Purpose: To investigate the clinical results of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in eyes previously implanted with a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (PIOLs). Methods: The medical records of 27 eyes were retrospectively reviewed. Each eye had history of implantation of posterior chamber PIOLs and newly got FLACS. Complications of intraoperative anterior capsulotomy and lens fragmentation were investigated. Uncorrected and corrected visual acuities (UCVA and BCVA), keratometric and manifest refraction (MR) values were compared preoperatively and postoperatively 1 day, 2 months and 6 months. Results: All eyes completed anterior capsulotomy without any intraoperative complication. However, 13 eyes out of 18 eyes experienced incomplete lens fragmentation. Vaultings of 5 eyes with complete lens fragmentation were 460.40 ± 199.11 μm (0.84 ± 0.35 corneal thickness [CT]) and vaultings of the other 13 eyes with incomplete lens fragmentation were 225.85 ± 151.2 μm (0.43 ± 0.29 CT). 2 eyes with vaultings of 460 μm and 412 μm failed to complete lens fragmentation due to corneal opacity. All eyes could be completed whole surgery without additional complications. Conclusions FLACS in eyes with posterior chamber PIOLs is useful to execute anterior capsulotomy. However, there is a limitation in doing lens fragmentation because of bubble accumulated under PIOLs.

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term follow-up results of arcuate keratotomy in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. METHODS: The medical records of 78 patients (99 eyes) with corneal astigmatism >0.5 diopters (D) who underwent arcuate keratotomy concurrent with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Uncorrected and corrected visual acuities and keratometric and higher order aberration outcomes were compared preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean uncorrected visual acuities and corrected visual acuities changed from 0.55 ± 0.31 D and 0.33 ± 0.26 D, preoperatively to 0.13 ± 0.19 D and 0.07 ± 0.09 D, 2 years postoperatively. The mean preoperative corneal astigmatism was −1.15 ± 0.66 D. This was reduced to −0.79 ± 0.38 D at 1–2 days after surgery (p < 0.001), followed by no significant change for 2 years. The mean target-induced astigmatism was 1.15 ± 0.66 D preoperatively, and the mean surgically-induced astigmatism and difference vector were 0.69 ± 0.43 D and 0.83 ± 0.48 D, 2 years postoperatively. The mean correction index was 0.68 ± 0.45, 2 years postoperatively. There was no significant difference in higher order aberrations except 4 mm and 6 mm total higher order aberrations and 6 mm trefoil between preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Arcuate keratotomy concurrent with femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery is a safe and effective way to reduce corneal astigmatism which remained stable over 2 years of follow-up with below moderate astigmatism.
Astigmatism ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lotus ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Purpose: To observe results in drusen patients with epiretinal membrane after a vitrectomy and membrane peeling. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included drusen patients diagnosed with epiretinal membrane after vitrectomy with membrane peeling. Twenty eyes had epiretinal membrane with drusen (group 1) and 112 eyes had epiretinal membrane without drusen (group 2). At the 6 month follow-up, central foveal thickness and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated. In Group I, the results with drusen size <65 μm and size >65 μm were compared. The largest drusen size change was measured and compared according to the existence of preoperative intraretinal cysts or ellipsoid zone disruption. Results: Preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively, the average size of the largest drusen was 198.23 ± 27.34 and 192.23 ± 26.12 μm, respectively, and there was no significant change during the follow-up period. Group I patients with intraretinal cysts and ellipsoid zone disruption experienced low BCVA during the preoperative period; the BCVA had improved postoperatively at 6 months, but with limitations. Conclusions Postoperatively at 6 months, no significant change was observed in the largest drusen size after vitrectomy and membrane peeling. Thus, drusen patients with epiretinal membrane, as well as intraretinal cysts or ellipsoid zone disruption can expect an extended recovery period and slow BCVA improvement.

PURPOSE: To present differences in visual acuity and macular structure before and after surgery in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) according to the presence of retinoschisis. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 324 eyes with idiopathic ERM, that underwent pars plana vitrectomy with ERM and internal limiting membrane peeling, and were followed for more than 6 months. Subjects were classified into two groups according to the presence of retinoschisis using preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT; group 1, ERM with retinoschisis; group 2, ERM without retinoschisis). Preoperative and postoperative macular structure changes and surgical outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Group 1 included 61 eyes, and group 2 included 263 eyes. Group 1 had a significantly higher preoperative and final postoperative best-corrected visual acuity compared with group 2 (p = 0.01, p = 0.02). Preoperative disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) was significantly less in group 1 than group 2 (p = 0.01). Preoperative central macular thickness was not significantly different between the two groups. However, postoperative central macular thickness was significantly lower in group 1 than group 2 (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, p < 0.01). The ratio of the inner or outer layer in the total retinal thickness before surgery was significantly smaller in group 1 than in group 2 (p = 0.02, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative visual acuity was better and the occurrence of DRIL was less in idiopathic ERM with retinoschisis than without retinoschisis. Postoperative visual and structural outcome was better in idiopathic ERM with retinoschisis than without retinoschisis. Retinoschisis may have played a role in reducing the tractional force given to the inner and outer retina.
Epiretinal Membrane ; Humans ; Membranes ; Observational Study ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinoschisis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Traction ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Purpose: To observe results in drusen patients with epiretinal membrane after a vitrectomy and membrane peeling. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included drusen patients diagnosed with epiretinal membrane after vitrectomy with membrane peeling. Twenty eyes had epiretinal membrane with drusen (group 1) and 112 eyes had epiretinal membrane without drusen (group 2). At the 6 month follow-up, central foveal thickness and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated. In Group I, the results with drusen size <65 μm and size >65 μm were compared. The largest drusen size change was measured and compared according to the existence of preoperative intraretinal cysts or ellipsoid zone disruption. Results: Preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively, the average size of the largest drusen was 198.23 ± 27.34 and 192.23 ± 26.12 μm, respectively, and there was no significant change during the follow-up period. Group I patients with intraretinal cysts and ellipsoid zone disruption experienced low BCVA during the preoperative period; the BCVA had improved postoperatively at 6 months, but with limitations. Conclusions Postoperatively at 6 months, no significant change was observed in the largest drusen size after vitrectomy and membrane peeling. Thus, drusen patients with epiretinal membrane, as well as intraretinal cysts or ellipsoid zone disruption can expect an extended recovery period and slow BCVA improvement.

