No abstract available.
Fingers*

Capillaria hepatica is an extremely common parasite of rats. Several human cases have also been reported from various parts of the world and recently these aroused the clinical interests. The present study was undertaken to investigate the biological observations of C. hepatica and the changes occurring in blood picture and serum protein in the experimentally infected hosts. The source of C. hepatica obtained from the deposit of non-embryonated eggs encapsulated in the liver of house rats(Rattus norvegicus) in Seoul. The eggs isolated from the infected liver tissues by the freshly prepared artificial gastric juice at 37 C and embryonated in the incubator 27 to 30 C for four to five weeks. For the observation of migratory pathway to the liver, ten mice were infected orally with 1,000 embryonated eggs of C. hepatica, and another ten mice were infected intraperitoneally. No larvae were found in the washings of peritoneal cavity after oral infection, but after the third day of infection, the larvae were isolated from liver tissues. These indicated that the majority of larvae are transported to the liver by the hepatic portal system. On the other hand, 1,000 embryonated eggs of C. hepatica were inoculated into the peritoneal cavity of mice by mantoux syringe containing antibiotics. One third of inoculated eggs hatched out in the peritoneum during two days after inoculation, hatched in the peritoneal cavity invade directly to the surface of liver. Twenty white rats were infected orally with 1,000 to 2,000 embryonated eggs for the study of the development of C. hepatica in the liver and histopathological changes of the infected liver in the course of infection. C. hepatica in the liver of white rats developed rather slowly at the first tenth day after infection, but at the 13th day developed rapidly in its size. The worms were sexually differentiated at the l7th day after infection. At the 20th fully formed eggs appeared in the white or yellowish lesions on the surface of rat liver and they are also found in uterine tubule of the female worm. After the 33rd day, male worm disappeared and only female worms packed with eggs were detected in the liver tissues. However the long hair-like tightly coiled worms were also usually found in the hepatic cysts, and the degenerated or dead worms were observed in the small cysts on the surface of the liver at the 59 th day after infection. Microscopical examination on the first week after infection revealed inflammatory reactions with the dilatation of central vein, Kupffer cell mobilization, focal necrosis and perivascular infiltration. After two weeks of infection granulomatous inflammation were observed around or adjacent to the worms in the lobules. The worms are surrounded by macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, a dense infiltration of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and, especially, eosinophils. After the third and fourth week, the microscopical findings of infected rat livers have shown proliferation of connective tissues and regeneration of liver cells. During the fifth to sixth week after infection, rat liver showed marked proliferation of fibrous connective tissues encapsulated the worms and massive deposition of the eggs. At the later time the liver reveals many pseudolobules which are caused by postnecrotic cirrhosis. These are irregularly subdivided into lobule by a fibrous septum. The worms were fragmented by the phagocytes and encapsulated by connective tissues. And then finally they appeared to be replaced by the calcium-like material. The liver shows typical cirrhosis after the eighth week after infection. In order to investigate the changes of blood picture and serum protein components of rabbits infected with C. hepatica, twenty rabbits were divided into four groups by the doses of eggs. Group A was given doses of 1,000 embryonated eggs, group B 5,000 eggs, group C 10,000 eggs and group D 30,000 eggs. The pictures of blood especially leukocyte and eosinophil counts and of serum protein were checked every week for ten weeks in the course of infections. The marked elevation of the leukcocyte, eosinophil counts and percentage of eosinophils was observed at the sixth to the seventh week in the course of infection in all groups of rabbits. At the tenth week after infection a decrease was shown in their counts. However in the heavily infected groups (Group C and D) these values persisted relatively in high levels even thereafter. In the white rats given doses of 1,000 to 2,000 eggs, eosinophil counts increased to the peak at the fourth week and decreased at the seventh week after infection. The changes in serum protein components of infected rabbits were investigated by paper electrophoresis. Blood collections were done by the cardiac puncture in the early morning. Serum total protein was determined by Biurets method, serum protein fractionating and A/G ratio by paper electrophoresis using Whatman No.l filter paper and barbital buffer (pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.06). Total protein increased at the sixth and seventh week after infection and the albumin and A/G ratio had decreased significantly in the heavily infected groups at the fifth and sixth week. The alpha-globulin and beta-globulin were not significant in the lightly infected groups(Group A and B), but they decreased after seventh week in the heavily infected groups. The gamma-globulin and gamma/A ratio of the heavily infected groups were significantly increased at fifth to seventh week. Statistically the calculation of entropy was applied to the data obtained in all groups. In the lightly infected groups, the entropy was included almost in the normal ranges, however in the heavily infected groups it was excluded from the normal range during the first to eighth week after infection.
parasitology ; helminth ; nematoda ; pathology ; biochemistry ; hematology ; rabbit ; rat ; alpha-globulin ; beta-globulin ; gamma-globulin

