OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effects of a novel histone deacetylases inhibitor FK228 on human colon cancer HCT-116 cells in vitro and in vivo, and evaluate its toxicity and side effects.

METHODSThe in vitro growth inhibitions of HCT-116 cells by different concentrations of FK228 and 5-Fu for 24, 48 and 72 h were assessed by CCK-8 assay. BALB/c nude mouse models of tumor xenografts were prepared by subcutaneous implantation of tumor tissue, and 4 mg/kg FK228 and 50 mg/kg 5-Fu were i.p. injected, respectively. The inhibitory effects on tumor growth, hematology, and liver and kidney function were evaluated.

RESULTSCCK-8 assay indicated that FK228 had an obvious growth inhibitory effect on HCT-116 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 of FK228 in HCT-116 cells was 12.05 ng/ml for 48 h, while the IC50 of 5-Fu was 18.92 µg/ml. At 20 days after FK228 and 5-Fu treatment, the tumor volume of the FK228 group was (139.71 ± 44.54)mm(3), significantly lower than that of the 5-Fu group [(282.28 ± 58.81)mm(3)] and that of the model group [(520.65 ± 39.73)mm(3), P < 0.01 for both]. The average tumor weight was (0.07 ± 0.02)g in the FK228 group, significantly lower than that of the 5-Fu group [(0.20 ± 0.08)g, P < 0.01]. The tumor growth inhibition rate of the FK228 group was 73.2%, significantly higher than that of the 5-Fu group (45.8%, P < 0.01). The ALT levels of the FK228 and 5-Fu groups were significantly higher than that of the model group (P < 0.01). The BUN of 5-Fu group was significantly higher than that of the model group (P < 0.01), but the BUN of FK228 group was not significantly different from that of the blank and control groups (P > 0.05 for both). Routine blood test showed that WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT of the 5-Fu group were significantly lower than those of the model group (P < 0.05 for all), but only WBC of the FK228 group was significantly lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05). The pathological examination using HE staining revealed that in the FK228 group, there were fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver tissue, and mild edema of the renal tubules in the kidney. However, in the 5-Fu group there were extensive hepatocyte edema and necrosis in the liver, and evident deformation and necrosis of glomeruli and tubules, and tubular wall thinning in the kidney.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study indicate that FK228 can more effectively than 5-Fu inhibit the growth of HCT-116 cells in vitro and vivo, and without obvious toxic effect on the kidney and hematology. Its clinical value in colon cancer treatment deserves further investigation.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Depsipeptides ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fluorouracil ; pharmacology ; HCT116 Cells ; Hematologic Tests ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Kidney ; pathology ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Random Allocation ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective To investigate the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter microsatellite polymorphisms and the susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection in Han,Yi and Yao ethnicities in GuiZhou province.Methods 500 volunteers were selected from Guizhou province.Ailelic frequency of IL-10.G and IL-10.R loci was identified by short tandom repeat polymerase chain reaction.The relativity between allelic frequency and HBV infection was analyzed.Results Genotype data from H-W analysis on all the IL-10 polymorphisms indicated that it was a random distribution.Very high HBV infection rates were found in the native ethnic minorities of Guizhou province.The overall HBV infection rate among the total population was 67.00％,with the HBV infection rates of Yi nationality in Weining,Yi nationality in Qianxi,Yao nationality in Libo and Han nationality in Libo as 51.85％,42.86％,79.52％ and 84.30％,respe~vely.The polymorphisms distribution of IL- 10.G and IL- 10.R were statistically different among the ethnic groups (P＜ 0.05 ).The polymorphisms distribution of IL-10.R had no significant difference between HBV infection group and non-infection group,as well as among HBV natural removal group and non-infected group in all the ethnic groups.The frequency of IL-10.G 459 bp (19CA) was significantly higher in non-infection group than in the infected group (P＜ 0.05 ).The frequency of IL-10.G 471 bp (25CA) was significantly higher in the non-infection group than in the HBV natural removal group(P＜0.05).The polymorphisms distribution of IL-10.G did not show significant difference between the HBV infection group and the HBV natural removal group in all the ethnic groups.We did not find any differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies of IL-10.G between infection group and non-infection group in Yi nationality in Weining,and Yao nationality in Libo (P＞0.05),as well as HBV natural removal group and non-infected group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The polymorphisms distribution of IL-10.R and IL-10.G did not show significant difference in Yi,Yao and Han ethnics population living in Guizhou province.IL-10.G seemed to influence the susceptibility of HBV infection in Han,Yao and Yi ethnics population of Guizhou province.

