Apocrine carcinoma is a rare type of mammary cancer, which shows partial or total apocrine differentiation in either ductal or lobular carcinoma. The malignant transformation of apocrine epithelium of the breast was first described by Krompecher in 1916. It is well known that their relationship to true apocrine glands of the skin is only a morphological similarity, and this histological difference does not affect the prognosis. The authors experienced two cases of apocrine carcinoma of the breast which involved infiltrating ductal carcinoma of a 64-year old woman and intraductal carcinoma of a 69-year old woman respectively. Electron microscopic examination and brief review of literature was done.
Female ; Humans

We studied 24 cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas and six cases of benign lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin (2 Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration, 2 pseudolymphoma, 2 lymphomatoid papulosis) for the presence of Epstein-Barr Virus(EBV) RNA, using the in situ hybridization(ISH) method. Among the 24 cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), 18 cases including 12 cases of mycosis fungoides(MF) were primary CTCL, and the other 6 cases were secondary CTCL. The ISH study demonstrated a positive reaction for EBER probe in 6 out of the 24 cases(25%) of CTCL, and a negative reaction for BHLF nuclear RNA probe in all the cases studied. Double-labelling immunohistochemistry/ISH studies revealed that the EBV positive cells were CD45RO positive and CD20 negative. EBV genome was not demonstrated in any benign lymphoproliferative diseases of the skin. Among the EBER positive cases, none of the 12 cases of MF demonstrated EBER signals, and 6 out of the 12(50%) cases of CTCL were positive for EBER probe. In conclusion, latent infection of EBV may play a role in the development of non-mycosis fungoides T-cell lymphomas involving the skin.

Extra-capsular synovial chondroma is a rare condition in which metaplastic cartilaginous mass is formed by the cartilage nodule within the synovial connective tissue break through the joint capsule and continue to proliferate. The authors have experienced a case of giant extracapsular synovial chondroma, affecting the knee joint of 54 years old woman. A case of giant extra-capsular synovial chondroma is reported with brief review of literature.
Cartilage ; Chondroma ; Connective Tissue ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Capsule ; Knee Joint ; Knee

Wilms' tumor is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the kidney during infancy and childhood and is known to be originated from the primitive cells of metanephric blastema. It presents difficulties when encountered in deciding the presence of anaplasia or in differentiating it from other renal tumors of childhood with different biologic behavior because of its diverse histologic patterns and varying degrees of differentiation. Evaluation of clinical and histopathologic features in terms of prognostication was done of 32 cases of Wilms' tumor which were surgically resected and diagnosed in the period from January 1979 through June 1992. Immunohistochemical reaction for cytokeratin, vimentin, actin and desmin was also analysed on all cases of Wilms' tumor in conjunction with clear cell sarcoma of the kidney(CCSK), malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney(MRTK) and congenital mesoblastic nephroma(CMN) to assess the validity of immunohistochemistry in differentiating Wilms' tumor from these renal tumors. Twenty four(75%) cases were diagnosed before the age of 5 and 40.7% were under 2 years old. Mixed type was most common(62.5%), followed by epithelial, blastemal and stromal predominant type in descending order of frequency. Anaplasia was observed in 3 cases(9.4%), two of which were epithelial predominant type and one blastemal predominant type. Treatment modality and presence of anaplasia were significantly correlated with 5 year survival rate of patients. Immunohistochemical stain revealed that all epithelial component of Wilms' tumor were positive for cytokeratin and 56.3% of Wilms' tumor had blastemal component which were positive for both cytokeratin and vimentin. Twenty cases(62.5%) of Wilms' tumor had blastemal component which were positive for cytokeratin with a proportion of more than 5% of reactive cells. Stromal component of Wilms' tumor generally did not show differentiation into the specialized type of tissue and all revealed positive reactions for vimentin among which some revealed positive reactions for actin. Only 3 out of 6 cases with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation were positive for desmin. CCSK, MRTK and CMN which have different biologic behavior and treatment modality compared to Wilm's tumor showed positivity only for vimentin and/or actin. In summary, treatment modality and presence of anaplasia are significantly correlated with patients' survival and the immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin is very helpful in confirming the presence of blastemal component and useful in the differential diagnosis of Wilms' tumor from other kinds of pediatric renal tumors.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential

To evaluate the effect of preoperative treatment on proliferative activity and prognosis of the hepatocellular carcinomas(HCCs), fifty-three surgically resected HCCs were studied. Twenty cases were treated preoperatively and thirty-three were not treated before surgery. The proliferation index(PI, % of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells) of the remaining cancer cases(35.41). Although PI was similar among gross types and among histologic grades, tumors of the expanding type and of the histologic grade I revealed distinctly low PI in pretreated cases. Two-year survival rate was not significantly different between pretreated and not-pretreated cases(67.4 vs 52.7). But the differences between gross types(p<0.05) and between histologic grades(p<0.01) were significant. Total necrosis of tumor occurred in five pretreated patients, all of whom were alive during two-year follow-up. Smaller HCCs showed better prognosis(p<0.01). Although PI appeared not correlated well with the two tear survival rate, the pretreated HCCs preoperative modalities induce tumor necrosis, but do not reduce the proliferative activity of tumor cells significantly, and that pretreatment does not affect the long-term prognosis of HCCs except for the accasions of total necrosis of tumor.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

This study was undertaken to elucidate the short-term effect of iron on the hyperplastic lesions of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis. The Solt-Farber's resistant hepatocyte model was chosen for the experiment, and Sprague-Dawley rats wee divided into six groups: normal control, iron-rich diet administration with or without hydroxyquinoline. The iron content, microscopic changes, bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) labelling index and the DNA polidy were studied. In the carcinogen administered group, oval cell proliferation and consecutive hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte developed regardless of iron administration. The hepatic iron content was increased rimarkably by iron administration, but gradually decreased as the hyperplastic lesions developed in carcinogen administered groups. Although the administration of iron without carcinogen induced hepatic accumulation of stainable iron, the hyperplastic lesions appeared to be lack of it. BrdU labelling indices of the oval cells and the hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte were very high and were not significantly altered by iron administration. Most liver cells had diploid or tetraploid DNA content, but there was an increase of diploidy as the development of hyperplastic lesions regardless of iron administration. The results indicate that the chemical carcinogen-induced hyperplastic lesions of hepatocyte do not accumulate iron, and that short-term iron administration does not affect the development of hyperplastic lesions and their proliferative activity and DNA ploidy.
Rats ; Animals ; Carcinogens

No abstract available.
Eosinophilia*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotype of conjunctival epithelial cells auto-cultivated in vivo on human amniotic membrane (CIVAMs) in rabbits for ocular surface reconstruction. METHODS: A fornix based-conjunctival flap 8 mm in diameter was made in 12 eyes of rabbits. Amniotic membrane was implanted into the conjunctival defects. Rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells were cultivated in vivo on amniotic membrane for a week. A frozen section was made of the excised specimen. To investigate the phenotype of CIVAMs, Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining to anti-MUC5AC (monoclonal antibody to conjunctival goblet cell mucin), and transmission electron microscopy were performed. RESULTS In 11 of 12 eyes, conjunctival epithelial cells grew successfully on amniotic membrane. Light microscopy demonstrated two to three layers of cuboidal epithelial cells and two to three layers of stratified epithelial cells in CIVAMs. CIVAMs exhibited non-goblet epithelial differentiation as determined by immunohistochemistry to anti-MUC5AC. Transmission electron microscopy of CIVAMs showed fine structure similar to that of normal conjunctival epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: CIVAMs showed morphological findings similar to normal conjunctival epithelial cells and are expected to accomplish more rapid reconjunctivalization than simple amniotic membrane transplantation. We expect that CIVAMs will be adopted in treating conjunctival burn, symblepharon, conjunctiva-scleral ulcer, and filtering bleb leakage with conjunctival defects.
Amnion* ; Blister ; Burns ; Epithelial Cells* ; Frozen Sections ; Goblet Cells ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phenotype ; Rabbits* ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenotype of conjunctival epithelial cells auto-cultivated in vivo on human amniotic membrane (CIVAMs) in rabbits for ocular surface reconstruction. METHODS: A fornix based-conjunctival flap 8 mm in diameter was made in 12 eyes of rabbits. Amniotic membrane was implanted into the conjunctival defects. Rabbit conjunctival epithelial cells were cultivated in vivo on amniotic membrane for a week. A frozen section was made of the excised specimen. To investigate the phenotype of CIVAMs, Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining to anti-MUC5AC (monoclonal antibody to conjunctival goblet cell mucin), and transmission electron microscopy were performed. RESULTS In 11 of 12 eyes, conjunctival epithelial cells grew successfully on amniotic membrane. Light microscopy demonstrated two to three layers of cuboidal epithelial cells and two to three layers of stratified epithelial cells in CIVAMs. CIVAMs exhibited non-goblet epithelial differentiation as determined by immunohistochemistry to anti-MUC5AC. Transmission electron microscopy of CIVAMs showed fine structure similar to that of normal conjunctival epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: CIVAMs showed morphological findings similar to normal conjunctival epithelial cells and are expected to accomplish more rapid reconjunctivalization than simple amniotic membrane transplantation. We expect that CIVAMs will be adopted in treating conjunctival burn, symblepharon, conjunctiva-scleral ulcer, and filtering bleb leakage with conjunctival defects.
Amnion* ; Blister ; Burns ; Epithelial Cells* ; Frozen Sections ; Goblet Cells ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phenotype ; Rabbits* ; Ulcer

Background: The rising incidence of dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has underscored the need for collaboration between plastic surgeons and nephrologists, particularly concerning preoperative and postoperative management for facial reconstruction. This collaboration is essential due to a scarcity of comprehensive information in this domain. Methods: A study initiated in January 2015 involved 10 ESRD cases on dialysis undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery for facial skin cancer, followed by reconstructive surgery under general anesthesia. To ensure surgical safety, rigorous measures were enacted, encompassing laboratory testing, nephrology consultations, and preoperative dialysis admission. Throughout surgery, meticulous control was exercised over vital signs, electrolytes, bleeding risk, and pain management (excluding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Postoperative assessments included monitoring flap integrity, hematoma formation, infection, and cardiovascular risk through plasma creatinine levels. Results: Adherence to the proposed guidelines yielded a notable absence of postoperative wound complications. Postoperative plasma creatinine levels exhibited an average decrease of 1.10 mg/dL compared to preoperative levels, indicating improved renal function. Importantly, no cardiopulmonary complications or 30-day mortality were observed. In ESRD patients, creatinine levels decreased significantly postoperatively compared to the preoperative levels (p< 0.05), indicating favorable outcomes. Conclusion The consistent application of guidelines for admission, anesthesia, and surgery yielded robust and stable outcomes across all patients. In particular, the findings support the importance of adjusting dialysis schedules. Despite the limited sample size in this study, these findings underscore the effectiveness of a collaborative and meticulous approach for plastic surgeons performing surgery on dialysis-dependent patients, ensuring successful outcomes.