No abstract available.
Denture, Complete* ; Finite Element Analysis* ; Tooth, Artificial*

Adolescence is the period in which physical, mental and social maturation occurs and it is an important transit stage, changing from childhood to adulthood. This is a period in which important changes occur physically such as rapid growth in height and weight gain but significant differences in growth may occur for the same age. Therfore, the degree of sexual maturation may be an important indicator in evaluating growth in adolescence. Six thousand five hundred and eighty six male and female students from grade 4 to senior high from Seoul, district town and countryside were evaluated for sexual maturity using Tanner staging, weight, height and body mass index and compared for growth. There was a rapid growth in height of 6.7cm in boys between the ages of 11 and 14 years and 6.3 cm in height for girls between the ages of 10 and 12 years, showing earlier growth in height for girls. Growth in height according to sexual maturation showed the greatest growth during stages 2~3 for boys and girls. Boys grew an average of 18.94 cm and girls an average of 18.03 cm in height during the whole sexual maturation period. There was an increase of 5.5 kg in weight for boys during the same age as for growth in height, that is between 11 and 14 years of age. In girls, an average weight gain of 5.1 kg occurred between 11 and 13 years of age, slightly later than that of growth in height. Rapid gain in weight occurred during Tanner stages 2~3 for girls. Total gain of 20.70 kg for boys occurred during the whole sexual maturation period while girls gained total 19.73 kg. Body mass index increased gradually during the whole adolescent period. It was greater in boys during the ages of 9 and 12 years and greater in girls the age of 13 years and again in boys after 17 years of age. During the whole maturation period, boys gained 3.24 and girls, 4.05 of body mass index showing more gain in girls. Height, weight and body mass index showed normal variations during the sexual maturation index showed normal variations during the sexual maturation period and the results may bring an increased understanding that adolescent physical growth was closely related to sexual maturation.
Adolescent* ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul ; Sexual Maturation* ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous*

We retrospectively analyzed the Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging findings in 41 cases of histologically proved malignant tumors of oral cariey. The diagnostic value of MR imaging in detection and delineation of the lesions was assessed. The value of MRI was compared with that of Computed Tomography (CT) in 14 patients. Thirty-four cases of 41 malignant tumors were squamous cell carcinomas. Adenoic cystic carcinomas (2 cases), malignant melanomas (2 cases), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (2 cases) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma(1 cases) were also included in this study. Most of the lesions were isointense or slightly hyperintense to muscle on T1 weighted images and showed variable degrees of high signal intensity on T2 weighted images. Two cases of malignant melanomas showed characteristic hyperintensity on T1 weighted images. T2 weighted image was better in detection and delineation of tumor in most of the cases. In 6 cases, Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1 weighted image was better than T2 weighted image. T2 weighted image was useful for the evaluation of deep tissue infiltration and T1 weighted image was useful for the evaluation of bone invasion and superficial tissue plane invasion. The lesion was detected only by MR in 3 cases of 14 in which CT was also performed. MR imaging was more sensitive in the evalustion of bone marrow involvement. MR imaging is very useful modality in evaluating oral cavity malignany and is superior to CT in delineation of the as well as in the evaluation of mandible invasion.
Bone Marrow ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Mandible ; Melanoma ; Mouth* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Urachus*

There are 3 basic methods for surgical treatment of axillary osmidrosis; 1) method that removes only subcutaneous cellular tissue without removing skin 2) method that removes skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue en bloc, and 3) method that partially removes skin and subcutaneous cellular en bloc as well as removing the subcutaneous cellular tissue of the adjacent region. We studied the results of partial removal of the skin and subcutaneous cellular tissue en bloc, as well as the removal of subcutaneous cellular tissue of the adjacent region to compare the results of the bipedicled flap with the graft conversion method. There was no difference between two methods in results and complication rates. There are 3 advantage to this procedure. First, about 70-80% of apocrine glands were centrally distributed among the axillary hairbearing region therefore, resection of the central portion of axillary hair distribution area is important for good result. Second, the preservation of the subdermal plexus with careful excision of adjacent underlying subcutaneous tissue under the aid of the magnifying surgical loupe, is important for good wound healing. Third, the central excision of the axillary hair distribution area provides good exploration for undermining and defatting of the undersurface of the adjacent area, therefore it tooks a shorter operation time.
Apocrine Glands ; Hair ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

A defective HIV-1 helper virus DNA, pHyPC, was assembled by deleting the RNA packaging signal, env, nef and the 3'LTR sequences. HIV-1 like virus particles that carry the HIV-1 receptor, CD4 were generated by coexpression of pHyPC and plasmid DNAs encoding different chimeric CD4 proteins. The CD4 particles, sharing the CD4 ectodomain, precisely fused to different membrane anchors. CD4(+) particles specifically bound to HIV-1 Env expressing cells, but any signs of infection into these cells were not detected. Binding was only partially blocked by either polyclonal anti-CD4 antibodies or by high concentrations of soluble CD4. Suprisingly, CD4(+) particles also adsorbed to HeLa, CHO, NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells in the absence of HIV-1 Env expression. Adsorption was comparable in strength and speed to the highly specific CD4-Env interaction. CD4(-) particles exhibited only background levels of binding. Cell binding was CD4- dependent, but it was independent of the cell type from which the CD4(+) particles originated. Interestingly, CD4-dependent/Env-independent binding was only found when CD4 was present on virus particles. This suggests that the micro-environment of CD4 on virus particles uniquely expose this new cell binding activity. Its high affinity could explain in part why infection of Env(+) cells by CD4(+) particles was not detected. Further experiments will be required to evlauate whether this strong membrane interaction could represent one step in the multiple-step viral entry process.
Adsorption ; Animals ; Antibodies ; COS Cells ; DNA ; Helper Viruses ; HIV-1* ; Membranes ; Plasmids ; Product Packaging ; RNA ; Virion

