Various kinds of bone cements mixed with antibiotics have been widely used for treatment and prevention of infections, especially combined with bone defects. But bone cements have some disadvantages in that they are rather expensive and capable of incurring some complications such ss fibrosis of surrounding soft tissue or local erosion of bone, and furthermore, they must be removed after infection is controlled for bone graft to fill up the defects because they do not have properties of osteoconduction or osteoinduction. So we have come to the idea of using theoretically advantageous plaster of paris to take place of bone cements, and performed in-vitro experiment upon the effectiveness of plaster of paris pellets containing antibiotics, then obtained good results comparable to those from many experimental studies using bone cements. By this, we think that it would be possible in the future to treat and prevent infections supervening bone defects with plaster of paris mixed up with antibiotics. The results are as follows : 1. Sustained release of large amount of antibiotics from plaster of paris enough to exert inhibitory activity on abcterial growth, and there was a direct relationship between concentrations of eluted antibiotics and diameters of inhibitory zones. 2. Tobramycin was capable of inhibiting the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, and Ps. aeruginosa for 7 days at maximum. 3. Cephradine inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli but did not affect that of Ps. aeruginosa. 4. The maximum antibacterial activity wss reached within first 24 hours from the start of elution of antibiotics from plaster of paris.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bone Cements ; Bone Regeneration ; Calcium Sulfate ; Cephradine ; Fibrosis ; Tobramycin ; Transplants

We report a case of gastro-colic fistula caused by ectopic gastric mucosa developed at transverse colon. Fistula was detected by colonofiberscopy. And fistulous tract was proved by barium enema. Meckel's diverticulum scan finding was similar to that of GI bleeding; e.g. injected radioactivity was secreted into the lumen and moved along the lumen. There was no bleeding. And there was no diverticulum in the colon. Absence of diverticular pouch may explain this unusuaal GI bleeding-like scan finding rather than focal collection of radioactivity, which is typical of ectopic gastric mucosa found in the Meckel's diverticulum. Ectopic gastric mucosa was confirmed by colonfiberscopic biopsy. We suggest GI bleeding-like pictures should be included differential diagnosis of Tc-99m-O4 (ectopic gastric mucosa or Meckel's diverticulum) scan.
Barium ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diverticulum ; Enema ; Fistula* ; Gastric Mucosa* ; Hemorrhage ; Meckel Diverticulum ; Radioactivity ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m*

The hypotensive effect of tripamide(Normonal(R)) were evaluated in 31 cases of essential hypertension. Fifteen to thirty mg of tripamide per day were administered continuously for 8 weeks. The results were as follows; 1) The systolic blood pressure was significantly lowered from 175+/-15 mmHg(Mean+/-SD) before treatment to 144+/-17 mmHg after treatment(p<0.01), and the diastolic blood pressure was significantly lowered from 106+/-11 mmHg before treatment to 90+/-12 mmHg after treatment(p<0.01). 2) The systolic blood pressure was lowered 20 mmHg or more in 25 out of 31 cases(80.7%), and the diastolic blood pressure was decreased 10 mmHg or more in 25 out of 31 cases(80.7%) at the end of 8 weeks treatement. 3) There was no significantl differences in the level of SGOT, serum cholesterol, serum electrolytes(Na+, K+, Cl-), BUN, creatinine and urinc acid before and after treatment with tripamide. 4) In most cases the subjective symptoms disappeared or became easier after tripamide treatment. 5) Profound weakness was developed in 2 cases during tripamide administration.
Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Hypertension*

Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common inflammatory illnesses in the pediatric population. OM is a multifactorial disease that develops as a result of complex interactions between bacterial infection, environmental risk factors, and host genetic factors. The high prevalence and recurrence of OM, coupled with the risk of developing hearing loss have meant that research to understand the mechanisms of OM and identify new therapeutic measures is urgent. Various experimental animals such as chinchilla, guinea pig, gerbil, rat and mouse have been used to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of OM. Also, a lot of methods have been introduced to induce OM in animals including obstruction of E tube and direct injection of otopathogens into the middle ear. Recently there has been an increase in the use of the mouse for OM research due to the ability to easily manipulate their genetic components. The use of animal models has enabled researchers to identify a number of molecular mechanisms involved in the development of OM. Despite the real progresses obtained from animal models of OM, however, there are still several limitations to using them for OM research. In this review article, various animal models that have been introduced to investigate the pathogenesis of OM will be discussed briefly.
Animals ; Bacterial Infections ; Chinchilla ; Ear, Middle ; Gerbillinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Hearing Loss ; Mice ; Models, Animal* ; Otitis Media* ; Prevalence ; Rats ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors

Herpes viral reactivation is thought to be an important etiologic factor in the development of post-operative delayed onset of facial paralysis. The authors present a case of herpes zoster oticus that occurred as a consequence of middle ear and mastoid surgery. The patient was initially misdiagnosed as iatrogenic facial paralysis and treated with oral steroid only. The final diagnosis of herpes zoster oticus was made by the development of herpetic auricular eruption with severe otalgia and the results of positive serological tests. Clinical features, diagnosis and management of this rare case are presented and discussed.
Ear, Middle ; Earache ; Facial Paralysis ; Herpes Zoster Oticus ; Humans ; Mastoid ; Serologic Tests ; Viruses

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia(ALHE) is an uncommon disorder manifested as solitary or multiple nodules mainly in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue of head and neck region. Histological characteristics of ALHE is proliferation of endothelial cells in the small to medium sized vessels and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils. ALHE affecting the tongue is very rare. We report a case of ALHE of the tongue in an 56 year old man with the review of literatures.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia* ; Dermis ; Endothelial Cells ; Eosinophils ; Head ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lymphocytes ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Plasma Cells ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tongue*

Inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare, benign lesion of various organ and tissue that usually occurs in children and young adults. We report on a 35-year-old male patient with retroperitoneal inflammatory pseudotumor who was completely cured by surgical resection and steroid therapy.
Adult ; Child ; Granuloma, Plasma Cell* ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult

Benign osteoblastoma is an uncommon primary bone tumor, extremely rare in calvarium. We present a case of a 25-year-old female with an osteoblastoma of parietal bone which was totally resected. The authors discussed the clinical presentation, radiographic finding, differential diagnosis and management of the benign calvarial osteoblastoma with a review of the literature.
Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Osteoblastoma ; Parietal Bone ; Skull

PURPOSE:We investigated the production of oxygen hydroxyl radicals in the striatum of neonatal rat brain after intrastriatal injection of dopamine (DA) and the effect of growth hormone (GH) on the apoptosis of striatal neurons injured by hypoxia-ischemia. METHODS:The extracellular striatal levels of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 2,5-DHBA as indicators of hydroxyl radical(OH-) production were measured by in vivo microdialysis in the striatums of 7 day-old newborn rats (n=10) after direct intrastriatal infusion of dopamine hydrochloride (1.0 micromol/microL). The samples of perfused artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected every 10 minutes interval. The levels of DA, 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA of CSF were analysed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). Also, the brains were removed at 24 hour after hypoxic-ischemic injury by Rice-Vannucci method. The coronal sections (12 micrometer) of paraffin-fixed brains were stained by TUNEL (terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labelling) technique, and the neuronal cells undergoing apoptosis in the striatum were observed by fluorescent microscopy and compared between GH-treated (50 mg/kg, Dong-Ah Pharmacy Co.) and saline-treated rats. RESULTS:The extracellualr striatal levels of 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA increased abruptly in the first 10 minutes samples after intrastriatal injection of DA. After then, the levels declined slowely. The levels of striatal extracelluar 2.3-DHBA increased up to 621.8+/-508.7% of basal levels (P<0.05), and the levels of 2.5-DHBA increased up to 262.8+/-198.1% of basal levels (P<0.05). GH reduced markedly the number of apoptotic neuronal cells in the striatum after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. CONCLUSION: The level of hydroxyl radicals increased abruptly after intrastriatal injection of DA and GH reduced markedly the number of apoptotic neuronal cells in the striatum after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dopamine* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Hydroxyl Radical* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Infant, Newborn* ; Microdialysis ; Microscopy ; Neurons* ; Oxygen ; Pharmacy ; Rats*

BACKGROUND: Laser uvulopalatopharyngoplasty(Laser UPPP) is a modified operative procedure of UPPP using laser for the patient of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. It is based on the progressive enlargement of the airspace in the oropharynx, to eliminate or reduce obstruction that occurs during sleep, by successive vaporization of the soft palate, wide posterior tonsil pillars and redundant posterior mucosa and resection of hypertrophied palatal tonsils. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the success rate of the operation and to access the value of predictors of outcome in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laser UPPP was performed in 23 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome based on preoperative polysomnography and preoperative and postoperative polysomnography were compared to evaluate the success rate of operation. Each patient underwent preoperative fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy with Mueller maneuver. RESULTS: 73.9% of patients had greater than 50% reduction in apnea index and the improvement of snoring was obtained in 69.5% of patients. No polysomnography parameter could accurately predict the changes in sleep after laser UPPP. There was no significant difference between responder and nonresponder group concerning the body mass index(BMI). But there was a significant difference between two groups in severity of obstruction during Mueller maneuver. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that laser UPPP may be effective treatment for the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with a high success rate and Mueller maneuver would be beneficial in selecting the candidates for laser UPPP by its high predictive efficacy.
Apnea ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Oropharynx ; Palate, Soft ; Palatine Tonsil ; Polysomnography ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Snoring ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Volatilization