A total of 624 rodent of six species was examined for trematodes. Five species of trematodes were considered, of which Fibricola seoulensis sp. nov. was reported as a new species. Plagiorchis muris, Echinostoma cinetorchis and Euparyphium murinum was recorded for the first time from Korea. Descriptions are included for each species considered.
parasitology-epidemiology-helminth-trematoda ; Fibricoa seoulensis ; Plagiorchis muris ; Echinostoma cinetorchis ; Echinostoma hortense ; Euparyphium murinum ; Rattus norvegicus ; Apdemus agarius ; Rattus rattus alexandrinus ; Mus musculus yamashinai ; Mircrotus fortis pellceus ; Crocidura russula

Aortoesophageal fistula is an uncommon and fatal complication after surgery of aortic aneurysm. A case of aortoesophageal fistula as a complication of synthetis patch aortoplasty for mycotic aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta is described. After 3 months since patch aortoplasty for mycotic aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta this patient visited the emergency room due to melena and hematemesis. After gastrofiberoscopy and computed tomography the patient was taken ot the operating room. The surgical intervention was performed in two steps. Median sternotomy and midline laparotomy were made. Hemashield's Dacron(16mm) bypass between ascending thoracic aorta and infra-renal abdominal aorta was established first. Through the posterolateral thoracotomy false aneurysm and previous Hemashield's Dacron patch of descending aorta were resected. The two ends of the aorta were sutured and esophageal fistula was repaired. The esophageal suture line and the stumps were covered with omental graft. Thirty months later the patient has had no difficulty referable to the aortic surgery.
Aneurysm, False ; Aneurysm, Infected* ; Aorta ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Esophageal Fistula ; Fistula* ; Hematemesis ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Melena ; Operating Rooms ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Sternotomy ; Sutures ; Thoracotomy ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Until recently lateralization or localization of language area was possible only by electrical stimulation or Wada test. We describe here a convenient and noninvasive method of language localization with functional magnetic resonance image (MRI). METHOD: Twelve healthy right-handed Korean young volunteers (M:F=9:3, mean age: 24 years) were recruited for this study. We collected brain activation image of 6 slice using gradient echo EPI (Echo-planar imaging) during 8 sets of resting and activation periods. During resting periods, each of 10 Korean nouns composed of two to four syllables was shown continuously every 3 seconds and the subjects were required to simply read the words. The activation task was to generate words as many as possible beginning with the same initial syllable seen on screen without any movement. The data were analyzed using SPM (statistical parametric mapping) and the activated signals were overlayed on a T1-weighed image. RESULT: The activated areas were observed in the perisylvian areas including inferior frontal gyrus and middle superior temporal gyri in 9 subjects. (left in 7, right in 2) Another one subject showed nonsignificant activation in left pre-& postcentral gyrus. The remaining two subjects showed only motion artifacts. Therefore, except motion artifact we localized motor speech areas in 9 of 10 subjects. CONCLUSION: Activation of motor speech area is observed by functional MRI using EPI technique efficiently, quickly and noninvasively. Such functional mapping may have value for the neurosurgical planning.
Artifacts ; Brain ; Electric Stimulation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Volunteers

Pulmonary sequestration is an abnormal lung tissue that does not communicate with tracheobronchial tree, and that receives blood supply from anomalous arteries. Pulmonary sequestration is divided into two anatomical forms, intralobar and extralobar. Extralobar pulmonary sequestration is usually located between the diaphragm and the lower lobe and has systemic arterial supply and venous drainage, and most patients are diagnosed in their infancy. We report an extralobar pulmonary sequestration located between the right upper lobe and the lower lobe in a 48-year-old female adult, which has anomalous blood supply from the right pulmonary artery and venous drainage directly into the left atrium.
Adult ; Arteries ; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration* ; Diaphragm ; Drainage ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery

Metacercariae of Microphalloides japonicus were isolated from five kinds of crab which were collected at the Delta areas of Naktong river. These metacercariae were fed to experimental animals. Some of these metacercariae were also incubated in screw cap tube at 37 C. The longevity and developmental difference between flukes grown in vivo and in vitro were described. The total number of crabs examined were 2245 and Helice tridens tridens showed highest incidence among five species of brackish water crabs. Some of these metacercariae were fed experimentally to mice and rats, and the mature worms were obtained in the host intestine 24, 48, and 72 hours after infection. The adult and larval morphology of this fluke was described. Utilizing three kinds of medium, the adult worms of Microphalloides japonicus have been successfully developed under axenic conditions in vitro. Eggs containing adult worm were obtained in all of three media, i.e., Ringer's solution, Tyrode's solution, and Serum-Tyrode (1:1) solution. The adult worms were morphologically similar to flukes grown in vivo, but there were certain degree of difference between adult flukes grown in vivo and in vitro.
parasitology ; epidemiology-helminth ; trematoda ; Microphalloides japonicus ; metacercaria ; Helice tridens tridens ; Ringer's solution ; Tyrode's solution ; Serum-Tyrode (1:1) solution

Evaluation of the mechanism of anemia in cancer patients might help to select patients for the more efficient use of erythropoietin (EPO, a growth factor for erythroid precursor cells). For this, we investigated whether the production of EPO responds to anemia and the bone marrow responds to EPO appropriately, and whether chronic inflammation is inhibitory to erythropoiesis in anemic cancer children. Serum levels of EPO, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in anemic cancer children were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and then the correlation coefficients between those parameters and hemoglobin (Hb) were determined. Both in leukemia and in solid tumor patients, there were significant inverse correlations between Hb and EPO (leukemia: tau=-0.547, p<0.0001; solid tumor: tau=-0.591, p<0.0001), and between sTfR and EPO (leukemia: tau=-0.223, p<0.05; solid tumor: tau=-0.401, p<0.05). In contrast, sTfR showed a correlation with Hb in leukemia (tau=0.216, p<0.05) but not in solid tumor patients. sTfR was suppressed in 53% of anemic episodes of leukemia and 78% of those of solid tumor patients. Our results suggest that in cancer children, the EPO production is not defective and chronic inflammation is not inhibitory to erythropoiesis. Rather, the defective erythropoiesis itself is thought to be responsible for the anemia.
Anemia/etiology/*physiopathology ; Blood Sedimentation ; Bone Marrow/physiology ; Child ; Erythropoiesis/*physiology ; Erythropoietin/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms/complications/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Transferrin/blood ; Solubility ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism

A case of endobronchial tuberculosis with left main bronchial stenosis and atelectasis of left lower lobe in a 26-year-old female is reported. She had taken antituberculous agents for 9 months, but she complained of chest pain and coughing. Bronchoscopy revealed patency of left upper bronchus and bronchiectasis of left lower lobe. She underwent left lower lobectomy with bronchoplasty. After the operation she had significant improvement of pulmonary function. Although surgical treatment of endobronchial tuberculosis is controversial, bronchoplastic surgery can be an effective treatment of tuberculous bronchial stenosis because it relieves patients from symptoms by preserving lung functions.
Adult ; Bronchi ; Bronchiectasis ; Bronchoscopy ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Cough ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Tuberculosis

An investigation of the helminth parasites of house rat R. norvegicus Erxl. in Seoul has been carried on four years. A total of 325 rat was examined. Ten species of helminths were considered, of which 4 species were recored for the first time from Korea. The adult worm of Capillaria hepatica, the most common parasite of house rats in Seoul, was observed experimentally, and provided a more complete description of this worm.
parasitology ; epidemiology ; helminth ; trematoda ; nematoda ; cestoda ; Echinostoma hortense ; Fibricola seoulensis ; Taenia taeniaformis, Hymenolepis nana ; Hymenolepis diminuta ; Heterakis spumosa ; Syphacia obvelata ; Nippostrongylus muris ; Trichosomoides crassicauda ; Capillaria hepatica