BACKGROUND: This retrospective comparative study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications of two surgical methods for simple fractures of the humeral shaft; minimally invasive anterior plating and open reduction combined with internal fixation. METHODS: A total of 26 patients with humeral shaft simple fractures, who had surgery between June 2009 and September 2013 and were followed-up at least 12 months, were included in our analysis. They were divided into two groups; group 1 comprised of 12 patients who underwent minimally invasive anterior plating and group 2 comprised of 14 patients who underwent an open reduction and internal fixation. The clinical outcomes, radiological results, and complications were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: We found that bone union was achieved in all patients, and the mean union periods were 20.7 +/- 3.34 and 20.3 +/- 3.91 weeks for groups 1 and 2, respectively. In most patients, we found that shoulder and elbow functions were recovered. At 12 months post-operation, we found that the Korean Shoulder Scoring system, the University of California at Los Angeles score and Mayo elbow performance score were 91.4 +/- 7.97, 33.4 +/- 1.15, and 90.8 +/- 2.23 for group 1, and 95.2 +/- 1.53, 33.3 +/- 1.43, and 90.17 +/- 1.85 for group 2. In terms of complications, we found that 2 patients had radial nerve palsy after open reduction and internal fixation, but all cases spontaneously resolved within 6 months. Complications such as infection and loss of fixation were not reported. CONCLUSIONS: Both minimally invasive anterior plating and open reduction with internal fixation produced satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of simple fractures of the humeral shaft.
California ; Elbow ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Humerus* ; Paralysis ; Radial Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to correlate the findings of peripheral hypoechoic rim, seen at transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) in chronic prostatitis patients, with the histopthologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven patients with pathologically proven chronic prostatitis were involved in this study. The conspicuity of the peripheral hypoechoic prostatic rim, seen at TRUS, was prominent and subtle, and to determine its histopathologic nature, the microscopic findings were reviewed. RESULTS: In five of seven cases (71%), TRUS demonstrated a prominent peripheral hypoechoic rim. Microscopic examination revealed that inflammatory cell infiltration of prostatic glandular tissue was severe in three cases (42.9%), moderate in two (28.6%), and minimal in two (28.6%). In all seven cases, the common histopathologic findings of peripheral hypoechoic rim on TRUS were loose stromal tissues, few prostatic glands, and sparse infiltration by inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: The peripheral hypoechoic rim accompanying prostatic inflammation and revealed by TRUS reflects a sparsity of prostate glandular tissue and is thought to be an area in which inflammatory cell infiltration is minimal.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Prostate/*pathology ; Prostatitis/*pathology/*ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: Microcystic meningioma is a rare histological subtype of meningioma, which constitutes about 1.6% of intracranial meningiomas. The authors present the feasibility of preoperative histological diagnosis by characteristic finding of neuroradiologic studies especially magnetic resonance(MR) image. METHODS: Eleven cases were collected retrospectively in the archives of brain tumor registry in the Department of Neurosurgery during recent eight years. There were five men and six women, ranging in age from 37 to 67 years(average, 56.7). All 11 cases had underwent the craniotomy and histological diagnosis of microcystic meningioma had been made. RESULTS: The MR image showed high signal intensity in T2-weighted images and low signal intensity in T1-weighted images. In all cases, peritumoral edema was moderate to severe and location of the masses was in the surface of the brain with dural attachment. MR image after administration of Gd-DTPA showed 2 patterns: pattern I demonstrated homogeneous strong enhancement similar to ordinary meningioma in seven cases and pattern II showed peripheral rim enhancement with low signal intensity inside of tumor masses in four cases. Dural tail sign was seen in all cases. In cerebral angiography, patten I revealed strong vascular tumor staining, however, there was no staining or faint staining in pattern II. CONCLUSION: Preoperative histological diagnosis of microcystic meningioma should be considered by the characteristic findings of MR image. It may help neurosurgeons to avoid of preoperative radiologic misdiagnosis especially concerning the malignancy.
Angiography ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebral Angiography ; Craniotomy ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Edema ; Female ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Male ; Meningioma* ; Neurosurgery ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: This retrospective comparative study aims to evaluate the surgical outcomes and complications of two surgical methods for simple fractures of the humeral shaft; minimally invasive anterior plating and open reduction combined with internal fixation. METHODS: A total of 26 patients with humeral shaft simple fractures, who had surgery between June 2009 and September 2013 and were followed-up at least 12 months, were included in our analysis. They were divided into two groups; group 1 comprised of 12 patients who underwent minimally invasive anterior plating and group 2 comprised of 14 patients who underwent an open reduction and internal fixation. The clinical outcomes, radiological results, and complications were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: We found that bone union was achieved in all patients, and the mean union periods were 20.7 +/- 3.34 and 20.3 +/- 3.91 weeks for groups 1 and 2, respectively. In most patients, we found that shoulder and elbow functions were recovered. At 12 months post-operation, we found that the Korean Shoulder Scoring system, the University of California at Los Angeles score and Mayo elbow performance score were 91.4 +/- 7.97, 33.4 +/- 1.15, and 90.8 +/- 2.23 for group 1, and 95.2 +/- 1.53, 33.3 +/- 1.43, and 90.17 +/- 1.85 for group 2. In terms of complications, we found that 2 patients had radial nerve palsy after open reduction and internal fixation, but all cases spontaneously resolved within 6 months. Complications such as infection and loss of fixation were not reported. CONCLUSIONS: Both minimally invasive anterior plating and open reduction with internal fixation produced satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of simple fractures of the humeral shaft.
California ; Elbow ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; Humerus ; Paralysis ; Radial Nerve ; Retrospective Studies ; Shoulder

