PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to analyse the clinical characteristics and results of treatment of knee dislocation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 18 cases of the traumatic dislocation of knee were treated at Yeung-nam university hospital from 1991 Jan. to 1997 Apr. and those were followed more than one year after injury. Result: Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament were ruptured in all cases and the two thirds of the ruptured site of cruciate ligament was femoral attachment, Medial collateral ligament injury(13 cases) were more than lateral collateral injury(8 cases) and more than half cases of collateral ligament injury were rup- tured at tibial and fibular attachment. The functional result by Lysholm knee scoring revealed fair(81 score) in average and excellent in 3 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 10 cases. Complications were limitation of motion in 6 cases, pain in 2 cases and nerve paraiysis in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Applying classification system according to direction of displacement is sometimes difficult because the dislocation of knee could be transferred after reduction. It was thought that another subclassifica- tion system in terms of ligaments involved should be used. Functional results by Lysholm knee scoring revealed fair(81 score) in average. Early range of motion should be started after surgical repair and minimal immobilization to avoid limitation of knee motion.
Classification ; Collateral Ligaments ; Dislocations* ; Immobilization ; Knee Dislocation ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Range of Motion, Articular

Optic ataxia is characterized by an impaired visual control of the direction of arm reaching to a visual target, accompanied by defective hand orientation and grip formation. In humans, optic ataxia is associated with lesions of the superior parietal lobule, which also affect visually guided saccades and other forms of eye-hand coordination. A 67-year-old woman presented with sudden, unilateral, direct optic ataxia in the right homonymous half field and saccadic abnormalities which consisted of prolonged latency, undershoot dysmetria, and decreased velocity. Brain MRI showed a left parieto-occipital watershed infarction. It is suggested that lesions of the superior parietal lobule and the adjacent parietal eye field are responsible for optic ataxia and saccadic abnormalities, respectively.
Aged ; Arm ; Ataxia* ; Brain ; Cerebellar Ataxia ; Female ; Hand ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Rabeprazole ; Saccades

No abstract available.
Autoradiography* ; Brain* ; Rats, Wistar* ; Receptors, Muscarinic*

The study was designed to evaluate the significant roles of SSRI in rat of depression model. Chronic exposure to mild unpredictable stress has been found to depress the consumption of sweet 1% sucrose solutions in the Sprague-Dawley rats. We applied the variety of 11 types of stress regimens and identified depressive behavious(developed by Willner) in 70 Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats in experiments were stratified into 6 groups, i.e.; 3 kinds of SSRI(paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline), clomipramine, choline and saline control. Memory function was evaluated by passive avoidance learning and retention test. The authors determined how long memory retention would remain improved with 24 hour, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks at training-testing interval in depressive states of the Sprague-Dowley rats. The results were as follows; 1) There were to significant differences between the 6 groups at the 24 hour training-testing interval. 2) The paroxetine treated group showed significant differences from the control group at the 1 week and 2 weeks training-testing interval. 3) The paroxetine and the fluoxetine treated groups showed significant differences from the control group at 3 week training-testing interval. 4) The paroxetine and the choline treated groups showed significant differences from the control group 4 week training-testing interval. In summary, paroxetine had on effect on long term memory processing from 1st week to 4th week. Also, fluoxetine(or 3rd week) and choline(at 4th week) had effect on long term memory processing. Sertraline, clomipramine were ineffective on memory processing during 4 weeks observation. Possible explanations why paroxetine had early effect on memory processing than the other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are rapid bioavailability, which is the characteristics of pharmacokinetics of paroxetine. In clinical situation, author carefully suggest that SSRI would be beneficial to improve the memory function caused by depressive neurochemical changes.
Animals ; Avoidance Learning* ; Biological Availability ; Choline ; Clomipramine ; Depression ; Fluoxetine ; Memory ; Paroxetine ; Pharmacokinetics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors* ; Sertraline ; Sucrose

Injuries are serious problem common to all societies. Yet even within a single community, groups of injured persons differ as to the nature and severity of their injuries. The difficulty of adjusting for such variations has hampered scientific study of injured persons. Neverthless it is essential to take differences in severity of injury into account when comparing the morhidity & mortality of various groups for the purpose of evaluating their emergency & subsequent care. In order to provide the guidelines of mass emergency care & transportation, the authors analysed the 206 injured patients of train accident at Kyungsan, May 14th, 1981 and compared mortality with severity and body system of the injuries. The results were obtained as follows: l. Of 206 injured patients, most were young people & the ratio of male & female was about equal. 2. Extremities were the most frequently injured parts of body system & single injury was more common. 3. According to most severe injury of AIS, 78% of injured persons belonged to below AIS grade 3 and none was dead. 4. Average ISS of survival groups was 6 and that of death groups was 34. None was dead below average ISS of 15. 5. Death rate was higher for patients above 50 years of age, than that for young patients and there was no age difference in mortality for ISS of 50 and higher. 6. Majority of death group were invclved in multiple injuries and major cause of death were chest and head injuries. 7. Average ISS and age of hospital death group were less than those of DOA group. 8. The authors thought that it was necessary to estahlish Emergency Service System including training and education of both professionals and the pulic, hospital categorization, communication and transportation system for the mass emergency care.
Cause of Death ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Extremities ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Mortality ; Multiple Trauma ; Thorax ; Transportation

