Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by decrease of bone matrix, resulting in generally reduced bone mass, and the diagnosis and grading of progression are assessed by many methods. There are Singh Index as a simplest method, for grading the trabecular pattern of the femur in pelvis anteroposterior X-ray, and the recently developed Dual Photon Absorptiometry which measures the bone mineral contents in the lumbar spine(L2-L4), femur neck, Ward's triangle and trochanteric area. Study for correlation between the Singh index and bone mineral contents measurements by Dual Photon Absorptiometry was performed in 36 normal Korean persons and 35 persons with osteoporosis. The results and conclusion were as follows; 1. A significant difference in bone mineral density at each area was noted between the control group and osteoporosis group. 2. A significant difference in Singh Index at each area was noted between the control group and osteoporosis group. 3. Positive correlation was noted between the mineral density and Singh Index. 4. We think Singh Index is a useful method in the diagnosis and grading of progression of osteoporosis.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Bone Matrix ; Diagnosis ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Methods ; Miners ; Osteoporosis ; Pelvis

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10* ; Molecular Biology*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency and clinical characteristics of premenstrual syndrome(PMS)/premenstrual dysphoric disorder(PMDD) in high school students, and determine the correlates of PMS/PMDD in association with comorbid depression and anxiety. METHODS: A total of 1688 students were recruited from 5 high schools in Seoul, Korea. Subjects completed the questionnaire composed of scales to measure premenstrual symptoms, depression, and anxiety, as well as sociodemographic and reproductive variables. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups by using the Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool(PSST) to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of PMS/PMDD. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of PMS/PMDD. RESULTS: The frequency of moderate to severe PMS and PMDD was 20.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Irritability (78.8%), fatigue(76.4%), and emotional sensitivity(69.8%) were common premenstrual symptoms, and functional impairment in academic performance(67.1%) was dominant. Dysmenorrhea[odd ratio(OR)=3.68, 95% confidence interval(CI) 2.45-5.55], family history of PMS(OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.35-2.71), and use of oral contraceptive (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.16-2.94) were associated with the increased risk of PMS/PMDD after adjustment for depression and anxiety. Negative attitude to menses(OR=15.60, 95% CI 3.61-67.42) was associated with the increased risk of PMS/PMDD, particularly in subjects without depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: PMS was common, as the frequency of PMS more than moderate severity including PMDD exceeded 25%, and disrupted daily functioning in adolescents. PMS is associated with various sociodemographic and menstrual characteristics, and these associations are affected by comorbid depression and anxiety.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Mass Screening ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Questionnaires ; Weights and Measures

In the treatment of malleolar fracture, anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation are essential to prevent the complications such as infection, malunion or nonunion, traumatic arthritis, skin necrosis and joint contracture. But it is often difficult to obtain rigid fixation for medial malleolar fracture because of its comminution or thin cortex with osteoporosis. Generally, two operative methods are available for medial malleolar fracture, which are malleolar lag screw fixation and tension band wiring. The purpose of this paper is to analyze which operative method is better for anatomical reduction and rigid fixation and has less postoperative complications for medial malleolar fractures. From March 1992 through March 1995, 88 patients had undergone surgical intervention for medial malleolar fractures. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to operative method for medial malleolar fracture. For one group, malleolar lag screw together with or without a K-wire was used in 48 patients, and for the other group, tension band wiring was used in 40 patients. The average follow-up periods were 14 months in screw fixation group and 13 months in tension band wiring group. The average union time were 15.4 weeks (8-17 weeks) in screw fixation group and 12.2 weeks (6-15 weeks) in tension band wiring group. 27 cases (56%) showed excellent result in screw fixation group and 30 cases (75%) in tension band wiring group. In the patient over 50 years old, 2 (15%) in 13 cases showed excellent result of screw fixation group, while 5 (45%) in 11 cases of tension band wiring group. We concluded that tension band wiring is a better method for medial malleolar fracture to obtain early union and to prevent postoperative complications, especially in the elderly patient.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Contracture ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Skin

Cerebral CT findings were described in twenty-six cases with the late sequelae of acute carbon monoxidepoisoning and were compared with the neurological symptoms and signs. The CT findins include symmetricalperiventricular white matter low density in five cases, globus pallidus low denstiy in six cases, ventriculardilatation in seven cases, ventircular dilatation and sulci widening in three cases, and normal findings in tencases. Only one case showed low densities in both periventricular white matter and globus pallidus, Late sequelaeof the interval form of carbon monoxide poisoning were clinically categorized as cortical dysfunction,parkinsonian feature, and cerebellar dysfunction. The severity of the clinical symptoms and sings of neurologialsequelae is generally correlated with presence and multiplicity of abnormal brain CT findings. But CT. Anothercase showing small unilateral low density of globus pallidus had no parkinsonian feature but showed mild corticaldysfunction.
Brain ; Brain Diseases ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Carbon Monoxide ; Carbon ; Cerebellar Diseases ; Dilatation ; Globus Pallidus ; White Matter

This report describes clinical cases of a palato-gingival groove on a maxillary lateral incisor with associated localized periodontal disease and pulp necrosis. The tooth of the first case was extracted because of severe bone destruction. The palato-gingival groove of the second case was eliminated using a round bur, and the resulting defect was filled with synthetic graft and covered by an absorbable membrane. Both diagnosis and treatment of palato-gingival groove were very difficult and usually extraction of the involved tooth is the treatment of choice, but combined endodontic-periodontic treatment allowed the tooth to be saved.
Dental Pulp Necrosis ; Diagnosis ; Incisor* ; Membranes ; Periodontal Diseases ; Tooth ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Humans*

We compared the clinical performance of central 24-2(C-24-2 test) and central 30-2 full threshold test(C-30-2 test) in detecting glaucomatous visual field defect. Thirty glaucoma patients underwent automated perimetry were enrolled. One eye of each patient was examined with both C-24-2 test and C-30-2 test by a simple crossover design. MD, CPSD, SF, test time and number of question asked were compared using two tests. Whether the differences between two tests would be related to the order of test, the duration between two tests, patient's age, and the degree of visual field loss were performed. C-24-2 test showed 24.4% saving in test time(p<0.001), a lower number of question asked(p<0.001) as well as a increase of MD(0.68+/-1.43dB)(p=0.02). CPSD and SF showed no significant differences between two tests(p>0.05). The increase in MD in C-24-2 test was not related to patient`s age, order of tests, the duration between two tests and degree of visual field defect(p>0.05). In conclusion, C-24-2 test reduced test time and increased MD compared to C-30-2 test. It is suggested that the conventional C-30-2 test can be replaced with C-24-2 test without compromising the reliability and ability to detect localized defects.
Cross-Over Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of preoperative fatty degeneration of deltoid and teres minor muscles on the clinical outcome in patient with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). METHODS: Nineteen patients with RTSA were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 16.1 months. The fatty degeneration of three distinct parts in each deltoid and the teres minor muscle was measured using a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Postoperatively, the muscle strengths for forward elevation (FE), abduction (Abd), and external rotation (ER) were measured using a myometer at the last follow-up. The parameters for clinical outcome were Constant Score (CS) and Korean Shoulder Score (KSS). RESULTS: The number of cases was 10 in group 1 and 9 in group 2. The strength of FE and Abd were significantly higher in group 1 (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively), and the strength of ER was not different significantly between two groups (p=0.065). For the clinical outcome, both CS and KSS were higher in group 1 (p=0.002 and p=0.002, respectively). The number of patients in group A was 11, and group B was 8. Although there was not a significant difference in terms of FE and Abd between group A and B (p=0.091, p=0.238), ER was significantly higher in group A (p=0.012). We did not find a significant difference in the clinical scores (CS, p=0.177 and KSS, p=0.238). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the importance of a preoperative evaluation of the fatty degeneration of deltoid and teres minor muscles for predicting postoperative strength and clinical outcome.
Arthroplasty* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles* ; Shoulder*

Fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology (FNA) for diagnosis of a variety of breast tum- ors has been proven to be a simple, safe, and cost saving diagnostic methodology with high accuracy. Cytologic specimens from 1,029 fine needle aspirations of the breast during last 3-year period were reviewed and subsequent biopsies from 107 breast lesions were reevaluated for cytohistological correlation. FNA had a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 98.3%. One out of 107 cases bio- psied revealed a false positive result (0.9%) and the case was due to misinterpretation of apocrine metaplastic cells in necrotic backgound as malignant cells. A false negative rate was 8.4% (9 of 107 cases biopsied). Six of 9 false negative cases were resulted from insufficient aspirates for diagnosis, and remaining three of 9 false negative cases revealed extensive necrosis with no or scanty viable cells on smears. The results indicate that for reducing false positive and false negative rates of FNA, an experienced cytopathologist and a proficient aspirator are of great importance.
Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; Aspirations (Psychology) ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Child* ; Cost Savings ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Needles ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*