OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the uncooperative behaviors of first-visit-dental children and correlative factors that include children's temperament, severe of dental caries and so on in order to help dentists to make personal dentistry therapy plan for each child to prevent and deal with children's uncooperative behaviors.

METHODSFrom the pediatric dentistry clinic, 195 first-visit-dental children (aged 3-7 years) from Dec. 2007 to Dec. 2008 were randomly selected to accept dental examination and accepted corresponding treatment according to personal therapy plans. Children's clinic behavior was valued during treatment. The parents were asked to complete NYLS temperament parents scale questionnaires for 3-7 years old children.

RESULTSAmong the 195 children, there were 114(58.46%) had dental fear and anxiety(DFA) and 66 (33.85%) had dental behavior management problem (DBMP). As the children's age increased, the incidence of DBMP decreased. There were no statistical relationship between genders and children's DFA/DBMP. The children's severity of dental caries was related to their dental behavior, the more serious the caries, the more incident the DFA/DBMP of children. There were no statistically significant differences for the DFA/DBMP of temperament type children. But the score of sensory threshold was higher in DFA children, while physiological rhythmicity was lower in DBMP, the differences were significant.

CONCLUSIONIn order to reduce the incidence of DFA/DBMP, we should pay more attention to children with serious caries, and provide them individual behavior management for different ages and temperament.

Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Anxiety ; Dental Care ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Humans ; Male

AIM: To observe the effect of partial liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbon on gas exchange, hemodynamics and lung histological change in the piglets with surfactant depletion-induced acute lung injury. METHODS: 12 piglets were treated by lung lavage to a partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO 2) below 100 mmHg for one hour and randomly divided into gas ventilation group (control group) and partial liquid ventilation (PLV) group, in PLV group, piglets received PFC (FC3280) intratracheally at doses of 15 mL/kg. The parameters of gas exchange and hemodynamics were measured before lung lavage, after lung lavage when the acute lung injury (ALI) was established, and 1 hour, 2 hours after ALI. Animals underwent euthanasia at the end of the study, lung histologic analysis followed. RESULTS: Surfactant depletion by lung lavage induced a stable acute lung injury.Gas exchange increased markedly in the animals that underwent PLV, less hemodynamic damage was observed in PLV group compared with the animals in GV group. Lung histologic analysis demonstrated a less lung damage, including atelectasis, neutrophil excudation, intra-alveolar hemorrhage and interstitial edema in PLV group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: In piglets with surfactant depletion-induced acute lung injury, partial liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbon can improve the gas exchange with less adverse hemodynamic effect and less lung injury compared with conventional gas ventilation.

Objective To identify the differences inneuropsychological characteristics between amnestic(AMCI)and vascular mild cognitive impairment(VMCI).Methods Totally 297 old community residents with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)were divided into amnestic MCI(AMCI)and vascular MCI(VMCI)subgroup from Guangzhou MCI prevalence survey.The elderly with MCI were interviewed and tested with the Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),the Mini-Mental state examination(MMSE),Auditory Verbal Learning Test(AVLT),the Clinical Dementia Rating scale(CDR),Functional Activity Questionnaire(FAQ),the Modified Hachinski Ischemic Scale(M-HIS),Center for Epidemiologic Studies(CES-DC)to evaluate neuropsychological characteristics.Results AMCI versus VMCI group showed that the total scores of MoCA were(9.63±5.17 vs.9.98±6.02),total scores of MMSE were(16.90±4.84 vs.16.90±6.19),AVLT immediate memory was(2.35±1.39 vs.2.91±1.84),AVLT delayed recall was(2.23±2.09 vs.2.47±2.20),AVLT delayed recognition was(7.33±3.98 vs.6.85±4.02)and total scores of CDR(0.5 vs.0.5),with no differences between the 2 groups(all P>0.05).Based on MoCA survey,AMCI versus VMCI group showed statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)in parameters of visual space and execution(0.71±1.02 vs.0.92±1.26),language function(0.34±0.56 vs.0.50±0.80)and abstract thinking(0.25±0.49 vs.0.15±0.43),but based on MMSE survey,no difference was found in the various cognitive domains between the two groups.The AMCI versus VMCI group showed statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)in parameters of CES-DC scale(1.75±4.27 vs.2.76±6.72),FAQ scale(4.42±4.66 vs.8.71±7.03),M-HIS scale(0.40±0.64 vs.7.59±3.53).Conclusions There is no significant difference in general cognitive impairment between AMCI and VMCI,but the visual space and execution,language function are more impaired in AMCI than VMCI,and the abstract thinking,social function are more impaired with more depressive symptoms in VMCI than in AMCI.

