It is well known that histologic grade and tumor stage are important prognostic factors, and that the monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) can recognize S-phase cells. The PCNA index of 53 transitional cell carcinomas(TCCs) of the urinary bladder was studied to evaluate its prognostic validity. The PCNA indices of TCCs ranged from 38 to 92, whih were quite different from that of normal transitional epithelium(9.4). The PCNA indices were significantly higher in tumors of the higher histologic grade and/or tumor stage(correlation coefficient 0.64 and 0.43; P=0.00). The PCNA index was particularly valuable in discriminating the superficial TCCs from the deeply invasive TCCs(67.1+/-15.46 and 79.9+/-9.70; P=0.000). Among TCCs of the same tumor stage, the histologic grade affected the PCNA index. However, TCCs of the same histologic grade revealed similar PCNA indices regardless of tumor stage. These results indicate that the PCNA index is an objective and reliable prognostic factor in TCCs, which is superior to the conventional histologic grade.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Titanium-Nickel alloy might be used in various prosthetic restorations since it has a unique property such as super-elasticity and high fatigue resistance. However, little is known about the casting ability of this alloy. PURPOSE: This in vitro study compared the casting accuracy and the porosity made with different investments and various sprue designs to ascertain what casting condition would be better for the fabrication of Ti-Ni cast restorations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 70 Ti-Ni alloy crowns were made and divided into 7 groups of 10 copings on a metal master die. For measuring the effect of the sprue numbers, two groups with one and two 8-gauge sprues were compared. Moreover, the results of the conventional sprue and the double thickness sprues were compared. Three investments were used; carbon free phosphate bonded investment, titanium investment and gypsum bonded investment. The cast restorations were evaluated at 48 points on the entire circumferential margin with a stereomicroscope measuring in micrometers. Each crown was radiographically examined for casting defects and porosity. Data on casting accuracy were analyzed using two-way and Post hoc Scheffe's comparison to determine whether significant differences existed at the 95% confidence level. Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed to identify significant differences in the number of voids. RESULTS: The double sprueing group and double thickness group had significantly less marginal discrepancy than the single sprueing group (P<.05 and P<.01, respectively). The castings with phosphate bonded investment showed the least marginal discrepancy and the smoothest surface. The castings invested in the gypsum bonded investment had the greatest gaps in margin and the largest failure rate. The double sprueing group and phosphate bonded investment group had significantly smaller void numbers and smaller void size than the other groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the casting accuracy of the groups using thicker, double sprue design and the phosphate bonded investment was significantly superior. Moreover, void number and size were less than other groups.
Alloys ; Calcium Sulfate ; Carbon ; Celiac Disease ; Crowns ; Fatigue ; Investments ; Porosity* ; Titanium

Pedunculated lipofibroma is a rare disorder characterized by ectopic deposits of mature adipose tissue in the dermis. It is a dorne shaped or sessile papule which occurs at any site and develops later in life. We, herein, report two cases of pedunculated lipofibroma which have developed on the chin of a 64-year-old man and the buttock of a 47-year-old woman.
Adipose Tissue ; Buttocks ; Chin ; Dermis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

We report two cases of malignant schwannoma of skin in association with non-familial neurofibromatosis. Case 1, a 47 year old man, had a large subcutaneous tumor on the sacral area and case 2, a 62 year old woman, a painful, ulcerating tumor on the posterior aspect of the left arm. Both cases were histopathologically confirmed as malignant schwannomas and immunohistochemical studies showed 5-100 protein in the tumor cells. After surgical excision of the tumors, case 1 was lost to follow up, while case 2 remained without evidence of disease for more than one and half years.
Arm ; Female ; Humans ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Neurilemmoma* ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Skin ; Ulcer

We report herein a case of smooth muscle hamartoma associated with Beckers nevus in a 5-year-old female. The child presented with a slight.ly brownish. 2 x 3 cm sized, pigmentecl patch with follicular accentuation on the right forearm, witch had been observecl since age of 2. Histopathologic findings showed the epidermal changes most consistent with Becker's nevus and the presence of irregularly arranged hyperplastic smooth muscle hundless in the dermis.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermis ; Female ; Forearm ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Actinomycosis*

