Objectives: To investigate the effect of the addition of glutamine to WMO solution on the small bowel preservation. Methods:According to preservation solutions, the rats were divided randomly into three groups: University of Wisconsin solution(UW group), WMO solution (WMO group) and WMO solution with the addition of glutamine(WMO G group). And each group was redivided into two subgroups in terms of preservation time of 8 h or 12 h. The intestine was perfused by intubation via abdomial aorta, then the gut was flushed with metronidazole solution(4℃,5%). The proliferation of small intestine was observed through tissue culture. The histology, immunohistochemistry (TUNEL, PCNA) of intestinal mucosa and determination of ATP were used to evaluate the results. Results: Compared with UW group and WMO group, ATP contents of WMO G group were significantly higher, particularly in 12 h subgroup. Apoptosis in WMO G group was slighter than those in UW group and in WMO group. The difference in the two latter was not obviously, although pathological change in UW group was slighter than that in WMO group. The number of positive PCNA cells in WMO G group was more than that in other groups. Conclusions: The addition of glutamine to WMO solution could decrease injury of small bowel induced by cold ischemia, provide energy for the small bowel,and promote the proliferation of small bowel mocosal cell.

Glutamine is a conditional essential amino acid. It has many biological functions. It can promote the proliferation of immunologic cell. The common factor is the NADPH which is produced during the metabolism of glutamine.

Objective To explore the function of auditory efferent system in the subjects with tinnitus.Methods Effects of contralateral stimulation on otoacoustic emission in 24 subjects with tinnitus were measured for analysis the function of the medial olivo-cochlea system. Results ①The incidence of SOAE 41.7% in 24 normal ears,and 37.5%,20%,33.3% in different groups of tinnitus and the amplitude were suppressed. ②The suppressive amplitude of TEOAE was 2.1?0.8 dB SPL in 24 normal ears and 1.9?0.8 dB SPL in 16 ears with tinnitus, but there was no suppression in 8 ears with tinnitus. ③There were observable suppression in 3 ears, but 2 ears had no contralateral suppression in tinnitus with normal hearing group. 8 ears showed suppression in tinnitus with hearing loss, 2 ears had no changes. 4 ears had no contralateral suppression in tinnitus subjects with low frequency hearing loss.Conclusion The effects of suppression in the normal ears of subjects with tinnitus is as normal subjects, but those different results of suppression in the tinnitus ears indicate that mechanism of tinnitus is multiformity.

Objective To observe the expression of HBV-DNA and whether there were copy of HBV in the umbilical cord tissues of the died fetus delivered from puerpera with hepatitis virus B. Methods 40 cases such died fetus were collected by routine autopsy to obtain umbilical cord tissues.And using in situ molecular hybridization technique detected HBV-DNA. Results For the umbilical cord tissues, there were 40%(16/40) cases detected out HBV-DNA.HBV-DNA mainly localization in the surface of the umbilical cord vessel and in the cytoplasma of the cord vessel's endothelial cells. They were not in the cord vessel's endothelial cells nuclei. Conclusions There were HBV replication in the umbilical cord tissues of the died fetus. But the expression of HBV-DNA in the umbilical cord tissues of the died fetus is not related with the HBV replication status in the pregnant woman veins.

Objective To study the inhibition of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation(IDLPO)by apigenin on rat cerebral homogenate in vitro and to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of apigenin on acute transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods In vitro IDLPO on rat cerebral homogenate was induced with ferrous sulfate,the incubation mixture was observed at three various concentration of apigenin and deferoxamine(DFX),and malondialdehyde(MDA)level was assayed by the 2-thiobarbituric acid(TBA)test.In vivo,the transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model in rats was established with insertion of thread embolish into middle cerebral artery.In experiment groups the neurological behavior scores,TTC stain of brain slices,and neurocyte morphology were observed.The homogenate of left hemisphere was collected for investigating the effect of apigenin on content of MDA and activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in 24,48,and 72 h.Results MDA was reduced in three various concentration of apigenin on rat cerebral homogenate(P0.05).In vivo,abnormal neurological behavior scores existed and typical cortical infarct lesions were found by TTC stain in both apigenin and model groups.An obvious intracellular and intercellular edema and vacuolization were found in the cerebral cortexes and hippocampuses in model group.There was karyopycnosis in glias and neurons.However lesion was alleviated in apigenin group.The MDA contents in both apigenin and model groups were increased greatly compared to ones of Sham-operated group,respectively(P

Objective To study the effect of data envelopment analysis evaluation on nursing efficiency in general hospitals.Method The input indexes including the number of enrolled nurse,indirect nursing time,average annual nursing consumables and average annual continuing education time and the output indexes including hospitalized patient number and year-round nursing income of 10 nursing units in our hospital during October 2012 to October 2013 were collected and analyzed with C2R,C2GS2 model and C2R/ C2GS2 ratio from Data Envelopment Analysis.Result About 5 nursing units were effective in terms of overall efficiency,8 ones in terms of unit technical efficiency and 5 one in terms of nursing unite scale efficiency.Conclusions We need improve nursing efficiency in our hospital.Nursing managers should pay attention to the results and improve working process aiming at the practical situations.