AIM:To investigate the role of B7 homologue 6 (B7-H6) over-expression in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. METHODS:The full-length fragment of B7-H6 gene was amplified by PCR and sub-cloned into linearized eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP to construct recombinant B7-H6 over-expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-B7-H6. The recombinant plasmid was identified by double digestion, PCR and sequencing, and was then transfected into L02 cells. The expression of EGFP was observed by fluorescence microscopy and the transfection efficiency was evaluated by flow cytometry. B7-H6 expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The L02 cells transfect-ed with pIRES2-EGFP-B7-H6 recombinant plasmid were co-cultured with NK-92 cells at different effector/target ratios,and the cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells was evaluated by CCK-8 assay.RESULTS:The strong green fluorescence in the L02 cells was observed under fluorescence microscope 48 h after transfection. The transfection efficiency reached 92.6%. The ex-pression of B7-H6 at mRNA and protein levels was remarkably increased 48 h after transfection. The cytotoxicity of NK-92 cells against L02 cells transfected with pIRES2-EGFP-B7-H6 plasmid was significantly higher than that of the null vector transfection group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP-B7-H6 was constructed successfully. The cytotoxic effect of NK-92 cells against L02 cells can be enhanced by transfecting L02 cells with pIRES2-EGFP-B7-H6 plasmid.

Objective To investigate the root and canal morphology of primary mandibular second molars in a Chinese population by cone-beam CT (CBCT).Methords A total of 305 CBCT images of 305 children aged 4-8 years were collected,who came to West China Dental Hospital from October,2011 to March,2012 due to supernumerary teeth,dental trauma,orthodontic treatment or oral maxillofacial tumor.Primary mandibular second molars which roots were full developed,without periapical infection or apical root resorption were enrolled.All the images were analyzed by two researchers.The data were statistically analyzed by software SPSS 19.0.Results Four hundred and thirty-seven primary mandibular second molars (PMSM) showed single mesial root except one which had two.Three hundred and twenty-five (74.4％) teeth had one distal root,111 (25.4％) teeth had two and one had three.There were 424(97.0％) teeth which had two mesial canals and 13(3.0％) had one.One hundred and three(23.6％)teeth had one distal root with one canal,222(50.8％) had one distal root with two canals,106(24.3％)had two distal roots with two canals,5 (1.1％) had two roots with three canals and 1 (0.2％) had three roots with three canals.The root canal system of PMSM had ten variants in this study.The prevalence of three-rooted PMSM had significant differences from different genders (P =0.000) and different sides (P =0.028).Conclusions Majority of primary mandibular second molars had two roots,and the minority had three roots.The prevalence of three-rooted molars in males were higher than that in females.Mesial and distal roots of primary mandibular second molars often had two canals.

To study the intervention programs on smoking cessation in a general hospital and to evaluate its effects of the programs. Four methods including: a) the intervention through specialists in the smoking cessation clinic, b) short-time intervention in the out-patient department,c) free medical intervention, d) group intervention, were adopted for different smokers, with health counseling, psychological intervention and drug treatment. Intervention effect was evaluated by standard methods. During the 20-month period of the project, we treated 690 cases and 402 completed 6-month follow-up. Preliminary results in 402 cases showed that the three methods of smoking cessation interventions could reduce the amount of cigarette smoking and increase the quitting rate. Motivation to quit smoking, intervention methods and intensity of intervention seemed cessation clinic (31.6%) and in the group intervention (30.9%) was higher than short-time intervention in free medical events (15.1%). The successful rate of smoking cessation depended on the motivation of quitters, and the attitude, methods and intervention skills of the physicians.Therefore, it is necessary to explore and develop smoking cessation service models suitable to national context and individual intervention methods in China.