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to better understand nursing education in the early years of the Japanese colonial rule. Methods: We compared the 1918 Textbook on Nursing with the first Textbook on Nursing and to the original text, Grade A Textbook on Nursing, by the Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) using the historical research method. The background of its publication and its use in nursing education were exploring, too. Results: After Korea’s annexation by Japan, the nursing textbook by the JRCS was appointed as the standard textbook in nursing education by the Government-General in Korea (GGK). Missionary nurse got the permission for the nursing textbook by JRCS and the Textbook on Nursing was published in 1918 using Korean and Chinese characters in combination. This book, an adaptation of the original text, explained the responsibilities and roles of nurses to guide them in serving patients as well as assisting in treatment or directly performing emergency medical treatment when necessary, with a focus on the treatment of the war wounded. It would have been partially used in actual nursing education among the missionary community. Conclusion Textbook on Nursing in 1918 was published not only for the nursing students of missionary nursing schools but also for other nursing trainees of diverse hospitals, nurses and missionary volunteers and to help them to acquire the licenses. It reflects the enforcement on nursing education by GGK and the reality and resistance in terms of the content of education of nursing in Korea during that period.

After a remarkable decline for several decades, the incidence of tuberculosis as a whole and, in particular, the extrapulmonary type, is on the rise in the world. The resurgence of the tuberculosis was attributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms and increase of immunodepressed hosts. Although tuberculosis of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is rare, it is important to include it in the differential diagnosis for chronic nasal symptoms. The authors have experienced six cases of sinonasal tuberculosis. We reviewed these cases as representing the characteristics of sinonasal tuberculosis occurring in Korea.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Incidence ; Korea ; Nasal Cavity* ; Paranasal Sinuses* ; Tuberculosis*

The endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology may add to the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic biopsy and brush cytology. It is also of particular value in submucosal, infiltrative and ulceronecrotic tumors. Endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology was done with sclerotherapy needle(23 gauge) in. the 17 patients with submucosal tumor(18 cases), extrinsic compression(2 cases), infiltrative gastric cancer(one case) and cancer of the ampulla of Vater(one case) on the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology established the diagnosis in 6 cases(submucosal tumor of the stomach; 2 cases, submucosal tumor of the duodenum; one case, extrinsic mass of the duodenum; one case, infiltrative cancer of the stomach; one case, and the cancer of ampulla of Vater; one case) of 17 cases. There were negative results for malignancy in 7 cases and material insufficiency in 4 cases. Five cases of the positive results with endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology were not diagnosed with endoscopic forceps biopsies. There was no complication. We conclude that endoscopic fine needle aspiration cytology is a simple and safe technique and is of particular value in submucosal tumor, extrinsic compression of the upper gastrointestinal tract by tumor, and infiltrative gastric cancer.
Ampulla of Vater ; Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis* ; Duodenum ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Sclerotherapy ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Surgical Instruments ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

PURPOSE: To investigate the rate and the degree of the ocular hypertensive response to dexamethasone ointment in children undergoing eyelid surgery. METHODS: Dexamethasone ointment (Dexcosil(R)) was applied three times a day for the first week and twice a day for the second to third week postoperatively to children undergoing epiblepharon surgery. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured on the day before surgery, postoperative day 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 2 weeks thereafter until the IOP reached preoperative levels. Peak IOP, IOP net increase and time to reach a peak IOP were analyzed. Dexamethasone ointment was discontinued if the IOP was 25 mmHg or more. RESULTS: A total of 96 children (mean age, 6.5+/-2.7 years) were included. Preoperative mean IOP was 13.6+/-2.9 mmHg (range 7-19). After dexamethasone ointment treatment, the children showed a significant rise in IOP as compared with the preoperative values. The peak IOP was 20.6+/-4.9 mmHg (range 11-39) and the time to reach peak IOP was 8.5+/-5.9 days. The low responders (delta IOP< or =5 mmHg) of our group comprised 35.4% (34/96) of patients, intermediate responders (delta IOP 6-15 mmHg) comprised 56.3% (54/96) of patients and high responders (delta IOP> or =16) comprised 8.3% (8/96) of patients. A net increase in IOP was significantly higher in children 5 years old or less as compared with those older than 5 years (age< or =5, 9.4+/-7.5 mmHg vs age>5, 6.3+/-4.4 mmHg; p=0.015, unpaired t-test). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular hypertensive response after dexamethasone ointment to the eyelids occurred frequently in children, especially those 5 years old or younger.
Prospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Postoperative Period ; Ointments ; Ocular Hypertension/*chemically induced/physiopathology ; Male ; Intraocular Pressure/*drug effects ; Humans ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Follow-Up Studies ; Female ; Eyelid Diseases/surgery ; Dexamethasone/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Administration, Topical