No abstract available in English.
Diverticulum* ; Tracheobronchomegaly*

To elucidate the effect of copper on the 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene(3'-MeDAB) induced hepatic carcinogenesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups according to 3'-MeDAB and copper administration: I. noraml control, II. copper only, III. 3'-MeDAB only, IV. 3'-MeDAB plus copper. The animals of groups III and IV were fed experimental diet containing 0.06% 3'-MeDAB. Copper was administrated intraperitoneally in a dose of 0.5 mg, twice a weak. Animals were sacrificed at different intervals. Liver weight, hepatic copper content and gross and microscopical changes of the liver were examined and the cell kinetics of various lesions in the hepatic carcinogenesis was studied by applying the immunohistochemical method for bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU). The hepatic copper content was significantly increased in animals given copper but returned to the normal value after cessation of adminstration. 3'-MeDAB administration caused oval cell proliferation and produced hyperplastic nodules, cholangiofibrosis and carcinoma of the liver. Simultaneous administration of copper did not alter the incidence of 3'-MeDAB induced lesions, except for carcinoma. The liver weight and the size of hepatic nodules and masses were smaller in group IV than in group III. The liver weight as well as the nodularity and the mass formation continued to increase affect cessation of 3'-MeDAB administration. Copper did not affect the BrdU labelling indices of the hepatic lesions induced by 3'-MeDAB. The oval cell proliferation and the BrdU labelling indices of the oval cell and the hyperplastic nodule were decreased, but the incidence of cholangiofibrosis and its BrdU labelling index were still elevated after cessation of 3'MeDAB administration. These findings indicate that copper could delay the developement of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions, but not suppress, since copper does not stay long enough to accumulate in the rat liver, and that copper could not affect the proliferation of 3'-MeDAB induced hepatic lesions once developed.
Rats ; Animals ; Incidence

Atypical condyloma is a variant of flat condyloma characterized by the presence of atypical koilocytes having large hyperchromatic, smudged and often bizarre nuclei. Atypical condyloma can be frequently misdiagnosed on cytologic smear and on tissue sections by its marked cellular atypia, as high grade dysplasia, in situ or even invasive squamous cell carcinoma. We described two cases of atypical condyloma of the female genital tract. The cytologic features and histologic changes were reminiscent of those of invasive squamous cell carcinoma and severe degree of dysplasia of the uterine cervix. The differential findings between atypical condyloma and squamous cell carcinoma were discussed in detail.
Female ; Humans

The apoptosis, a distinctive type of individual cell necrosis, has been considered to play a complementary but opposite role to mitosis in the regulation of animal cell populations. It can be initiated or inhibited by a variety of environmental stimuli, physiologically and pathologically. Apoptosis seems to appear in either non-neoplastic or neoplastic tissues, even malignant tumors in the state of untreatment or irradiation. This study was carried out to investigate the spontaneous occurrence of apoptosis in squamous carcinomas of the uterine cervix and its mechanisms. Light microscopically, noted were the condensation and fragmentation of individual tumor cells with formation of apoptotic bodies that were frequently phagocytosed by nearby intact tumor cells. They were commonly seen in the neighbourhood of coagulative necrosis. Electron microscopically (TEM and SEM), noted were nuclear condensation, margination toward the nuclear membrane and fragmentation of membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies that were well preserved. The intracellular apoptotic bodies were phagosomes and reduced to electron-dense lysosomal residual bodies. The conclusion obtained was as follow: Apoptosis was found in all cases of squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix, of which the frequency was higher in tumors of poor differentiation than those of well to moderate differentiation. The process of the apoptosis is considered to pass through the step of formation of the apoptotic bodies, phagocytosis by adjoining tumor cells or histiocytes, and then degradation as lysosmal residual bodies.
Animals

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify and compare hospice care research topics between Korean and international nursing studies using text network analysis. METHODS: The study was conducted in four steps: 1) collecting abstracts of relevant journal articles, 2) extracting and cleaning keywords (semantic morphemes) from the abstracts, 3) developing co-occurrence matrices and text-networks of keywords, and 4) analyzing network-related measures including degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and clustering using the NetMiner program. Abstracts from 347 Korean and 1,926 international studies for the period of 1998–2016 were analyzed. RESULTS: Between Korean and international studies, six of the most important core keywords-“hospice,”“patient,”“death,”“RNs,”“care,” and “family”-were common, whereas “cancer” from Korean studies and “palliative care” from international studies ranked more highly. Keywords such as “attitude,”“spirituality,”“life,”“effect,” and “meaning” for Korean studies and “communication,”“treatment,”“USA,” and “doctor” for international studies uniquely emerged as core keywords in recent studies (2011~2016). Five subtopic groups each were identified from Korean and international studies. Two common subtopics were “hospice palliative care and volunteers” and “cancer patients.” CONCLUSION: For a better quality of hospice care in Korea, it is recommended that nursing researchers focus on study topics of patients with non-cancer disease, children and family, communication, and pain and symptom management.
Child ; Hospice Care* ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nursing ; Nursing Research ; Palliative Care ; Semantics

No abstract available.
Animals ; Dinoprostone* ; Female ; Humans* ; Menstrual Cycle* ; Oviducts*