Fuzi is a medicine used for rescuing from collapse by restoring yang as well as a famous toxic traditional Chinese medicine. In order to ensure the efficacy and safe medication, Fuzi has mostly been applied after being processed. There have been different Fuzi processing methods recorded by doctors of previous generations. Besides, there have also been differences in Fuzi processing methods recorded in modern pharmacopeia and ancient medical books. In this study, the authors traced back to medical books between the Han Dynasty and the period of Republic of China, and summarized Fuzi processing methods collected in ancient and modern literatures. According to the results, Fuzi processing methods and using methods have changed along with the evolution of dynasties, with differences in ancient and modern processing methods. Before the Tang Dynasty, Fuzi had been mostly processed and soaked. From Tang to Ming Dynasties, Fuzi had been mostly processed, soaked and stir-fried. During the Qing Dynasty, Fuzi had been mostly soaked and boiled. In the modem times, Fuzi is mostly processed by being boiled and soaked. Before the Tang Dynasty, a whole piece of Fuzi herbs or their fragments had been applied in medicines; Whereas their fragments are primarily used in the modern times. Because different processing methods have great impacts on the toxicity of Fuzi, it is suggested to study Fuzi processing methods.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; history ; methods ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the relationship between hearing loss and acoustic neuroma(AN),the tests of pure tone audiometry,acoustic emissions impedance audiometry,audiometry brainstem response(ABR)and evoked otoacoustic emissions(EOAE)wee measured in 14 patients (16 ears)from March 1999 to December 2000.Methods:Fourteen patients (16 ears)with acoustic neuroma (8 males and 6 females,ranging in age from 21 to 72 years old)were diagnosed by CT or MRI scaning,and final confirmed by surgery and pathology.In the auditory tests ,efferent suppression test was curried out only in 4 ears with recordable emissions,promontory stimulation test (PST)was examined only in 5 ears with severe or profound deafness (hearing loss≥80dB SPL)who have no both measurable ABR and recordable EOAE.Results:It was found that 2 ears (12.5%,2/16)of the AN ears showed neural impairment,6 ears (37.5%,6/16)were cochlear impairment and 8 ears (50.0%,8/16)were cochlear-retrocochlear impairment.All of 4 tumors ears with EOAE emission have a disorders of efferent function.Conclusion:EOAE test had significant value for evaluation of the status of cochlear function (at the level of outer hair cells)in AN patients.The retrocochlear auditory nerve function of AN patients were evaluated by the tests of ABR combined PST which showed significant value.Results showed that the hearing impairment of AN have different levels of the peripheral auditory system according to auditory tests,including cochlear,eighth cranial nerve and efferent nerve level at the same or independently.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of argatroban versus aspirin plus clopidogrel in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods Seventy five patients with acute ischemic stroke within 48h of symptom onset were randomly divided into two groups: argatroban group (argatroban was used for 7 days according to the instructions, followed by aspirin 100mg per day plus clopidogrel 75mg per day until discharge, n=35), and combination antiplatelet group (300mg of clopidogrel for the first day, then 75mg daily plus aspirin 100mg daily until discharge, n=40). Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification was assessed in patients before treatment. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used for rating neurological deficit score of patients, and Barthel index for rating activities of daily life (ADL), and modified Rankin scale for handicap score. NIHSS was assessed one week after enrollment, while ADL and mRS assessment were recorded 3 months after onset. Brain imaging, liver and kidney function, blood routine tests and blood coagulation capacity of the patients were measured before and one week after enrollment to observe changes in hemorrhage and biochemical indicators. Drugs-related adverse events were recorded during treatment. All patients received TOAST analysis before leaving hospital. Results 1. In both groups, NIHSS was reduced after oneweek treatment, compared with that before treatment, while ADL was improved at three-month follow-up, compared with those at admission. The results showed statistically significant difference (P<0.01) in each group, but no significant difference (P>0.05) was found between two groups. The transient ischemic attacks (TIA) disappeared in both groups. Brain imaging showed that in three patients the lesion advanced to infarction in argatroban group (total 6 patients), and two patients in the combined antiplatelet group (total 5 patients) suffered from the same change. 2. The brain imaging and measuring of relevant laboratory indicators of patients in both groups were performed again after one-week treatment. There was no bleeding events (including intracranial hemorrhage and hemorrhage in other organs) or impairment of hepatorenal function (P>0.05). 3. In both groups, OCSP classifications of patients were mainly divided into the partial anterior circulation infarction (PACI), lacunar infarction (LACI) and posterior circulation infarction (POCI), while TOAST etiological analyses of patients were mainly large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and small artery occlusion (SAO). In both groups, the neurological defects were improved after treatment, and there was no significant bleeding events during treatment period. There was no significant difference of NIHSS one week after enrollment between PACI subgroups (P>0.05), while better neurological improvement was showed in the POCI subgroup of argatroban group. Conclusions Argatroban anticoagulant and combination antiplatelet therapy with aspirin plus clopidogrel can effectively improve neurological deficit of patients, reduce recurrence rate and deterioration of the illness in acute phase, and improve patients' daily activities (ADL). Argatroban therapy showed better neurological function improvement in the posterior circulation infarction patients. As a new anticoagulant drug, argatroban is safe in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. For the patients who have infarction involving the posterior circulation, argatroban, as a more aggressive treatment, should be recommended. (The trial registered number: ChiCTR TRC-13003384)