Anthracosis mostly occurs at the lung and esophageal anthracosis has rarely been reported. As a result, the pathogenesis and prognosis of esophageal anthracosis is currently unclear. In previous reports, esophageal anthracosis has been mostly observed as relatively flat lesions that require differentiation from malignant melanoma. We report here on a case of esophageal anthracosis with polypoid features in a seventy year old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient had undergone endoscopic examination and a 1 cm sized black polypoid lesion was observed. Pathology revealed macrophages phagocyting black carbon pigments beneath the mucosal epithelium and the diagnosis of esophageal anthracosis was made.
Anthracosis ; Carbon ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Epithelium ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Lung ; Macrophages ; Male ; Melanoma ; Polyps ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: Recurrence of glenohumeral dislocation after arthroscopic Bankart repair can be associated with a large osseous defect in the posterosuperior part of the humeral head. Our hypothesis is that remplissage is more effective to prevent recurrence of glenohumeral instability without a severe motion deficit. METHODS: Engaging Hill-Sachs lesions were observed in 48 of 737 patients (6.5%). Twenty-four patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair combined with remplissage (group I) and the other 24 patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair alone (group II). Clinical outcomes were prospectively evaluated by assessing the range of motion. Complications, recurrence rates, and functional results were assessed utilizing the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Rowe score, and the Korean Shoulder Score for Instability (KSSI) score. Capsulotenodesis healing after remplissage was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The average ASES, Rowe, and KSSI scores were statistically significantly higher in group I than group II. The frequency of recurrence was statistically significantly higher in group II. The average loss in external rotation measured with the arm positioned at the side of the trunk was greater in group II and that in abduction was also higher in group II. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to single arthroscopic Bankart repair, the remplissage procedure combined with arthroscopic Bankart repair was more effective to prevent the recurrence of anterior shoulder instability without significant impact on shoulder mobility in patients who had huge Hill-Sachs lesions.
Arm ; Elbow ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Joint Instability ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prospective Studies ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recurrence ; Shoulder Dislocation ; Shoulder* ; Surgeons

In Kawasaki disease, arthritis may occur, generally affecting the hands, knees, ankles, or hips. Operations have not usually been needed. We report a case of Kawasaki Disease with multiple septic arthritis which was caused by S. pneumoniae and which needed athrotomy with drainage for both hips, both knees, and both ankle joints. A two year, ten-month-old girl was admitted to our pediatric department. She had a high fever for four days, erythema of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa with a "strawberry" tongue and dry, cracked lips and scarlatiniform rash around the neck and in the groin area, perianal desquamation and a nonsuppurative left cervical lymphadenopathy. At first, we diagnosed her condition as typical Kawasaki disease, and treated her with intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) and aspirin. On the sixth admission day, arthralgia developed in both hip joints. She refused to bear weight on the both lower limbs and resisted all passive motion of the hip. An ultrasonogram of the both hip joints revealed an effusion, and four milliliters of grossly purulent material was aspirated from them. Gram staining of this material showed many leukocytes and Gram-positive diplococci. The finding was consistent with septic arthritis. An open arthrotomy of the hip was done and antibiotics prescribed. On the 7th admission day, the findings of multiple athritis were found including ultrasonogram, in both hips, both knees, both ankles, both shoulders, and both elbow joints as well as both wrist joints. The purulent material culture from the left hip and right knee joints' fluid revealed S. pneumoniae. On the 9th and 11th admission day, arthrostomy was performed on the both hips, both knees, and both ankle joints.
Ankle ; Ankle Joint ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Infectious* ; Aspirin ; Drainage ; Elbow Joint ; Erythema ; Exanthema ; Female ; Fever ; Groin ; Hand ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Knee ; Leukocytes ; Lip ; Lower Extremity ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck ; Pneumonia ; Shoulder ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus* ; Tongue ; Ultrasonography ; Wrist Joint

