No abstract available.
Aged* ; Antihypertensive Agents* ; Humans ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Disease Management* ; Hypertension*

No abstract available.
Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Obesity*

No abstract available.
Peptic Ulcer Perforation* ; Peptic Ulcer*

Adolescence is the period in which physical, mental and social maturation occurs and it is an important transit stage, changing from childhood to adulthood. This is a period in which important changes occur physically such as rapid growth in height and weight gain but significant differences in growth may occur for the same age. Therfore, the degree of sexual maturation may be an important indicator in evaluating growth in adolescence. Six thousand five hundred and eighty six male and female students from grade 4 to senior high from Seoul, district town and countryside were evaluated for sexual maturity using Tanner staging, weight, height and body mass index and compared for growth. There was a rapid growth in height of 6.7cm in boys between the ages of 11 and 14 years and 6.3 cm in height for girls between the ages of 10 and 12 years, showing earlier growth in height for girls. Growth in height according to sexual maturation showed the greatest growth during stages 2~3 for boys and girls. Boys grew an average of 18.94 cm and girls an average of 18.03 cm in height during the whole sexual maturation period. There was an increase of 5.5 kg in weight for boys during the same age as for growth in height, that is between 11 and 14 years of age. In girls, an average weight gain of 5.1 kg occurred between 11 and 13 years of age, slightly later than that of growth in height. Rapid gain in weight occurred during Tanner stages 2~3 for girls. Total gain of 20.70 kg for boys occurred during the whole sexual maturation period while girls gained total 19.73 kg. Body mass index increased gradually during the whole adolescent period. It was greater in boys during the ages of 9 and 12 years and greater in girls the age of 13 years and again in boys after 17 years of age. During the whole maturation period, boys gained 3.24 and girls, 4.05 of body mass index showing more gain in girls. Height, weight and body mass index showed normal variations during the sexual maturation index showed normal variations during the sexual maturation period and the results may bring an increased understanding that adolescent physical growth was closely related to sexual maturation.
Adolescent* ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul ; Sexual Maturation* ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans

Recently several kinds of new antihypertensive agents were introduced. Diuretics such as indapamide, metyrazone and eprelerone have less side effects compared to thiazide, and have an effect in renal insufficiency. Carvedilol, combined alpha- and beta- adrenergic blocker, has a vasodilating property and an effect on heart failure. The lipid soluble third generation calcium antagonists such as amlodipine, lacidipine and lercardipine are slow onset and long acting and have less side effects, which provide continued effect even if daily doses are missed. Multiple angiotensin converting inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, and the specific aldosterone antagonist eprenolone to block renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are now available. Additionally new class antihypertensive drugs such as the vasopeptidase inhibitor, the endothelin receptor blocker and the renin inhibitor have been under investigation and shown favorable clinical results, and will be available for clinical use soon.
Adrenergic Antagonists ; Aldosterone ; Amlodipine ; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists ; Angiotensins ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Calcium ; Diuretics ; Heart Failure ; Hypertension* ; Indapamide ; Receptors, Endothelin ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renin ; Renin-Angiotensin System

Hypertension syndrome is a complex set of hemodynamic maladaptations that include stiff central arteries with pressure amplification, arteriolar constriction, microcirculatory rarefaction, metabolic abnormalities, cardiac hypertrophy and increased blood pressure variability. Cardiovascular aging in hypertension is accompanied by isolated systolic hypertension and an increased pulse pressure due to the increased central arterial stiffness, and patients with this malady have higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. Systolic hypertension causes endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis/arteriosclerosis, so that the aortic compliance is reduced and the small resistance arteries are constricted with inward eutrophic remodeling. Central arterial stiffness increases the SBP variability and also the blunt aortocarotid baroreflex, which can cause orthostatic hypotension.
Aging* ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Baroreflex ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiomegaly ; Compliance ; Constriction ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Mortality ; Vascular Stiffness

No abstract available.

The J-curve effect describes an inverse relation between low blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular complications. This effect is more pronounced in patients with preexisting coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension or left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The recent large clinical outcomes trials have observed a J-curve effect between a diastolic BP of 70-80 mmHg as well as a systolic BP <130 mmHg. The J-curve phenomenon does not appear in stroke or renal disease. This is because the coronary arteries are perfused during diastole, but the cerebral and renal perfusion mainly occurs in systole. Therefore, caution should be taken to maintain the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at minimum of 70 mmHg and possibly to maintain the DBP between 80-85 mmHg in patients with severe LVH, CAD or vascular diseases. BP control in high-risk elderly patients should be carefully done as undergoing aggressive therapy to lower the systolic blood pressure below 140 mmHg can cause cardiovascular complications due to the severely reduced DBP and increased pulse pressure.
Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diastole ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Hypotension ; Perfusion ; Stroke ; Systole ; Vascular Diseases