No abstract available.
Nevus, Pigmented*

No abstract available.
Tetany*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant*

PURPOSE: Purpose of this research was to identify nursing activities and the time required in the psychiatric ward to provide basic knowledge for development of cost of psychiatric nursing. METHODS: In this research 'a list of psychiatric nursing activities' was used to identify the issues. A list of psychiatric nursing activities was developed by a professional psychiatric nursing panel, and 138 nursing activities in 15 domains were identified. RESULTS: The result of this research showed that the average number of work hours per duty was 515.1 minutes and the average number of minutes per patient per nurse while on duty was 35.7 minutes. Also the results showed that the nurses used the majority of their time in 'Nursing care and information management' (528.0 minutes/day, 33.6%), followed by 'communication and coordination' (209.2 minutes, 13.3%), 'safety care' (185.3 minutes, 11.8%), and 'medication' (120.9 minutes, 13.3%). CONCLUSION: The result of this research indicate that the number of nursing staff is insufficient for the performance of necessary therapeutic activities. Nursing practices such as counseling, activity therapy, and psychiatric treatment and specific therapy need to be developed and nursing care fees need to be included in psychiatric nursing fields.
Counseling ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Staff ; Psychiatric Nursing

It is important to obtain a good exposure of the root exit zone(REZ) of the facial nerve during microvascular decompression(MVD) for hemifacial spasm(HFS). For this purpose, authors dissected cerebellar cortical artery in addition to exposing the proximal portion of lower cranial nerves. During MVD for HFS, surgeons frequently meet a cerebellar cortical artery along the inferolateral aspect of cerebellar hemisphere. It is usually hemispheric branch of anterior inferior cerebellar artery(AICA) or posterior inferior cerebellar artery(PICA). It is reason that authors have dissected the outside arachnoid membrane attached pia mater of cerebellar cortical artery with a arachnoid knife or microscissor but preserve the inside arachnoid membrane attached dura mater. Microsurgical retractor is placed inferolaterally between cerebellar cortical artery and cerebellar hemisphere and elevated from the floor of the posterior fossa. The subarachnoid cisterns over the lower cranial nerves are opened with sharp dissector and wide operative fields and good exposure of REZ of facial nerve is obtained.
Arachnoid ; Arteries* ; Cranial Nerves ; Dura Mater ; Facial Nerve ; Hemifacial Spasm* ; Membranes ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery* ; Pia Mater

PURPOSE: We describe a 54-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who suddenly presented with chorea and had positive antiphospholipid antibodies. F-18 FDG PET showed abnormally increased glucose metabolism in bilateral putamen and primary motor cotex. Tc-99m ECD SPECT also showed abnormally increased regional cerebral blood flow in bilateral putamen. She was treated with corticosteroid and aspirin after which the symptoms improved. Four months later, follow up F-18 FDG PET showed improvement with resolution of hypermetabolism in bilateral putamen. This case suggests that striatal hypermetabolism is associated with chorea in SLE.
Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Aspirin ; Chorea* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Putamen ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

PURPOSE: The osseointegration around titanium mini-implants installed in macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) blocks was evaluated after incubation with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in an ectopic subcutaneous rat model. METHODS: Mini-implants (phi1.8x12 mm) were installed in MBCP blocks (bMBCPs, 4x5x15 mm) loaded with rhBMP-2 at 0.1 mg/mL, and then implanted for 8 weeks into subcutaneous pockets of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=10). A histomorphometric analysis was performed, and the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone density were evaluated. RESULTS: Significant osteoinductive activity was induced in the rhBMP-2/bMBCP group. The percentage of BIC was 41.23+/-4.13% (mean+/-standard deviation), while bone density was 33.47+/-5.73%. In contrast, no bone formation was observed in the bMBCP only group. CONCLUSIONS: This model represents a more standardized tool for analyzing osseointegration and bone healing along the implant surface and in bMBCPs that excludes various healing factors derived from selected animals and defect models.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Calcium ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites ; Male ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recombinant Proteins ; Titanium ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

The intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia is often associated with profound, protracted neutropenia and increases the risk of serious infections. In general, the duration of neutropenic period correlates with the increased risk of fungal infection and multiple hepatosplenic microabscesses following neutropenic periods has been one of the major problems in patients with acute leukemia, often attributed to fungal infections such as hepatosplenic candidiasis or disseminated candidiasis. But recently we experienced two cases of hepatosplenic tuberculosis in patients with acute leukemia during or after chemotherapy following prolonged neutropenia. Tuberculosis should be considered as one of causes of hepatosplenic abscesses during prolonged neutropenia, especially in countries, where the disease is endemic.
Abscess ; Candidiasis* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Liver ; Neutropenia ; Spleen ; Tuberculosis*

BACKGROUND: Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is used for bone healing due to its osteoinductivity, but it requires a carrier for clinical application. Here, we report the effects on the osteoinductivity of DBM by use of a poloxamer 407-based hydrogel as the carrier, compared to sterile water. METHODS: DBM-W and DBM-H represent 27 wt% of DBM with sterile water and DBM with a poloxamer 407-based hydrogel, respectively. Both of the compositions were applied to human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures, and monitored for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity. Six 10-week-old athymic nude rats were used for abdominal muscle grafting with either DBM-W or DBM-H, and were tested by plane radiography, microfocus X-ray computed tomography (CT), and decalcified histology to evaluate ectopic bone formation. RESULTS: The DBM-W group showed stronger ALP staining at 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment, and significantly higher ALP activity at 7 and 14 days of treatment, compared to the DBM-H group. Plane radiography could not confirm the radio-opaque lesions in the rat ectopic bone formulation model. However, ectopic bone formation was observed in both groups by micro-CT. Compared to the DBM-H group, the DBM-W group showed higher bone volume, percent bone volume and trabecular number, and the difference in percent bone volume was statistically significant. Decalcified histology found bony tissue with lamellation in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that poloxamer 407-based hydrogel has efficacy as a DBM carrier since it shows ectopic bone formation, but its effects on the quality and quantity of osteoblastic differentiation in rat abdominal ectopic bone and MSC are considered negative.
Animals ; Bone Matrix/*physiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Decalcification Technique ; Excipients/*pharmacology ; Hydrogels/pharmacology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/*drug effects ; Osteogenesis/*drug effects ; Poloxamer/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Nude

PURPOSE: Adherence is a major component of successful medical treatment. However, non-adherence remains a barrier to effective delivery of healthcare worldwide. METHODS: Twenty healthcare facilities (secondary or tertiary hospitals) belonging to the Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Diseases (KAPARD) participated. Questionnaires were given to patients currently receiving treatment in the form of inhalant useor oral intake or transdermal patch for mild to moderate asthma. RESULTS: A total of 1,838 patients responded to the questionnaire. Mean age was 5.98 ± 3.79 years (range: 0-18 years). With help from their caregivers, the percentage of patients that answered “taking as prescribed” was 38.04% for inhalant users, 50.09% for oral medication users and 67.42% for transdermal users. Transdermal patch users had significantly greater adherence compared to the other 2 groups (P < 0.001). The 34.15% of inhalant users, 70.33% of oral medication users and 93.00% of transdermal patch users felt that their medication delivery system was “Easy” or “Very easy” to use (P < 0.001). “Method of administration” was deemed to be the most difficult part of the treatment regimen to follow, and 76.7% of patients preferred once-daily administration (i.e., “Frequency of administration”). CONCLUSIONS: Asthma medication adherence in young children was found to be better in the transdermal patch group. This may be due to requiring fewer doses and easy to follow instructions. From an adherence point of view, the transdermal patch seems more useful for long-term asthma control in children compared to oral or inhaled medicine.
Asthma ; Caregivers ; Child ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Medication Adherence ; Transdermal Patch