Hepatocyte transplantation is a potential treatment modality for liver diseased patients. Purified hepatocytes stimulates allospecific cytotoxicity by expressing the MHC class I antigen. Also, during cold preservation, hepatocytes are damaged by lipid peroxidation with oxygen free radicals, which may induce apoptosis on cold preserved hepatocyte. For measuring the degree of antigenicity on cold- preserved mice hepatocytes with UW solution, we studied the expression of MHC class I antigen in various time period by FACS and RT-PCR. For analysis of apoptotic hepatocyte death, we studied morphological changes and DNA fragmentation. We used flow cytometry techniques with rhodamine 123,3,3'-dihexiloxadicarbocyanine (DiOC6 (3)) and propidium iodide (PI). DiOC6 (3) is mitochondrial probe to measure the mitochondrial transmembrane potential that drops early in apoptosis. The percentage of cells undergoing chromatinolysis (subdiploid cells) was determined by ethanol fixation followed by RNA digestion and PI staining. The cold preserved hepatocytes expressed MHC class I constitutively, but revealed no significant differences among various preservation period. However, apoptosis of hepatocytes occured progressively during cold preservation. These results provides that the cold preservation of mice hepatocyte induces apoptosis with involvement of an oxidative process, but does not stimulate over expression of MHC class I antigen.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Digestion ; DNA Fragmentation ; Ethanol ; Flow Cytometry ; Free Radicals ; Hepatocytes* ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Membrane Potentials ; Mice* ; Oxygen ; Propidium ; Rhodamines ; RNA

Circadian clocks are the endogenous oscillators that harmonize a variety of physiological processes within the body. Although many urinary functions exhibit clear daily or circadian variation in diurnal humans and nocturnal rodents, the precise mechanisms of these variations are as yet unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that Per2 promoter activity clearly oscillates in neonate and adult bladders cultured ex vivo from Per2::Luc knock-in mice. In subsequent experiments, we show that multiple local oscillators are operating in all the bladder tissues (detrusor, sphincter and urothelim) and the lumbar spinal cord (L4-5) but not in the pontine micturition center or the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray of the brain. Accordingly, the water intake and urine volume exhibited daily and circadian variations in young adult wild-type mice but not in Per1-/- Per2-/- mice, suggesting a functional clock-dependent nature of the micturition rhythm. Particularly in PDK mice, the water intake and urinary excretion displayed an arrhythmic pattern under constant darkness, and the amount of water consumed and excreted significantly increased compared with those of WT mice. These results suggest that local circadian clocks reside in three types of bladder tissue and the lumbar spinal cord and may have important roles in the circadian control of micturition function.
Animals ; *Circadian Clocks ; Drinking ; Mice ; Organ Specificity ; Periaqueductal Gray/metabolism/physiology ; Period Circadian Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Pons/metabolism/physiology ; Spinal Cord/*metabolism/physiology ; Urinary Bladder/innervation/metabolism/*physiology ; Urination

Purpose: The association of serum lipids with gastric cancer is controversial. We clarified the role of serum lipids in the development, progression, and prognosis of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: In total, 412 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer were prospectively recruited, and 2,934 control subjects who underwent screening endoscopy were enrolled from December 2013 to March 2017 to conduct a case-control study in a tertiary center. Serum lipid profiles, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), and apolipoprotein B, and clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. Results: The gastric cancer group showed significantly lower HDL-C, higher LDL-C, and lower apoA-I level than the control group. In multivariate analysis, old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.051; p < 0.001), smoking (OR, 1.337; p < 0.001), a family history of gastric cancer (OR, 2.038; p < 0.001), Helicobacter pylori seropositivity (OR, 4.240; p < 0.001), lower HDL-C (OR, 0.712; p=0.020), and higher LDL-C (p=0.002) were significant risk factors for gastric cancer. Lower HDL-C and higher LDL-C remained significant after adjustments for covariates, including age and sex. In a subgroup analysis of the gastric cancer group, lower TG levels were associated with undifferentiated histology. No serum lipids were associated with overall survival. Conclusion Lower HDL-C and higher LDL-C were associated with the risk of gastric cancer, even after adjusting for age, sex, and other factors. In the gastric cancer group, undifferentiated histology was associated with lower TG levels.