OBJECTIVETo create transgenic mice expressing hamster- and human-PRNP as a model for understanding the physiological function and pathology of prion protein (PrP), as well as the mechanism of cross-species transmission of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).

METHODSHamster and human-PRNP transgenic mice were established by conventional methods. The copy number of integrated PRNP in various mouse lines was mapped by real-time PCR. PRNP mRNA and protein levels were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Histological analyses of transgenic mice were performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods.

RESULTSIntegrated PRNP copy number in various mouse lines was 53 (Tg-haPrP1), 18 (Tg-huPrP1), 3 (Tg-huPrP2), and 16 (Tg-huPrP5), respectively. Exogenous PrPs were expressed at both the transcriptional and translational level. Histological assays did not detect any abnormalities in brain or other organs.

CONCLUSIONWe have established one hamster-PRNP transgenic mouse line and three human-PRNP transgenic mouse lines. These four transgenic mouse lines provide ideal models for additional research.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cricetinae ; DNA ; genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Organ Specificity ; Plasmids ; Prion Diseases ; genetics ; Prion Proteins ; Prions ; genetics ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transcription, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo provide the foundation for reasonable utilization by analysing the essential oils from Serissa serissoides in different seasons.

METHODEssential oils were obtained by steam distillation. The chemical components were separated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The relative content of each component was determined by area normalization.

RESULTForty-three peaks were identified from autumn material, representing 78.91% of the total oil. Main constituents of the essential oil from the autumn material were found to be 1b,5,5,6a-tetramethyl-octahydro-1-oxa-cyclopropa [a] inden-6-one (7.32%); methyl linolenate (4.14%); cubenol (5.97%); 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (10.87%); delta-9(10)-tetrahydrocostunolide-1-keto (35.51%). Seventy-two peaks were identified from spring material, representing 79.88% of the total oil. Main constituents of the essential oil from the spring material were found to be caryophyllene (3.315%); ethylbenzene (3.523%); 3-hexen-1-ol (4.537%); 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (6.513%); 5-propionyl-2-chlorobenzeneacetic acid, methyl ester (8.541%), germacrene D (12.311%).

CONCLUSIONThe same compounds in both materials are as follows: 2,2-dimethyl-6-methylene-cyclohexanepropanol; 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol; 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol; cubenol; docosane and eicosane. It seems that they are the diagnostic components in these medicinal materials. Essential substances are different in quantity and quality in different seasons.

Alkanes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rubiaceae ; chemistry ; Seasons ; Terpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the survival time of recombination rival in environment and inactivation ability of different disinfectant and ultraviolet radiation against virus.

METHODSNC membranes absorbed the recombinant adenovirus (rADV) or herpes simplex virus (rHSV) with green fluorescence protein (GFP) were laid, or immersed in various concentration of different disinfectants such as ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, lysol and geramine and then taked out them every 15 min, or exposed under ultraviolet radiation, then the NC membranes were adsorbed 1 h in cell, 37 degrees C 5% CO2 48 h. The results were observed under the fluorescence microscope.

RESULTS(1) the average survival time of rHSV under environment is less than 60 min, rADV is almost up to 2 h. (2) The infection ability of rHSV and rADV was inactived 15 min by both ethanol (100%, 70% and 50%) and sodium hypochlorite (5%, 2.5% and 1.25%). (3) Two virus can be killed by 0.1% bromogeramine. (4) Both 5% and 2.5% lysol, but rADV can not lost the infection on Vero Cell until 75 min by 1.25% Lysol. (5) The rHSV was inactivated under ultraviolet radiation, but rADV was not.

