Objective: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes. This study aims to determine the incidence of postpartum diabetes and/or glucose intolerance among Filipino GDM patients who delivered at a tertiary hospital in Manila and to compare the risk factors present among these women. Methodology: 173 Filipino patients were included in this 3-year prospective cohort study. Demographics, clinical variables, and feto-maternal outcomes were recorded. 124 patients returned for follow-up and postpartum glycemic status was determined using 75g oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The incidence of diabetes and prediabetes postpartum was 7.3% and 34.7% respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that multigravid patients (OR=2.84; 95% CI 1.20,6.70) and those with postpartum obesity (OR=2.84; 95% CI 1.20,6.70) are more likely to have prediabetes. Diagnosis of GDM at an earlier trimester increases the odds of having postpartum diabetes (OR=3.05; 95% CI 1.02,9.18). Also, if the body mass index falls under obese class II postpartum, the probability increases 115 times (95% ci 3.96,3357.83; p=0.006). Conclusion The incidence of postpartum glucose intolerance among Filipino women with GDM is high. Clinicians should be more vigilant and strategies to implement compliance to postpartum glucose testing must be formulated to increase rates of follow-up testing among these women.
Gestational diabetes mellitus ; Incidence ; Philippines

Excess hormone production from adrenal tumors caused by primary hyperaldosteronism or pheochromocytoma are common etiologies for secondary hypertension. Studies have shown that sustained long-term circulating hormones in excess affect the blood vessels and cardiac structures. Inflammation of cardiomyocytes leads to fibrosis and eventual cardiomyopathy and is clinically presented as arrhythmia, nonfatal myocardial infarction, heart failure, or even death. The tissue changes and/or impaired cardiac function are reversible if early diagnosis and removal of the adrenal tumor by unilateral adrenalectomy is done. However, the condition becomes challenging if the adrenal lesions are bilateral. This article introduces the concept of systemic hormonal unloading and will discuss the philosophy of quality of life in managing bilateral adrenal disease.
Hyperaldosteronism ; Pheochromocytoma ; Quality of Life

Objective: Micropapillary thyroid carcinoma (micro-PTC) has a good prognosis but a number of cases will present with aggressive behavior. This study aims to determine the clinical outcomes with surgical management and histopathologic characteristics of Filipino patients with micro-PTC at University of Santo Tomas Hospital. Methodology: 139 patients were diagnosed with micro-PTC from the year 2004-2011. Seventy five patients had complete data and were included in this retrospective study. Chi square test with Yates correction, T-test for tumor diameter, statistical means and percentages were used in data analysis. Results: A total of 1,689 thyroid surgeries were done between 2004 and 2011. There were 1,054 patients (62.4%) diagnosed with benign thyroid tumor(s) and 635 patients (37.6%) with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Of these, 139 (22%) patients have micro-PTC. The prevalence rate of micro-PTC was 22%, with a female predominance (86.6%). The patients’ ages ranged from 24-80 years old with a mean age of 47 years. Comparison of groups showed that having either incidental or non-incidental micro-PTC is independent of the clinical variables of the patient. Two (2.6%) patients initially presented with cranial and supraclavicular metastasis. This study had a low recurrence rate (5.3%) and a mortality rate of 1.3%. Conclusion Male gender is the only significant variable for lymph node and distant metastasis. The patient’s age, family history of cancer, number of foci, size and histological type of tumor have no prognostic value.
Thyroidectomy