Pemphigus erythematosus (PE) is a superficial type of pemphigus, which can be aggravated by sunlight (espicially UV light). Because of the known side effects of corticosteroids, we evaluated the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a corticosteroid-sparing agent and/or the effect of a single-drug regimen in two patients with PE with photosensitivity. We obtained a good therapeutic response with hydroxychloroquine in these two patients with PE. This drug could be used in selected patients with pemphigus who are prednisolone/ immunosuppressive-resistant or who have certain degrees of photosensitivity.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine* ; Pemphigus* ; Sunlight

Objective To analyse the clinical and therapeutic features as well as laboratory findings in bullous pemphigoid with non-bullous lesions as initial manifestation. Methods Clinical data on 34 cases of bullous pemphigoid with non-bullous lesions as initial manifestation were retrospectively analyzed. Results The male to female ratio was 1.83 :1, with a mean age of onset at 59.79±15.63 years. Before typical bullae appeared, patients presented with erythema, papules, papulovesicles' plaques" wheals, nodules,or erythema muitiforme-like lesions, with the most common lesions being erythematous papules and plaques (occumng in 35.29% of these patients). Conclusions Among these patients, nearly 1/3 displayed various skin lesions at the onset; simultaneous erythematous papules and plaques are the most common initial manifestation.

The next-generation sequencing (NGS), as the most practical and reliable method, has replaced the classical Sanger sequencing to help scientists to discover the genetics secrets of human tumor diseases. With the technique development, the whole genome sequencing will be no longer out of reach. Recently, some scientists used the NGS in the research of hematological malignancies and pushed the progress of the whole genome sequencing in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) actively in order to find out the pathogenesis of some hematological malignancies. The NGS and the application of the whole genome sequencing, the exome sequencing, the transcriptome sequencing in AML and MDS are reviewed in this article.
Base Sequence ; Genome, Human ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis ; methods

Primary chondrosarcoma of the extraskeletal soft tissue is extremely rare. Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma was first described as entity in 1953 by Stout and Verner, who were able to collect a series of seven cases. Because of the rarity of this lesion in extremities, neither the clinical course nor the preferred method of treatment has been clearly established. Authors report a case of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma which occurred on the right forearm of a thirty-nine-year-old man. The lesion was completely excised with free resection margins. There was no recurrence or metastasis for four years follow up.
Chondrosarcoma ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

The evolutionary theory is applied to explain a multitude of natural and social phenomena. In medicine, evolutionary biology and psychology enables us to take perspectives beyond the biomedical paradigm of disease. The evolutionary pathophysiology looks for the ultimate cause of disease rather than the proximate causes. The ultimate cause of disease lies in the evolved psychological mechanisms (EPMs). This recognition fundamentally alters the traditional view of pathogenesis that a disease is the result of alien pathogens invading our bodies. Especially in psychiatry, the insight that the pathologic and normal mind have a common basis and that discriminating between them solely by means of natural science is rather impossible, this makes us rethink the validity of current reductionistic approaches to psychiatric nosology. In this article (Part I), the authors introduce evolutionary biology and psychology. Detailed application of the evolutionary perspective to psychiatric disorders will be discussed in the continuing article (Part II).
Biology ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Humans ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Psychology* ; Psychopathology*

Previously (Part I) the authors introduced the evolutionary biology and psychology. In the present part (Part II) of the review article, we discuss what disease is, and how diseases are explained in terms of the evolutionary perspective. Various psychologic phenomena and psychopathologic conditions are also illuminated under this evolutionary light. Through this approach, the authors hope that clinicians would search for the “normality” as well as pathology in patients, and would utilize this insight to understand and treat them accordingly.
Biology ; Hope ; Humans ; Pathology ; Psychology

No Abstract Available.
Head* ; Osteonecrosis* ; Rabbits*

We have had the opportunity to investigate a case with traumatic middle cerebral artery occlusion. The patient was 47 years old male who developed right hemiplegia and aphasia after collision with a automobile vehicle. Cerebral arteriography demonstrated complete occlusion of the left Sylvian middle cerebral artery distal to the origin of the operculofrontal arteires. The computed tomographic scan of the brain revealed dense infarction on the left temporoparietoccipital lobe. With repeated studies on 6 weeks and 6 months after trauma, confirmed partial clearing of the previously occluded middle cerebral artery in cerebral arteriographies and on interval change in computed tomographic scans. Comparable reported cases and theories of pathogenesis are discussed.
Angiography ; Aphasia ; Automobiles ; Brain ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Infarction ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Thrombosis

Transpedicular screw fixation of the lumbar spine has evolved rapidly and become one of the reliable methods to application. We treated 42 cases of lumbar spine disease using above method from October, 1987, to Febuary, 1993. The disease entities were spondylolisthesis 24 cases(58%), spondylolysis 14 cases(33%), fracture and dislocation 3 cases(7%), postsurgical instability 1 case(2%). The most frequent clinical symptom and sign was low back pain with radiating pain accompanying limitation of straight leg raising, which clinical outcome was excellent with wide laminectomy. The transpedicular screw fixation allow adequate neural decompression, short segment fixation and prevention of motion limitation of lumbar spine. But one of the important complication driven with this method was root injury which must be prevented by surgen's throught knowledge to pedicular anatomy and meticulous operative technique. The instrument failure is also the troublesome problem. The appropriate bone fusion will be the acceptable strategy to overcome the eventual possibility of instument failure.
Decompression ; Dislocations ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Low Back Pain ; Spine* ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis

A case of intracerebral tension pneumatocele as a complication of an Osteoma in the Fronto-ethmoid sinus is reported. The commonest causes of intracranial air are head trauma and neurosurgical procedures. Less common etiologies include infection due to gas-forming organisms, mucoceles, tumors(e.g. osteomas carcinomas pituitary adenomas peripheral nerue tumors) and congenital neurenteric cysts or dural defects. Computed tomography permitted rapid diagnosis including localization of the air thus facilitating prompt treatment.
Craniocerebral Trauma ; Diagnosis ; Mucocele ; Neural Tube Defects ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Osteoma* ; Pituitary Neoplasms