Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective: To analyze the level and influence factors of inflammatory factors among electrical workers in Hainan Province. Methods: A total of 509 electrical workers were selected as the research subjects with random cluster sampling in September 2020. Basic information was collected by questionnaire, the serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels of the subjects were detected by Luminex.Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-wallis H test were used for univariate analysis. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used for potential influencing factors of the level of inflammatory factors. Results: The median concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in serum were 2.78, 9.77 and 8.18 pg/ml. Compared with women, male was a risk factor for the increase of IL-6 levels (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.08~3.00, P=0.024) . Compared with 51-60 years old, 21-31 years old (OR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.18~0.42, P<0.001) , 31-41 years old (OR=0.27, 95%CI: 0.17~0.43, P<0.001) and 41-51 years old (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.41~0.99, P=0.043) were protective factors for the increase of IL-8 level. Compared with day shift workers, shift work was a risk factor for the increase of IL-8 level (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.21~2.48, P=0.003) . Compared with women, male was a risk factor for the increase of TNF-α levels (OR=2.87, 95%CI: 1.70~4.86, P<0.001) . Compared with workers who exposed to 7 or more occupational hazard factors, exposed to 1~3 (OR=0.53, 95%CI: 0.30~0.92, P=0.024) occupational hazard factors were protective factors for the increase of TNF-α levels. Conclusion: The level of inflammatory factors was related to sex, age, work system and occupational environment, which can provide basic data for follow-up research on occupational population.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/blood* ; Interleukin-8/blood* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood* ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the attention of community population in Shanghai to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related influencing factors. Methods Community populations in 27 community health service centers in Jing’an District and Minhang District of Shanghai were surveyed by stratified random sampling method. The investigation included the understanding the early symptoms, examination methods, dietary requirements and intervention measures of CKD and the attention to kidney health and the related influencing factors. Results The overall attention of community population in Shanghai to CKD was 31.4% (240/764). The community population paid the most attention to the treatment of CKD (57.5%, 439/764), followed by life expectancy (63.5%, 485/764), while the concerns about physical symptoms and urination change were the lowest (19.5% [149/764] and 21.7% [166/764], respectively). Residents aged 60 years or older, with junior college or above, and having participated in the CKD health lectures paid the most attention to CKD. Conclusion The attention of community population in Shanghai to CKD is low, suggesting that the health education should be strengthened to improve the cognitive level of CKD in community population.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and related risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the high-risk residents in Minhang District of Shanghai, so as to provide recommendation for the prevention of CKD. Methods A total of 22 811 subjects with high risk of CKD in Minhang District of Shanghai were screened by cluster random sampling method. The clinical data from the population were collected by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory examination, and were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 22 811 subjects, 9 605 (42.1%) were males and 13 206 (57.9%) were females. The number of suspected CKD patients was 5 989 (26.3%, 5 989/22 811) and the number of CKD patients was 1 633 (7.2%, 1 633/22 811). The detection rates of positive urinary protein and abnormal urinary red blood cell count in the males were significantly lower than those in the females (P0.01); there were no significant differences in the detection rates of abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or abnormal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) between different genders (P0.05). The detection rates of the above indexes in the non-aged group (65 years old) were lower than those in the elderly group (≥65 years old). There were no significant differences in the detection rates of positive urinary protein or abnormal UACR between different age groups (P0.05), while the detection rates of abnormal urine red blood cell count and abnormal eGFR were significantly different between different age groups (P0.01). Gender, age, body weight, height, blood pressure, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, hyperuricemia and history of renal transplantation were risk factors of CKD (P0.05), while body mass index, history of genetic kidney disease, family history of chronic nephritis, history of renal tubules lesions, renal ultrasound structural abnormalities and history of renal biopsy were not related to the occurrence of CKD (P0.05). Conclusion Early screening, early intervention and standardized health management are necessary measures to reduce the incidence of CKD in high-risk population of CKD. Specific measures include real-time control of high-risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose and so on), developing targeted regular health examination program, and strengthening the screening of CKD in elderly people, which can delay and control the CKD.

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between various complications of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and Chinese medical syndromes, thus indicating distribution laws of Chinese medical syndromes in various complications of CHF patients.

METHODSChinese medical syndrome typing was performed in 630 CHF patients by cross-sectional study of the demographic data, history of present diseases, related information on Chinese medical four diagnostic methods, and the distribution of complications. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation of various complications of CHF patients and Chinese medical syndromes.

RESULTSIn this study, recruited were common complications such as hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmia, hyperlipemia, and cerebral vascular accident, and so on. Main syndromes were sequenced as qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, water retention syndrome, yin deficiency syndrome, phlegm turbid syndrome, yang deficiency syndrome. Results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that correlation existed between common complications and Chinese medical syndromes. In CHF complicated hypertension patients, Logistic regression analysis showed qi deficiency syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome were negatively correlated with hypertension (P < 0.05). In CHF complicated diabetes patients, Logistic regression analysis showed phlegm turbid syndrome and water retention syndrome were positively correlated with diabetes (P < 0.05). In CHF complicated arrhythmia patients, there was no statistical difference in the distribution of each syndrome (P > 0.05). In CHF complicated hyperlipemia patients, Logistic regression analysis showed qi deficiency syndrome and water retention syndrome were negatively correlated with hyperlipemia (P < 0.05), while blood stasis syndrome, yin deficiency syndrome, and phlegm turbid syndrome were positively correlated with hyperlipemia (P < 0.01). In CHF complicated cerebral vascular accident patients, Logistic regression analysis showed qi deficiency syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome were negatively correlated with cerebral vascular accident (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere existed certain correlations between complications of CHF and the distribution of main Chinese medical syndromes. It could be used as guidance for treating CHF and its various complications by Chinese medicine and pharmacy.

Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Heart Failure ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yang Deficiency ; complications ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; complications ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo study the frequency of a 9 bp deletion polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in ethnic Miao, Buyi and Dong populations from Guizhou province.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PCR-PAGE) was used to detect the 9 bp deletion. The result was verified with DNA sequencing.

RESULTSTwo polymorphisms, including a standard pattern and a short pattern (the 9 bp deletion), were found among the three ethnic groups. The frequency of short pattern in 304 males was 23.0%. Respectively, those of Miao, Buyi and Dong ethnics were 28.6%, 26.8% and 13.7%. A statistically significant difference was detected among the three groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe frequencies of the 9 bp polymorphism were relatively high among ethnic Miao, Buyi and Dong populations from Guizhou, and there was a significant difference between the three.

Base Sequence ; China ; ethnology ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo investigate allelic frequencies of interluekin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter in Miao, Dong and Buyi ethnics of Guizhou.

METHODSTaqMan MGB-based real-time PCR was used to determine the genotypes of IL-10 -819 and IL-10 -592 in 589 Miao, Dong and Buyi ethnics of Guizhou.

RESULTSThe allelic frequency of IL-10 -819 in Miao ethnics was significantly different from those in Dong or Buyi ethnics. Allelic frequencies of IL-10 -592 in Miao ethnics was significantly different from those in Dong or Buyi ethnics. In Miao, Dong and Buyi ethnics, the distributions of genotype frequencies of IL-10 -819 and IL-10 -592 were statistically different from Han ethnics from Guizhou and Taiwan of China as well as South Koreans.

CONCLUSIONThere is a heterogeneity in the frequencies of polymorphisms of IL-10 promoter among different ethnic groups.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Groups ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo analyze the population genetics characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Gelao, Mulao, Maonan ethnic groups from Guizhou.

METHODSMinisequenceing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to analyze 12 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of mitochondrial DNA in the 3 ethnic groups.

RESULTSA total of 30 haplotypes were detected in 156 samples. The distribution of H1, H23 had differed between Mulao, Maonan and Gelao, respectively, and so did M7 among the three groups. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Mulao, Maonan had respectively differed from Gelao and the difference was also statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThere was a great similarity in the distribution of haplotypes of the mtDNA among the three ethnic groups, except for some difference in the distribution of certain haplotypes.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To investigate the association between interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter microsatellite polymorphisms and the susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection in Han,Yi and Yao ethnicities in GuiZhou province.Methods 500 volunteers were selected from Guizhou province.Ailelic frequency of IL-10.G and IL-10.R loci was identified by short tandom repeat polymerase chain reaction.The relativity between allelic frequency and HBV infection was analyzed.Results Genotype data from H-W analysis on all the IL-10 polymorphisms indicated that it was a random distribution.Very high HBV infection rates were found in the native ethnic minorities of Guizhou province.The overall HBV infection rate among the total population was 67.00％,with the HBV infection rates of Yi nationality in Weining,Yi nationality in Qianxi,Yao nationality in Libo and Han nationality in Libo as 51.85％,42.86％,79.52％ and 84.30％,respe~vely.The polymorphisms distribution of IL- 10.G and IL- 10.R were statistically different among the ethnic groups (P＜ 0.05 ).The polymorphisms distribution of IL-10.R had no significant difference between HBV infection group and non-infection group,as well as among HBV natural removal group and non-infected group in all the ethnic groups.The frequency of IL-10.G 459 bp (19CA) was significantly higher in non-infection group than in the infected group (P＜ 0.05 ).The frequency of IL-10.G 471 bp (25CA) was significantly higher in the non-infection group than in the HBV natural removal group(P＜0.05).The polymorphisms distribution of IL-10.G did not show significant difference between the HBV infection group and the HBV natural removal group in all the ethnic groups.We did not find any differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies of IL-10.G between infection group and non-infection group in Yi nationality in Weining,and Yao nationality in Libo (P＞0.05),as well as HBV natural removal group and non-infected group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The polymorphisms distribution of IL-10.R and IL-10.G did not show significant difference in Yi,Yao and Han ethnics population living in Guizhou province.IL-10.G seemed to influence the susceptibility of HBV infection in Han,Yao and Yi ethnics population of Guizhou province.

Objective To investigate the association between both regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES)-403G/A,-28C/G gene polymorphism and the susceptibilities to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection,among people with Dong and Han ethnicities,in Guizhou.Methods A total of 229 individuals with HBV persistence infection,161 HBV clearanced patients and another 200 controls were recruited to conduct a case-control study among residents with Dong or Han ethnicities.Allelic frequencies of both RANTES-403G/A and-28C/G were identified by TaqMan-MGB probe.Results Both RANTES-403G/A and-28C/G polymorphism in the HBV-persistent group,when compared to the HBV-clearances group,no significant difference was found (P＞0.05).Results from the univariate analysis showed that subjects carrying-403AG and-28GG genotype had higher risk on the susceptibility to HBV persistence infection.The distributions of RANTES-28C/G gene polymorphism between Dong minority and Han ethnicities regarding HBV persistence showed statistically significant difference (P＜0.05).There was no difference on the distributions of RANTES-403G/A gene polymorphism between Dong minority and Han ethnicities.Conclnsion Patients that carrying both RANTES-403AG and-28GG genotype had higher risk on the persistence to HBV,while RANTES-403A had contributed to the clearance of HBV infection.