Pemphigus erythematosus (PE) is a superficial type of pemphigus, which can be aggravated by sunlight (espicially UV light). Because of the known side effects of corticosteroids, we evaluated the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a corticosteroid-sparing agent and/or the effect of a single-drug regimen in two patients with PE with photosensitivity. We obtained a good therapeutic response with hydroxychloroquine in these two patients with PE. This drug could be used in selected patients with pemphigus who are prednisolone/ immunosuppressive-resistant or who have certain degrees of photosensitivity.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine* ; Pemphigus* ; Sunlight

Objective To analyse the clinical and therapeutic features as well as laboratory findings in bullous pemphigoid with non-bullous lesions as initial manifestation. Methods Clinical data on 34 cases of bullous pemphigoid with non-bullous lesions as initial manifestation were retrospectively analyzed. Results The male to female ratio was 1.83 :1, with a mean age of onset at 59.79±15.63 years. Before typical bullae appeared, patients presented with erythema, papules, papulovesicles' plaques" wheals, nodules,or erythema muitiforme-like lesions, with the most common lesions being erythematous papules and plaques (occumng in 35.29% of these patients). Conclusions Among these patients, nearly 1/3 displayed various skin lesions at the onset; simultaneous erythematous papules and plaques are the most common initial manifestation.

The evolutionary theory is applied to explain a multitude of natural and social phenomena. In medicine, evolutionary biology and psychology enables us to take perspectives beyond the biomedical paradigm of disease. The evolutionary pathophysiology looks for the ultimate cause of disease rather than the proximate causes. The ultimate cause of disease lies in the evolved psychological mechanisms (EPMs). This recognition fundamentally alters the traditional view of pathogenesis that a disease is the result of alien pathogens invading our bodies. Especially in psychiatry, the insight that the pathologic and normal mind have a common basis and that discriminating between them solely by means of natural science is rather impossible, this makes us rethink the validity of current reductionistic approaches to psychiatric nosology. In this article (Part I), the authors introduce evolutionary biology and psychology. Detailed application of the evolutionary perspective to psychiatric disorders will be discussed in the continuing article (Part II).
Biology ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Humans ; Natural Science Disciplines ; Psychology* ; Psychopathology*

Previously (Part I) the authors introduced the evolutionary biology and psychology. In the present part (Part II) of the review article, we discuss what disease is, and how diseases are explained in terms of the evolutionary perspective. Various psychologic phenomena and psychopathologic conditions are also illuminated under this evolutionary light. Through this approach, the authors hope that clinicians would search for the “normality” as well as pathology in patients, and would utilize this insight to understand and treat them accordingly.
Biology ; Hope ; Humans ; Pathology ; Psychology

The next-generation sequencing (NGS), as the most practical and reliable method, has replaced the classical Sanger sequencing to help scientists to discover the genetics secrets of human tumor diseases. With the technique development, the whole genome sequencing will be no longer out of reach. Recently, some scientists used the NGS in the research of hematological malignancies and pushed the progress of the whole genome sequencing in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) actively in order to find out the pathogenesis of some hematological malignancies. The NGS and the application of the whole genome sequencing, the exome sequencing, the transcriptome sequencing in AML and MDS are reviewed in this article.
Base Sequence ; Genome, Human ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; genetics ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis ; methods

Primary chondrosarcoma of the extraskeletal soft tissue is extremely rare. Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma was first described as entity in 1953 by Stout and Verner, who were able to collect a series of seven cases. Because of the rarity of this lesion in extremities, neither the clinical course nor the preferred method of treatment has been clearly established. Authors report a case of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma which occurred on the right forearm of a thirty-nine-year-old man. The lesion was completely excised with free resection margins. There was no recurrence or metastasis for four years follow up.
Chondrosarcoma ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Methods ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

Diagnosis of arachnoid cyst has often been delayed and uncertain in the past, but development of computerized tomography has greatly improved the ease and accuracy of their identification, helping to provide for earlier surgical treatment and better care of patients. Arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa may be associated with a unique complication, namely subdural hematoma. The hematoma with its membrane may be located either superficial to the cyst or within the cyst. Recently we have experienced two cases of arachnoid cyst of the middle cranial fossa with chronic subdural hematoma. We present the cases and their pathogenesis will be reviewed.
Arachnoid Cysts ; Arachnoid* ; Cranial Fossa, Middle* ; Diagnosis ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Membranes

Metal fixation device, titanium miniplate is commonly used in facial bone fixation. But metal fixation device requires secondary removal procedure because of such complications as bony atrophy, metallic corrosion, low carcinogenic risk, growth disturbance of craniofacial skeleton, and endocranial migration of device which may lead to pediatric craniofacial surgery. Bioabsorbable plates lose strength retention after a given period of time unlike metalic plates, are degraded and absorbed completely in human body. Because they yield no metalic complications nor risks, and require no secondary removal, their use has been recently increased in fixation of facial bone. Self-inforced(SR)-poly(L/DL) lactide(70/30%) plate is applied for the fixation of midfacial bone in adult. But its weak strength brings concern about the skeletal stability, and makes surgeons hesitate its application to mandibular fractures. SR-poly(L/DL) lactide are rarely used especially in mandibular fractures. The authors used Biosorb FX 2.0 plate in 58 patients of mandibular fractures by open reduction and internal fixation. The duration of intermaxillary fixation was 7 days in 12 patients of multiple fractures. Follow-up period was 4 to 16 months(mean; 12 months). Complications included 2 cases with malocclusion, 6 cases with sensory disturbance and no infection was reported. The malocclusion was solved by minimal occlusal grinding, and sensory disturbance was temporary. The authors applied bicortical fixation of two plate system(thickness 1.2mm) with long screws or large diameter screws to mandibular fractures and obtained sufficient skeletal stability. The risk of tissue reaction associated with possible postimplantative crystallization of SR-poly(L/DL) lactide(70/ 30%) could be reduced. They report their experiences with review of literature.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Corrosion ; Crystallization ; Facial Bones ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human Body ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Skeleton ; Titanium

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Hydrocephalus* ; Hypothalamus* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage*

Most of dural arteriovenous malformations(AVM's) of lateral and sigmoid sinuses are known to acquired lesions evolving from a previously thrombosed dural sinus. Their clinical symptoms and signs are variable and their natural history is usually that of gradual progression and hence surgery is frequent necessary. The preferred surgical treatment is complete isolation or excision of the lesion. The authors have experienced 1 case of AVM's of lateral and sigmoid dural sinuses associated with intracerebral hematoma which was treated with complete excision of involved sinus with good result.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Colon, Sigmoid* ; Hematoma ; Natural History