Bleomycin, a tumoricidal antibiotic agent, may produce unusual cutaneous manifestations such as pigmentation scleroderma, and gangrene. We report a case of the development of linear streaky pigmentation and cutaneous scleroderma in a patient treated with bleomycin for choriocarcinoma of undescented testis. The patient was 45-year-old male presented with linear brown and slate gray streaking over the trunk and extremities after three cycles of chemotherapy(bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatine). After the fourth cycle of the same chemotherapy, 18 weeks after initiation of bleomycin, the development of cutaneous scleroderma-like conditions was observed involving the same sites. Histopathologic examination showed increased basal pigmentation and thick collagen bundles through the entire dermis, extending to the subcutis. Herein, we describe a case of streaky pigmentation and scleroderma in association with bleomycin anticancer chemotherapy simultaneously in a patient.
Bleomycin* ; Choriocarcinoma ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Etoposide ; Extremities ; Female ; Gangrene ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation* ; Pregnancy ; Testis

The diverse effects of antidepressants on sleep are mediated by their agonistic or antagonistic properties on specific neurotransmitters: the catecholamine, serotonergic, cholinergic, and histaminergic neurotransmitter systems, which also regulate the timing and cycling of sleep. Therefore, antidepressants can have both class- and compound-specific effects on sleep/wake dynamics, sleep stages, and on motor control during sleep. For these reasons, the sedating or wake-promoting effects of these medications are important factors influencing specific drug selection. As these sleep-related effects may in turn influence both medication compliance as well as the course of the disease state itself, it is important for clinicians to understand and predict the possible effects of antidepressants on sleep. Some antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, doxepine, trazodone, and mirtazapine, possess sedating properties and improve sleep continuity via alpha-1 adrenoceptors and histamine H1 receptor blockade, combined with 5HT(2A/2C) receptor blockade. Other antidepressants, such as SSRI, SNRI and MAOIs, worsen sleep and may cause insomnia, an effect which may be linked to facilitation of 5HT(2A/2C) receptors. The majority of antidepressants are REM (rapid eye movement) suppressants, though some, such as nefazodone, bupropion, and mirtazapine, lack REM-suppressing effects. On the other hand, the effects of antidepressants on slow wave sleep (SWS) are much less consistent than their effects on REM sleep. Available data suggest that antidepressants, including some TCAs, and trazodone, increase SWS, possibly as a function of their 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor antagonism. In contrast, antidepressants lacking 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor antagonist effects, including SSRIs, SNRIs and MAOIs, may produce no change or even decrease in SWS. Knowledge of the effects of antidepressants on sleep will be helpful in estimating the sleep disturbance caused by these compounds, and can thus help in the selection of appropriate compound for individual patients.
Amitriptyline ; Antidepressive Agents* ; Bupropion ; Doxepin ; Hand ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Receptors, Adrenergic ; Receptors, Histamine H1 ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Sleep Stages ; Sleep, REM ; Trazodone

Cesarean hysterectomy remains a necessary procedure for life saving during intractable obstetric hemorrhage. The procedure itself is usually associated with considerable perioperative morbidity, especially when performed under emergency conditions. In this study, the outcomes of 15 cases of cesarean hysterectomy performed at Catholic university of Taegu-Hyosung hospital for 5 years from January, 1993 to December, 1997 were reviewed. There were 22,251 deliveries during this period, cesarean hysterectomy was performed in 13 of 5,753 cesarean section(0.22%) and in 2 of 16,698 vaginal deliveries(0.12%), so more frequently after cesarean section than vaginal deliveries. The age of patients varied from 23 to 39 years old. The higher the age of patients, the higher incidence of cesarean hysterectomy was noted. The most common indication of emergency cesarean hysterectomy was in uterine atony(53.3%), followed by placental disorders(33.3%), uterine rupture(6.7%), and uterine myoma with pregnancy (6.7%). All patients who had cesarean hysterectomy received transfusion from 3 pints to 13 pints. In aspect of fetal outcomes, live birth were 12 cases(80%), one case was fetal death in utero(6.6%), 2 infants were dead during the early neonatal period(13.3%) due to prematurity and RDS (respiratory distress syndrome), so the perinatal mortality rate was 20.0%. The postoperative complications were wound disruption, hematoma, febrile morbidity and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.
Adult ; Cesarean Section ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Hematoma ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Incidence ; Infant ; Leiomyoma ; Live Birth ; Perinatal Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Pregnancy ; Wounds and Injuries