PURPOSE: This study tried to understand discourses of life-sustaining treatments in general daily and healthcare newspapers. METHODS: A text-network analysis was conducted using the NetMiner program. Firstly, 572 articles from 11 daily newspapers and 258 articles from 8 healthcare newspapers were collected, which were published from August 2013 to October 2016. Secondly, keywords (semantic morphemes) were extracted from the articles and rearranged by removing stop-words, refining similar words, excluding non-relevant words, and defining meaningful phrases. Finally, co-occurrence matrices of the keywords with a frequency of 30 times or higher were developed and statistical measures—indices of degree and betweenness centrality, ego-networks, and clustering—were obtained. RESULTS: In the general daily and healthcare newspapers, the top eight core keywords were common: “patients,” “death,” “LST (life-sustaining treatments),” “hospice palliative care,” “hospitals,” “family,” “opinion,” and “withdrawal.” There were also common subtopics shared by the general daily and healthcare newspapers: withdrawal of LST, hospice palliative care, National Bioethics Review Committee, and self-determination and proxy decision of patients and family. Additionally, the general daily newspapers included diverse social interest or events like well-dying, euthanasia, and the death of farmer Baek Nam-ki, whereas the healthcare newspapers discussed problems of the relevant laws, and insufficient infrastructure and low reimbursement for hospice-palliative care. CONCLUSION: The discourse that withdrawal of futile LST should be allowed according to the patient's will was consistent in the newspapers. Given that newspaper articles influence knowledge and attitudes of the public, RNs are recommended to participate actively in public communication on LST.
Advisory Committees ; Bioethics ; Delivery of Health Care ; Euthanasia ; Farmers ; Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing ; Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Life Support Care ; Palliative Care ; Periodicals ; Proxy ; Semantics

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis. METHODS: 321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis. RESULTS: In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were “pain,” “patient,” “pain management,” “registered nurses,” “care,” “cancer,” “need,” “analgesia,” “assessment,” and “surgery.” While some keywords like “education,” “knowledge,” and “patient-controlled analgesia” found to be important in Korean studies; “treatment,” “hospice palliative care,” and “children” were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were “pain and accompanying symptoms,” “target groups of pain management,” and “RNs' performance of pain management.” It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as “performance,” “attitude,” “depression,” and “sleep” have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as “assessment,” “intervention,” “analgesia,” and “chronic pain” have become important in international studies. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients' use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Analgesia ; Child ; Chronic Pain ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Korea ; Nursing Care ; Nursing Research ; Nursing ; Pain Management ; Pain Measurement ; Quality of Life ; Semantics

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore and compare the knowledge structure of pain management nursing research, between Korea and other countries, applying a text network analysis. METHODS: 321 Korean and 6,685 international study abstracts of pain management, published from 2004 to 2017, were collected. Keywords and meaningful morphemes from the abstracts were analyzed and refined, and their co-occurrence matrix was generated. Two networks of 140 and 424 keywords, respectively, of domestic and international studies were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3 software for degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector community analysis. RESULTS: In both Korean and international studies, the most important, core-keywords were “pain,”“patient,”“pain management,”“registered nurses,”“care,”“cancer,”“need,”“analgesia,”“assessment,” and “surgery.” While some keywords like “education,”“knowledge,” and “patient-controlled analgesia” found to be important in Korean studies; “treatment,”“hospice palliative care,” and “children” were critical keywords in international studies. Three common sub-topic groups found in Korean and international studies were “pain and accompanying symptoms,”“target groups of pain management,” and “RNs' performance of pain management.” It is only in recent years (2016~17), that keywords such as “performance,”“attitude,”“depression,” and “sleep” have become more important in Korean studies than, while keywords such as “assessment,”“intervention,”“analgesia,” and “chronic pain” have become important in international studies. CONCLUSION It is suggested that Korean pain-management researchers should expand their concerns to children and adolescents, the elderly, patients with chronic pain, patients in diverse healthcare settings, and patients' use of opioid analgesia. Moreover, researchers need to approach pain-management with a quality of life perspective rather than a mere focus on individual symptoms.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the keywords and major topics of the educational goals and objectives of nursing educational institutions in South Korea. Methods: From May 10 to May 20, 2022, the educational goals and objectives of all 201 nursing educational institutions in South Korea were collected. Using the NetMiner program, degree and degree centrality, semantic structure, and topic modeling were analyzed. Results: The top keywords and semantic structures of educational goals included ‘respect for human (life)-spirit-science-based on, global-competency-professional nurse-nursing personnel-training, professional-science-knowledge-skills, and patients-therapeutic care-relationship.’ The educational goals’ major topics were clients well-being based on science and respect for human life, a practicing nurse with capabilities and spirit, fostering a nursing personnel with creativity and professionalism, and training of global nurses. The top keywords and semantic structures of the educational objectives included ‘holistic care-nursing-research-action-capability, critical thinking-health-problem solving-capability, and efficiency-communication-collaboration-capability.’ The educational objectives’ major topics were ‘nursing professionalism, communication and problem-solving capability; a change of healthcare environments and a progress of nursing practices; fostering professional nurses with creativity and global capability; and clients’ health and nursing practice.’ Conclusion Educational goals in nursing presented specific nursing values and concepts, such as respect for human life, therapeutic care relationships, and the promotion of well-being. Educational objectives in nursing presented the competencies of nurses as defined by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education (KABONE). Recently, the KABONE announced new program outcomes and competencies, which will require the revision of educational goals. To achieve those educational objectives, it is suggested that the expected level of competencies be clearly defined for nursing graduates.