CONCLUSIONThe survival time of is different from both envelope rival and the no-envelope viral under nature environment and the inactivate ability of disinfectant also is different between two model virus; Disinfectant should be choose according to virus type.

Adenoviridae ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Disinfectants ; toxicity ; Disinfection ; methods ; Risk ; Simplexvirus ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; toxicity ; Sterilization ; methods ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Virus Diseases ; Virus Inactivation ; Virus Physiological Phenomena ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Viruses ; drug effects ; radiation effects

In addition to its well established role as a neurotransmitter, extracellular ATP has been considered as a paracrine/autocrine factor, either released from sperm or epithelial cells, in the male reproductive tract and shown to play a versatile role in modulating various reproductive functions. This review summarizes the signal pathways through which ATP induces anion secretion by the epithelia of the epididymis, as well as its epithelium-dependent modulation of smooth muscle contraction of the vas deferens. Finally, the overall role of ATP in coordinating various reproductive events in the male genital tract is discussed.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; physiology ; Animals ; Epididymis ; physiology ; Epithelium ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Urogenital System ; physiology ; Vas Deferens ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the phenomenon of accidental splashes and sprays from manipulation of recombinant virus material and to measure the approximate spilled distance when recombinant virus material inadvertently dropped in the biosafety laboratory.

METHODSfirst, two groups owning different experience simulated the course of accidental spills and splashes by recombinant adenovirus (rADV) which expressed green fluorescence protein (GFP), the GFP signal were observed in 96 well cell plate after spills appeared; Second, the routine two heights (75 cm and 110 cm) and capacity (1 ml, 1.5 ml, 4 ml and 8 ml) of virus were chose to simulate the experiment of unexpected dropping.

RESULTSFirst, the positive quantity of the first group owning 5 years' experience is much less than the second group owning 2 years' work experience, the former was 7 positive wells, the latter was 81 positive when they used the pipette to operation. Second, when the unclosed test tubes (1 ml, 1.5 ml, 4 ml and 8 ml recombinant virus) inadvertently dropped, the largest spill distance was 0.92 m, 1.57 m, 2.63 m and2.68 m respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe better experience is important to make sure safety when we make infectious material; the contaminated distance increased with the amount of recombinant virus material.

Animals ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; standards ; Safety Management ; Virology ; manpower ; methods ; standards

PURPOSE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) activated by cancer cells has a central role in development and malignant biological behavior in colorectal cancer (CRC). Adult fibroblasts do not express Snail, but Snail-positive fibroblasts are discovered in the stroma of malignant CRC and reported to be the key role to chemoresistance. However, the reciprocal effect of CAFs expressed Snail to chemoresistance on CRC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Snail-overexpressed 3T3 stable cell lines were generated by lipidosome and CT26 mixed with 3T3-Snail subcutaneous transplanted CRC models were established by subcutaneous injection. Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and western blotting assays were performed, and immunohistochemistry staining was studied. The cytokines participated in chemoresistance was validated with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and heatmap. RESULTS: Snail-expression fibroblasts are discovered in human and mouse spontaneous CRCs. Overexpression of Snail induces 3T3 fibroblasts transdifferentiation to CAFs. CT26 co-cultured with 3T3-Snail resisted the impairment from 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel in vitro. The subcutaneous transplanted tumor models included 3T3-Snail cells develop without restrictions even after treating with 5-fluorouracil or paclitaxel. Moreover, these chemoresistant processes may be mediated by CCL1 secreted by Snail-expression fibroblasts via transforming growth factor β/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: Taken together, Snail-expressing 3T3 fibroblasts display CAFs properties that support 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel chemoresistance in CRC via participation of CCL1 and suggest that inhibition of the Snail-expression fibroblasts in tumor may be a useful strategy to limit chemoresistance.
Adult ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Count ; Cell Line ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Cytokines ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Fibroblasts* ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Vitro Techniques ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Paclitaxel ; Snails ; Transforming Growth Factors