The isomorphic response of Koebner is a well-known phenomenon commonly associated with psoriafsis, but it has been also descrilbed in conjunction with a host of other disordered. We described five cases of erythema multiforme showing lesions of easily recognizsble Koebnei phenomena. Traumas to the skin do not cause erythema multiforme, however when a patient is in an active stage of the disease, physieal factor such as traumas occuring in normsl daly-life may contribute to the distribution of skin lesions as have been seen in our patients ; clinicians should aware of this point for better understanding of clinical features in erythema multiforme.
Erythema Multiforme ; Erythema* ; Humans ; Skin

Diabetes insipidus(DI) of central origin is a clinical syndrome resulting from low blood levels of antidiuretic hormone secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which is usually caused by lesions involving the hypothalamus-neurohypophyseal axis. MR imaging can reveal absence of the posterior pituitary bright signal(PPBS)in DI. The authors reviewed four patients with intracranial germinomas who had DI due to hypothalamus involvement. All patients before radiotherapy revealed absence of PPBS on MRI. Three cases recovered from DI after radiotherapy and showed reappearance of PPBS. Another one patients who continued DI didn't show signal change of the posterior pituitary gland. Ws speculated that the reappearance of PPBS is related to clinical improvement of DI.
Diabetes Insipidus* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Germinoma* ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Gland, Posterior ; Radiotherapy*

Lichen planus is rare in Korea. and oral lichen planus is even rarer. To our knowledge, this is the first case reporting in Korean dermatological literature. 57 year-old man was seen for erythema with white striation on the oral mucosa in December 1981. The initial lisior s appeared on the buccal mucosa of left side of oral cavity 10 months ago. Thereafter he noticed similar lesions on the right side of buccal mucosa, hard palate, left side of upper and lower gingiva and left side of the lower lip. Histopathological and direct immunofluorescence studies showed typical features of lichen planus. Administration of griseofulvin(0.5gm. of Fulvicin' daily) for 4 weeks resulted in no clinical improvement. Oral retinoid(25mg of Ro 10-9359 daily) for 11 weeks resulte3 in healing of lesions with no side effect except slight dryness of the mouth.
Erythema ; Etretinate ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Korea ; Lichen Planus ; Lichen Planus, Oral* ; Lip ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Mouth Mucosa ; Palate, Hard

The second case of this serial reports under the title of unusual cutaneous manifestations of connective tissue diseases is a woman with primary idiopathic dermatomyositis who developed cutaneous ulcerations on her arms and legs, which is thought to b a rare manifestation of adult dermatomyositis. These multiple ulcerations are about bean sized, polymorphous, and grouped on the poikilodermatous lesional skin. In this patient these ulcerative lesions became regressive and healed with disfiguring scars after the activity of the disease has controlled by prednisolone and methotrexate.
Adult ; Arm ; Cicatrix ; Connective Tissue Diseases* ; Connective Tissue* ; Dermatomyositis* ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Methotrexate ; Prednisolone ; Skin ; Ulcer*

The objective of cancer screening is to reduce the risk of death, i.e., mortality from cancer among individuals subjected to screening. For cervical and colorectal cancer, the screening test is aimed at detection of preinvasive lesions. Therefore, reduction in the incidence of invasive disease also results from screening. In a national cancer control program, the programs should be orgainzed to ensure that a large proportion of the target group is screened and that those individuals in whom abnormalities are abserved receive appropriate diagnosis and therapy. Agreement should be reached on guidelines to be applied in the national cancer control program. When establishing appropriate cancer screening recommendations several factors should be considered. ① For establishing the starting age, age-specific incidence and mortality rate, life lost person-years, and cost-effectiveness can be considered. ② For frequency of screening, it is necessary to understand the natural history of disease. ③ For choosing the best test tool, sensitivity and specificity, compliance, cost, and adverse effects can be considered. It seems that doctors' willingness to participate is essential for a successful cancer screening program. They should understand the rationale of cancer secreening, its effectiveness, and the risk.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Compliance ; Diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer* ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Natural History ; Sensitivity and Specificity