No abstract available.
Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis*

OBJECTIVE: To describe the classification and prognosis of the patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). METHOD: The medical records of thirty one patients, who were diagnosed as SMA by electromyography or muscle biopsy from January 1987 to December 1999, were reviewed retrospectively. Classification of SMA was mainly based on age at onset and achieved milestones. RESULTS: Patients with SMA type I, II and III were 17 (54.8%), 7 (22.6%) and 3 (9.7%) respectively. Four patients were unclassifiable due to functional improvements. Two patients who were classified as SMA type I, had achieved ability to sit unaided at last follow up (at 20 months and 24 months old). Two patients who were classified as SMA type II, could walk independently at last follow up (at 34 month and 26 years old). In three of SMA type I patients, functional improvements of rolling over and head control were achieved. CONCLUSION: Classification of SMA based on age at onset and achieved milestones was helpful in prediction of prog nosis. But 12.9% of SMA patients were not classifiable due to unexpeceted functional improvement.
Biopsy ; Classification* ; Electromyography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUNDS: Toenail dermatophytosis is a common disease caused by dermatophytes. As it may cause not only a cosmetic disfigurement but also the physical, psychological, and social limitations, the need for the treatment has been increased. Recently, itraconazole and terbinafine have been popularly used with less serious side effects than before. OBJECTIVE: We performed a retrospective study to observe the mycological results of antifungal therapy after the treatment of toenail dermatophytosis for 12 weeks. METHOD: The study population consisted of 169 patients with toenail dermatophytosis in Catholic Skin Clinic from June, 2003 to October, 2005. RESULTS: Threre was no significant difference in mycological cure rate between the oral itraconazole group and the oral terbinafine group (52.2% vs 52.0%; p=0.985). Mycological cure rate of the oral terbinafine with 5% amorolfine nail lacquer group was insignificantly higher than that of the oral itraconazole with 5% amorolfine nail lacquer group (55.6% vs 40.6%; p=0.309). There were no significant difference between the different age groups, sexes, and cultured organisms. CONCLUSION: In toenail dermatophytosis, both of the oral itraconazole therapy and the oral terbinafine therapy are very effective and there was no significant difference in the mycological results after the 12 weeks therapy of toenail dermatophytosis.
Arthrodermataceae ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Lacquer ; Nails* ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Tinea*

A Case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a 5-year old girl is reported. Although twenty four pediatric cases of cryptococcosis were reported in Korea for the past 15years, this case's clinical picture is interesting and make diagnostic difficulties from miliary tuberculosis. She was transferred from a local clinic under the impression of miliary tuberculosis with chest X-ray showing miliary shadows. Mantoux test showed strong positive. She was not vaccinated BCG and had a history of contact with tuberculous patient for a month. Cough, fever and abdominal pain were persisted in spite of antituberculous medications(INH & RMP). CSF examination revealed cryptococcus cyst. Facial skin lesions which looked like Moluscum contagiosum at first became to be umbilicated and disseminated. It was diagtococcal lesions with little inflammatory response. In spite of treatment with 5-FC and Amphotericin B, her general condition became worse and died of respiratory failure. A brief review of the literature was done.
Abdominal Pain ; Amphotericin B ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; Cryptococcosis* ; Cryptococcus ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung* ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Skin* ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Miliary

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of T2-weighted oblique coronal MR imaging (T2OCI) in the differential diagnosis of complete and partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients with ACL tear (16 complete and 17 partial tears), comfirmed by arthroscopy, were included in this study. Conventional MR imaging and T2OCI were performed, and the findings were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in terms of continuity, shape, axis and internal signal intensity of the ligament. Each finding was tested if there were stastistically significant differences in its prevalence between partial and complete tears. The diagnostic accuracy of T2OCI and conventional MR imaging in the detection of partial and complete tears of the ACL were compared. RESULTS: Conventional MR imaging revealed no statistically significant finding for differential diagnosis of complete and partial ACL tears. The reliable and statistically significant (p<0.001) findings of T2OCI were complete discontinuity of the ligament in cases involving complete ACL tears (14 of 16 complete tears and 2 of 17 partial tears) and the preservation of the band form for partial ACL tears (2 of 16 complete tears and 15 of 17 partial tears). The accuracy of T2OCI and conventional MR imaging was 88% and 70%, respectively. CONCLUSION: When ACL injury is vague on conventional MR images, a modality which is more useful in the differential diagnosis of partial and complete tears of the ACL, and in predicting the site of a tear, is T2-weighted oblique coronal imaging.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Humans ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies