No abstract available.
Sarcoma*

BACKGROUND: Breast reconstruction has become more common as mastectomy has become more frequent. In Korea, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) began covering breast reconstruction in April 2015. This study aimed to investigate trends in mastectomy and breast reconstruction over the past 10 years and to evaluate the impact of NHIS coverage on breast reconstruction. METHODS: Nationwide data regarding mastectomy and breast reconstruction were collected from the Korean Breast Cancer Society registry database. Multiple variables were analyzed in the records of patients who underwent breast reconstruction from January 2005 to March 2017 at a single institution. RESULTS: At Seoul National University Hospital, the total number of reconstruction cases increased 13-fold from 2005 to 2016. The proportion of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) cases out of all cases of total mastectomy increased from 4% in 2005 to 52.0% in 2016. The proportion of delayed breast reconstruction (DBR) cases out of all cases of breast reconstruction and the overall number of DBR cases increased from 8.8% (20 cases) in 2012 to 18.3% (76 cases) in 2016. After NHIS coverage was initiated, the proportions of IBR and DBR showed statistically significant increases (P < 0.05). Among the IBR cases, the percentage of prosthesis-based reconstructions increased significantly (P < 0.05), but this trend was not found with DBR. Total mastectomy became significantly more common after the expansion of NHIS coverage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Over the last decade, there has been an increase in mastectomy and breast reconstruction, and the pace of increase accelerated after the expansion of NHIS coverage. It is expected that breast reconstruction will be a routine option for patients with breast cancer under the NHIS.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance ; Korea ; Mammaplasty* ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Simple ; National Health Programs* ; Seoul

The genetically determined CYP2D6 activity is considered to be associated with cancer susceptibility with inter-individual variation. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) was determined by the two polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and BstN1 and EcoN1 restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP) for 67 lung cancer cases and 95 healthy volunteer controls. The cases were composed of 26 squamous cell carcinoma, 14 small cell carcinoma, 10 adenocarcinoma, 3 large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, and 14 not histologically diagnosed. The results were gained from the 142 subjects (57 cases and 85 controls) who observed successfully in two PCR and BstN1/EcoN1 RFLP. Only one and no mutant allele of the CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) gene was detected, that is, the frequency of mutant allele was very low; 0.7%(1/142) and 0%(0/142), respectively. Detected mutant allele of the CYP2D6(B) was heterozygous type(WM). The odds ratios for lung cancer susceptibility with CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) genotype were not calculated. These results are similar to the previous understanding that the mutant allele is very rare in Orientals compared to Caucasians, therefore, it considered that CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) genotypes have maybe no association with lung cancer susceptibility in Koreans. This is the basic data of CYP2D6(B) and CYP2D6(T) genotypes for Koreans. It would be hepful for further study to determine lung cancer susceptibility of Koreans with the data about CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1 from future study.
Adenocarcinoma ; Alleles ; Carcinoma ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; Genotype ; Healthy Volunteers ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Odds Ratio ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Purpose: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a member of the superfamily of polypeptides, which control cell cycle progression and a variety of other cellular activities. TGF-beta1 has been implicated as an effector of the induction of apoptosis in response to 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (5ARI) and; therefore, causes a decrease in the prostate volume. We investigated the effect of 5ARI in the expression of TGF-beta1 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Materials and Methods: 50 patients diagnosed with BPH were divided into two groups. The control group (n=30), in which a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was performed without medication, and the 5ARI group (n=20), who were administrated with 5 mg of 5ARI daily for at least 3 months, followed by TURP. The resected specimens were stained with anti-rabbit TGF-beta1 polyclonal antibody using immunofluoroscent staining. The expression of TGF-beta1 was analyzed with a confocal laser scanning microscope and an image analyzer. The mRNA level of TGF-beta1 was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: There were no statistical differences in the patient characteristics, including age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and prostate volume, between the two groups. The expression of TGF-beta1 was demonstrated in the luminal epithelium and smooth muscle cells in BPH. TGF-beta1 was more strongly expressed in the luminal epithelium of both groups, and in the 5ARI group than the control (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that 5ARI up-regulates the expression of TGF-beta1 in BPH patients, and may a play role as an inhibitor in the proliferation of BPH through the TGF-beta1 signal pathway.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Peptides ; Phenobarbital ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; RNA, Messenger ; Signal Transduction ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

PURPOSE: Nasogastric (NG) decompression has traditionally been used following gastrectomy with extended lymph node dissection in patients with gastric cancer. A prospective randomized study of 133 patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery was performed in order to determine the necessity of routine NG decompression. METHODS: Between July 1999 and July 2000, 133 patients with gastric cancer were randomly assigned to one of two groups: NG group (n=69)-NG decompression was maintained postoperatively until a resumption of bowel function; No-NG group (n=64)-NG tube was not inserted at all, either pre- or postoperatively. RESULTS: The times to return of bowel sounds, passage of flatus and start of oral intake were all significantly (P<0.001) shortened in the No-NG group. The length of operating time and postoperative hospital stay were also decreased in the No-NG group (P<0.001). Two patients in each group (2.9% in NG and 3.1% in No-NG group) required subsequent NG decompression. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the presence of postoperative fever, nausea, vomiting, anastomotic leakage, pulmonary or wound complications between the two groups. There was no postoperative mortality in either group. CONCLUSION: We concluded that routine NG decompression is not necessary in elective gastric cancer surgery, even in the presence of gastric outlet obstruction.
Anastomotic Leak ; Decompression* ; Fever ; Flatulence ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mortality ; Nausea ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Vomiting ; Wounds and Injuries

Thymic carcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the thymic epithelium, distinguished from benign or invasive thymoma by the presence of malignant cytology and a greater incidence of local invasion and embolic metastases. The true incidence of this neoplasm is unknown. Nearly three fourth of their patients had symptoms of an anterior mediastinal mass, including cough, chest pain, and superior vena cava syndrome. These patients rarely have myasthenia gravis or other thymoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes. The treatment of thymic carcinoma remains a controversial matter. We report eight cases of thymic carcinoma treated in our institution from 1990 to 1997.
Chest Pain ; Cough ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mediastinum ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome ; Thymoma*

Congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP) is a very rare congenital heart disease. Here, we report a case of neonatal HCMP, which was confirmed by two-dimensional echocardiography and autopsy. The HCMP rapidly progressed and the patient's condition deteriorated, despite the treatment for congestive heart failure.
Autopsy ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Echocardiography ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to evaluate retrospectively the clinical results of surgery for the rectal villous adenoma. METHODS: The study took place from the period of Mar. of 1988 to Feb. 1998 at the Dept. of Surgery, Sungkyunkwan Univ., Medical college. The study consisted of : Among the 97 cases diagnosed with colon & rectal villous adenoma, and 59 were rectal villous adenoma, and 42 cases underwent resection. We focused on these 42 cases, especially on the position of tumor, its size, surgical technique, histologic results & keeping close follow up post-surgically. RESULTS: The sex ratio was 2:1 with male predominence, 18 cases were in their fifties with the average age of 55. In 30 cases, the lesion was situated within the 8 cm of anal verge. The average size of tumor was 3.64 cm. The applied methods were; rectotomy 19 cases, anterior resection 13 cases (including low anterior resection), endoscopic excision and transanal excision were 7 cases, and 2 cases, respectively. And in one case where the tumor size was 14.5 cm and which was situated within 3 cm of anal verge, Miles' operation was conducted. Death due to post-operative complication was not observed. 2 cases of wound infection in postoperation, one case of transient urinary incontinence & hematoma were found. And in the case of explo-laparotomy, anastomosis site leakage, in one case, anastomosis site stricture in 2 cases were noted. malignant cells were observed in total of 73.8%, among these, 80% were from villous adenoma, 70% from tubullovillous adenoma. In the case of tumor size less 1 cm, and tumor size greater than 1 cm, the probability of finding malignant lesion were 33.3% and 76.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that wideexcision through York-Mason approach is a safe and effective technique for huge villous adenomas of the rectum.
Adenoma ; Adenoma, Villous* ; Colon ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Histological Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Rectum ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Urinary Incontinence ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: To describe the CT findings of portal vein aneurysm in eight patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Allpatients included in this study (two men and six women) under went CT examinations between October 1996 and June1998. Of these eight, three were suffering from hepatic disease and portal hypertension. We determined thelocation, shape, size, and characteristics of the lesions, and the presence or ab-sence of portal vein anomaly. RESULTS: S even patients had intrahepatic portal vein aneurysm (at the umbilical por-tion of the left portal veinin five patients, between the transverse and umbilical por-tion of the left portal vein in one, and at thebifurcation of the anterior and posterior branch of the right portal vein in one), while extrahepatic portal veinaneurysm, at the confluence of the superior mesenteric and splenic vein was found in only one. Lesions werecyst-shaped in seven cases and saccular in one, and showed well - circum scribed, markedly enhanced mass, whichcommunicated with the portal vein and/or gives off major branches. Portal vein anomaly, in which the rightanterior segmental portal vein originated from the umbilical portion of the left portal vein, was seen in threepatients. In all three, intrahepatic portal vein aneurysm was present at the umbilical portion of the left portalvein, and in one, the umbilical portion of the left portal vein was located to the right of the Cantlie line. CONCLUSION: CT examination can help reveal portal vein aneurysm by detectinga well - circumscribed, markedlyenhanced mass which communicates with the portal vein and/or gives off major branches.
Aneurysm* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Male ; Portal Vein* ; Splenic Vein

Fat necrosis in transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous(TRAM) flaps is considered to be primarily affected by blood supply. Unreliability of blood supply in zone II has been claimed for years but no accurate comparison has been reported between fat necrosis in zone II and III. A prospective study about the incidences and extent of fat necrosis in zone II and III was designed, comparing relative vascularity between zone II and III. Immediate breast reconstructions after modified radical mastectomy or skin sparing mastectomy were performed in 150 consecutive patients with unipedicled TRAM flaps and 138 contralateral and 12 ipsilateral rectus muscles were used as pedicles. Twenty-one patients(14 percent) suffered from fat necrosis and 22 fat necroses were diagnosed in total. 17 fat necroses occurred in zone II, 3 in zone III and 2 in zone I. The incidence of fat necrosis in zone II was significantly higher than zone III, which was consistent with previous studies claiming poor vascularity of zone II. Therefore placing zone I and zone III medially and zone II laterally after discarding part of zone II will cause less deformity of reconstructed breast if resection of necrotized tissue is needed.
Breast ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fat Necrosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Muscles ; Prospective Studies* ; Rectus Abdominis ; Skin