in the shaft of the humerus after wide resection due to.a low grade malignant chondrosarcoma without extension to the surrounding soft tissues and this case had been managed by reimplantation after autoclaving the locally resected segment and autogenous iliac bone graft with a sound union and the favorable functional outcomes. So we are reporting this case with bibliographic reviews as a possible method of reconstruction for the management of the segmental defect which was produced by a local resection for a low grade malignancy.
Amputation ; Chondrosarcoma ; Extremities ; Humerus ; Joints ; Methods ; Pelvis ; Replantation ; Sarcoma ; Transplants ; Weight-Bearing

Since osseous healing in the fracture of the femoral neck is carried out by endosteal bone formation, the size of contact area of the fracture fragments and impaction are of prime importance. It is not uncommon to be faced with the problem of back out of the internal fixation devices during healing period. It seems unnecessary to emphasize the benefit of sliding to close the gap between the fracture fragments. We report a retrospective study of 25 cases of the femoral neck fractures treated by closed reduction and fixation with multiple Knowles pins, paying particular attention to the amount and duration of sliding back out of the fixation devices and relating these to the final results of fracture union. Our clinical study led us to the following conclusions; 1. The shortoning of the femoral neck over 3mm occurred in 16 cases(64%) out of 25 cases. The average amount of back out of Knowles pin is 6mm. 2. Most of the shortening occurred during the first 8 weeks after surgery and extrusion of the nail is frequent findings in unstable fractures and osteoporoses. 3. Backing out over 12 weeks after surgery was associated frequently with delayed union and non-union. 4. Collapse or shortening is nceessary to promote a bone to bone contact and bone healing.
Clinical Study ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Internal Fixators ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies

Accessory tragi are rare congenital malformations of the external ear. They are present from birth and appear as solitary or multiple papules located between the pretragal and sternoclavicular regions. Accessory tragi may be multiple but are almost always unilateral and rarely bilateral. We report two cases of bilateral accessory tragus and a typical case of unilat,eral accessory tragus manifesting as skin-colored papules on the preauricular area.
Ear, External ; Parturition

A 51-year-old Korean woman presented with a non-tender, well-demarcated, reddish, edematous patch on the right anterior chest where a previous mastectomy and radiation therapy had been performed. She had been diagnosed as having infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the right breast about 1 year ago. Histopathological findings of the skin lesions were consistent with inflammatory metastatic carcinoma of the breast. Inflammatory carcinoma or carcinoma erysipeloides is a well-established entity most frequently associated with carcinoma of the breast. It is characterized by dermal lymphatic invasion by malignancy and clinically should be distinguished from erysipelas or cellulitis. We describe a case of inflammatory metastatic carcinoma derived from an infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast which can be clinically confused with radiation dermatitis.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Cellulitis ; Dermatitis ; Erysipelas ; Erysipeloid ; Female ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; Thorax