No abstract available.
Head* ; Neck* ; Neurilemmoma*

No abstract available.
Mandible*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been reported that ozone exposure exacerbate allergic rhinitis symptoms and may contribute to increase allergic rhinitis prevalence. However, a causal relationship still remained unsolved. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether prolonged exposure to ozone induce Th2 immune response without allergen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen BALB/c mice were divided into two groups: control group and ozone exposure group. Mice were exposed to 0.3 ppm of ozone for 4 hours a day, 3 times per week, for 4 weeks. At 24 hour after the last ozone exposure, nasal lavage fluid (NLF) was obtained to measure the levels of cytokine IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma. After lavage fluid was obtained, blood was obtained via inferior vena cava to measure the amount of total IgE and IgG1. The concentration of cytokines and immunoglobulins was measured using the ELISA method. In addition, Luna staining was performed to identify eosinophils infiltrated in nasal mucosa. RESULTS: The levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in NLF were significantly increased in ozone exposure group compared with control group. But the level of IFN-gamma in NLF shows no significant difference between two groups. Serum total IgE and IgG1 were significantly increased in ozone exposure group compared with control group. On histologic examination, number of eosinophils infiltrating nasal mucosa was significantly increased in ozone exposure group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that repeated ozone exposure induces Th2 response in the nasal mucosa of mice.
Animals ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Eosinophils ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-5 ; Mice* ; Nasal Lavage Fluid ; Nasal Mucosa ; Ozone* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Vena Cava, Inferior

Traumatic rupture of the corpus cavernosum of the penis is rare and has been reported infrequently. We experienced 4 cases of penile fracture for recent 2 years. They occurred during coitus(1 case), masturbation(2 cases), and through blunt trauma(1 case). The former 3 cases were treated with immediate surgical intervention about 12 hours after injury. When the last case patient visited hospital 5 days after injury, the penile abscess treated immediately with surgical intervention had developed. Surgery consisted of complete evacuation of the hematoma or pus and repairing of the tear at the tunica albuginea. The results were excellent, with complete early recovery of erectile function. Delayed wound healing was observed only in a patient who underwent surgery about 5 days after injury, but this did not cause any complication afterward. In our experiences, immediate surgical treatment is recommended in patients with fracture of the penis.
Abscess ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; Rupture ; Suppuration ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: he purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cyclic changes of unilateral nasal obstruction and nasal geometry in patients with septal deviation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one young adults with anteriorly located septal deviation were selected. With acoustic rhinometry, we measured minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) and nasal volume (NV) in 20 minutes interval for 7 hours. The patients were required to assess their own unilateral nasal obstruction on a linear visual analogue scale immediately prior to acoustic rhinometric measurements. After plotting of MCA and VAS as a function of time, we determined whether cyclic changes were present or not. Correlation between subjective scores and objective measurements were calculated using Pearsons correlation coefficient. We calculated delta (sigma) value in patients with cyclic changes of MCA and VAS to compare the unilateral MCA changes to corresponding VAS changes of each nasal cavity. The formula for calculating Delta value was Delta value=m(Npeak-Wtrough)/m(Wpeak-Wtrough): where m is the sample mean, Npeak the peak of narrow side, Wpeak the peak of wide side, Wtrough the nadir of wide side. RESULTS: Fifteen subjects showed classic alternating nasal cycle in MCA and ipsilateral VAS with significant positive linear correlation. Despite the diverse distribution of delta value of MCA cycle (sigma(M)), the mean delta value of VAS cycle (sigmaV) was about 0.8, thus representing a small difference of patency of each nasal cavities in patients with septal deviation. CONCLUSION: In most patients, nasal sensation of patency fluctuated with a similar amplitude with each other regardless of the degree of septal deviation.
Acoustics ; Humans ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Obstruction* ; Rhinometry, Acoustic ; Sensation ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Inverted papilloma is characterized by a high rate of recurrence, local aggressiveness and association with malignancy. We reviewed the 16-year experience of our institution in clinical presentation, history and the recurrence rate according to the tumor stage and surgical modalities. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 102 patients diagnosed as inverted papilloma between January, 1986 through August, 2002. Demographic data, clinical presentations, and association with malignancy were analyzed. All patients with inverted papilloma were staged according to the Krouse's staging system. Sixty eight patients followed up at least 6 months were divided into endoscopic and conventional surgery groups. We compared the recurrence rate between the two groups according to the tumor stage. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Patients were aged 19 to 81 years, and 73.5% were male. The most frequent presenting complaint was nasal obstruction. The most common site of involvement was the lateral nasal wall in the region of the middle meatus. The overall malignancy rate was 8.8% (9 cases), with synchronous tumors accounting for 7 cases and metachronous tumors accounting for 2 cases. When patients were first diagnosed, the most common stage was T2 (52.7%). The recurrence rates of T1, T2 and T3 were 10%, 11.1% and 4.8%, respectively, with no significant difference. Also the recurrence rates in endoscopic and conventional surgery group according to the stage had no significant difference.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidemiologic and clinical trials have suggested that ozone exposure increase airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory response to allergen challenge in allergic asthmatics. But the effect of ozone exposure on the allergic rhinitis is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ozone increases the nasal inflammatory response to allergen challenge in experimentally induced allergic rhinitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into four groups : (A) NSS (normal saline) group, (B) group challenged by allergen (ovalbumin), (C) group exposed to ozone, and (D) group exposed to ozone followed by allergen (ovalbumin) challenge. To induce the allergic rhinitis in group B and D, rats was immunized intraperitoneally with ovalbumin, followed by intranasal nebulization of ovalbumin. In group C and D, rats were exposed to 0.3 ppm ozone for 3 days (6 hr/day). We recorded the symptoms (snort and scratching) for 5 min after the last nebulization. We also examined the infiltration of inflammatory cells, morphological changes of nasal mucosa, and Evans blue extravasation in septal rnucosa. RESULTS: Infiltration of neutrophils in nasal mucosa was significantly increased in group D compared with group B (p <0.05). Morphological changes such as loss of cilia and epithelial hyperplasia were more pronounced in group D than in group B (p <0.05). Evans blue extravasation was significantly higher in group D than in group B (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results may suggest that ozone enhances the inflammatory responses to allergens in allergic rhinitis patients.
Allergens ; Animals ; Cilia ; Evans Blue ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Nasal Mucosa ; Neutrophils ; Ovalbumin ; Ozone* ; Permeability ; Rats* ; Rhinitis*

No abstract available.
Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular*

No abstract available.
Fontan Procedure*

No abstract available.
Thoracic Surgery*