OBJECTIVE: To improve the collection efficiency of leukapheresis, explore relatively scientific and objective evaluation indicators for collection effect, and observe the effect of high-volume leukapheresis on blood cells and coagulation function. METHODS: A total of 158 times of high-volume leukapheresis were performed on 93 patients with hyperleukocytic leukemia by using continuous flow centrifugal blood component separator. 1/5-1/4 of total blood volume of the patients was taken as the target value of leukocyte suspension for single treatment. In addition, the total number of white blood cells (WBCs) subtracted, value of WBCs reduction, rate of WBCs reduction, decrease value of WBCs count, decrease rate of WBCs count, amount of hemoglobin (Hb) lost, value of Hb lost, decreased value of Hb, total number of platelet (PLT) lost, the value of PLT loss, and decrease value of PLT count were used to comprehensively evaluate the collection effect of leukapheresis and influence on Hb level and PLT count of the patients. The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), and fibrinogen (Fib) concentration were detected before and after treatment, and the effect of leukapheresis on coagulation function of the patients was observed. RESULTS: The volume of leukocyte suspension collected in a single treatment was 793.01±214.23 ml, the total number of WBCs subtracted was 353.25 (241.99-547.28)×10⁹, the value of WBCs reduction was 86.98 (63.05-143.43)×10⁹/L, the rate of WBCs reduction was 44.24 (28.37-70.48)%, decrease value of WBCs count was 65.73 (37.17-103.97)×10⁹/L, decrease rate of WBCs count was (35.67±23.08)%, the amount of Hb lost was 17.36 (12.12-24.94) g, the value of Hb lost was 4.31 (3.01-6.12) g/L, decreased value of Hb was 4.80 (-1.25-9.33) g/L, total number of PLT lost was 222.79 (67.03-578.31)×10⁹, the value of PLT loss was 54.45 (17.29-139.08)×10⁹/L, and decrease value of PLT count was 26.00 (8.38-62.50)×10⁹/L. Before and after a single treatment, the PT was 14.80 (13.20-16.98) s and 15.20 (13.08-16.90) s (z=-1.520, P>0.05), the aPTT was 35.20 (28.68-39.75) s and 35.40 (28.00-39.75) s (z=-2.058, P<0.05), the TT was 17.50 (16.30-18.80) s and 17.70 (16.70-19.10) s (z=-3.928, P<0.001), and the Fib concentration was 2.87±1.13 g/L and 2.64±1.03 g/L (t=7.151, P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION High-volume leukapheresis can improve the efficiency of leukapheresis while maintaining the relative stability of the patients' circulating blood volume. The degree of influence on the patients' Hb level, PLT count, Fib concentration, and comprehensive coagulation indicators reflecting the patients' intrinsic and cxtrinsic coagulation activity is within the body's compensation range.
Blood Coagulation Tests ; Fibrinogen ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Leukapheresis ; Leukemia

To identify biomarkers for spleen Qi deficiency by analyzing small molecule metabolites in urine, in order to expound the relationship between biomarkers and metabolic pathways. The spleen Qi deficiency model was established through dietary restriction and overstrain. All of the rats received D-xylose absorption experiment and blood routine test. Urine samples were collected in the next day. The urine samples were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS to obtain the dataset of urine metabolic group. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partialleast squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and other multivariate statistical methods were employed to evaluate the quality of the dataset and screen out potential biomarkers of spleen Qi deficiency. The results of D-xylose absorption and blood routine demonstrated that the spleen Qi deficiency model was successfully established. In positive ion mode and negative ion mode, PCA and OPLS-DA score plots could clearly distinguish model group and blank group. According to S-plot of OPLS-DA, VIP value, t-test and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), 24 biomarkers, including phenylalanine, succinic acid, aconitic acid, isocitrate acid, betaine, kynurenine, indole, creatine, creatinine, orotic acid, xanthine, and xanthurenic acid, were identified as associated with the spleen Qi deficiency, mainly involving energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, purine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Urine metabolomics method combined with online software package for data processing and analysis metabolic pathway can provide new methods and ideas for studies for spleen Qi deficiency and other traditional Chinese medicine symptoms.