Objective To assess the risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)bloodstream infection(BSI)and 28-day short-term mortality in elderly patients,and provide reference for the pre-vention and treatment of CRAB BSI.Methods Clinical data of patients aged ≥60 years and diagnosed with AB BSI in a hospital in Yulin City from January 2013 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed,including demogra-phic and microbiological characteristics,as well as clinical outcomes of the patients.Variables which were significant in univariate analysis were selected for multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression model and Cox propor-tional hazards model.Independent risk factors for infection were further determined,and survival analysis was per-formed using Kaplan-Meier curve.Results A total of 150 patients were included in the study,out of which 16 pa-tients(10.7％)had CRAB BSI and 134 had carbapenem-sensitive AB(CSAB)BSI.The 28-day short-term mortali-ty of AB BSI in elderly patients was 15.3％(23/150,95％CI:9.6％-21.1％),and the short-term mortality of CRAB BSI was higher than that of CSAB([56.3％,9/16]vs[10.4％,14/134]).Deep venous catheterization(OR:15.598,95％CI:1.831-132.910)and combined infections of other sites(OR:15.449,95％CI:1.497-159.489)were related to CRAB BSI in elderly patients.The independent risk factors for 28-day mortality in elderly patients with AB BSI were hemodialysis(OR:11.856,95％CI:2.924-48.076),intensive care unit admission(OR:9.387,95％CI:1.941-45.385),and pulmonary infection being suspected source of bacteremia(OR:7.019,95％CI:1.345-36.635).Conclusion The occurrence of CRAB BSI in elderly patients is related to the combined infection of other sites and deep vein catheterization.Hemodialysis,admission to ICU,and pulmonary infection being suspected source of bacteremia are independent risk factors for the prognosis of AB BSI in elderly patients.

Objective To explore the effect of management by walking around of head nurses on improving patients' satisfaction.Methods Totals of 9 wards which shifts arranged by APN were chose,and the management by walking around by nurse managers was implemented.Then,the satisfaction degree of patients was compared before and after the intervention.Results Patients with higher degree of familiarity with the nurse managers,their satisfaction degree was also higher,wards as cardiovascular,gynaecology,general surgery,orthopedics and neurosurgery which patients' average familiar rate with head nurses was 57.26％ or above,their patients' satisfaction degree were significantly higher than that others (r =0.71,P ＜ 0.05).After implemented the management by walking around,the patients' satisfaction degree was increased from 89.5％ to 92.8％ (t =1.86,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Management by walking around applied in nursing management can improve the patients' satisfaction degree.

Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indicator is more suitable for children and adolescents.We aimed to investigate the relationship between HW,HWHtR,WHR,and cardiovascular risk factors clustering to determine the best screening tools for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Methods This was a national cross-sectional study.Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed in approximately 70,000 participants aged 6-18 years from seven provinces in China.Demographics,physical activity,dietary intake,and family history of chronic diseases were obtained through questionnaires.ANOVA,x2 and logistic regression analysis was conducted. Results A significant sex difference was observed for HWHtR and WHR,but not for HW phenotype.The risk of cardiometabolic health risk factor clustering with HW phenotype or the HWHtR phenotype was significantly higher than that with the non-HW or non-HWHtR phenotypes among children and adolescents(HW:OR = 12.22,95%CI:9.54-15.67;HWHtR:OR = 9.70,95%CI:6.93-13.58).Compared with the HW and HWHtR phenotypes,the association between risk of cardiometabolic health risk factors(CHRF)clustering and high WHR was much weaker and not significant(WHR:OR = 1.14,95%CI:0.97-1.34). Conclusion Compared with HWHtR and WHR,the HW phenotype is a more convenient indicator with higher applicability to screen children and adolescents for cardiovascular risk factors.

Objective To reveal genotype-phenotype correlation of disease-causing gene mutations in Chinese hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM)pedigree.Methods Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from two Chinese HCM families and 120 healthy subjects were recruited as normal control.The full encoding exorts and flanking sequences of the cardiac troponin T gene(TNNT2),beta-myosin heavy chain gene(MYH7)and myosin binding protein C gene(MYBPC3)were amplified with the polymerase chain reaction method,DNA sequencing was used to detect the mutation.Results In ZZJ family,mutation G12101 A was identified in exon 21 of MYBPC3 gene in 4 family members [the arginine(R)converted to histidine(H)].in this pedigree,three out of eight family members were diagnosed as HCM and with a penetrance of 75%.In FHL family,mutation G15391A was identified in exon 23 of MYH7 gene in 3 family membeF8[the glutamic acid(E)convened to iysine(K)].In this pedigree,three out of six family members were diagnosed as HCM and with a penetrance of 100%.Echocardiography showed obstruction of left ventficular ontflow tract in two out of the three HCM patients.Conclusions Our results showed that the G12101 A mutation of MYBPC3 gene is the causal mutation of familial HCM with mild phenotype.The G15391 A mutation of MYH7 gene is the causal mutation of familial HCM with malignant phenotype and a penetrance of 100%.Screening mutations in the MYH7 gene should be viewed as a reasonable procedure in obstructive HCM patients.