Objective:To determine the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) in patients with psoriasis, and to evaluate the effect of tazarotene and narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) on the expression of MMP13 in mice with psoriasis-like dermatitis.Methods:Lesional skin tissues and normal skin tissues were collected from 18 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 10 healthy controls respectively, who were enrolled from General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between May 2019 and August 2019, and serum samples were collected from all the subjects. A total of 25 specific pathogen-free (SPF) male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, imiquimod group, imiquimod+NB-UVB group, imiquimod+tazarotene group and imiquimod+tazarotene+NB-UVB group. The control group received topical vaseline cream on the back once every morning; imiquimod group and imiquimod+NB-UVB group received imiquimod cream on the back once every morning; imiquimod+tazarotene group and imiquimod+tazarotene+NB-UVB group received imiquimod cream on the back once every morning, and tazarotene cream on the back once at night; imiquimod+NB-UVB group and imiquimod+tazarotene+NB-UVB group received NB-UVB irradiation on the back every other day at noon, with the dose being 300 mJ/cm 2 in the first session and increasing by 50 mJ/cm 2 in every session. The modeling lasted 7 days. After successful modeling, blood samples were obtained from the eyeballs of the mice, and skin tissues were resected from the back of the mice after being sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 8. Changes in the epidermal thickness and pathological manifestations were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, protein expression of MMP13 in skin tissues was determined by immunohistochemical study, and the serum level of MMP13 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons between 2 groups were performed by using two-independent-sample t test, comparisons among several groups by using one-way analysis of variance, multiple comparisons by using least significant difference- t test, and comparisons of enumeration data by using chi-square test. Results:The skin lesions of the patients with psoriasis were strongly positive for MMP13, and the MMP13 expression levels in the epidermis and serum (84.11±17.16, 13.29±3.95 μg/L, respectively) were significantly higher in the patients with psoriasis than in the healthy controls (11.98±4.08, 7.46±1.58 μg/L, respectively, both P< 0.01) . Compared with the control group (1.26±0.04 μm, 25.40±2.34, 185.76±7.22 μg/L, respectively) , a significant increase was observed in the epidermis thickness (7.93±0.59 μm, P< 0.01) , as well as MMP13 levels in the epidermis and serum in the imiquimod group (147.14±5.53, 215.98±15.17 μg/L, respectively, both P< 0.01) . Compared with the imiquimod group, the imiquimod+tazarotene group, imiquimod+NB-UVB group, and imiquimod+tazarotene+NB-UVB group all showed significantly decreased epidermal thickness (3.56±0.37 μm, 3.83±0.39 μm, 2.14±0.34 μm, respectively, all P< 0.05) , MMP13 levels in the epidermis (120.42±3.23, 91.08±0.46, 71.12±7.11, respectively, all P< 0.05) and serum (197.39±3.92 μg/L, 196.13±11.76 μg/L, 183.21±14.99 μg/L, respectively, all P< 0.05) . Conclusions:MMP13 protein expression markedly increased in the skin lesions and sera of patients with psoriasis, and decreased in skin lesions and sera of mice with psoriasis-like dermatitis after the treatment with tazarotene and NB-UVB. MMP13 may be involved in the development of psoriasis, and tazarotene and NB-UVB may inhibit the development of psoriasis by reducing the expression of MMP13.