Status epilepticus(SE)is one of the most common medical emergencies in children.There has been some recent understanding of this fife-threatening condition with reference to the definition,forms of ignorable seizure,drug treatment and role of EEG monitoring.This review discusses the current information regarding the definition,diagnosis,treatment of status epilepticus and the latest advance on management of refractory SE in children.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by nonfermentative bacteria in ICU.Methods Using binary logistic regression analysis,we reviewed the related risk factors of hospital acquired pneumonia caused by nonfermentative bacteria from January,2002 to May,2006 in ICU of our hospital.Results Univariate regression ana- lysis identified 22 variables associated with HAP,including age,diabetes mellitus,malignant tumor,chronic obstructive pul- monary disease (COPD),smoking,Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score,Acute Physiology and Chronic Healthy EvaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) score.Multivariate regression analysis confirmed 6 high risk factors:aspiration,COPD,use of antacids,seda- tive agents,mechanical ventilation and tracheal intubation or tracheostomy.Conclusions Aspiration,COPD,use of antacids, sedative agents,mechanical ventilation,tracheal intubation or tracheostomy are high risk factors associated with HAP.

Objective To investigate the attention of community population in Shanghai to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related influencing factors. Methods Community populations in 27 community health service centers in Jing’an District and Minhang District of Shanghai were surveyed by stratified random sampling method. The investigation included the understanding the early symptoms, examination methods, dietary requirements and intervention measures of CKD and the attention to kidney health and the related influencing factors. Results The overall attention of community population in Shanghai to CKD was 31.4% (240/764). The community population paid the most attention to the treatment of CKD (57.5%, 439/764), followed by life expectancy (63.5%, 485/764), while the concerns about physical symptoms and urination change were the lowest (19.5% [149/764] and 21.7% [166/764], respectively). Residents aged 60 years or older, with junior college or above, and having participated in the CKD health lectures paid the most attention to CKD. Conclusion The attention of community population in Shanghai to CKD is low, suggesting that the health education should be strengthened to improve the cognitive level of CKD in community population.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and related risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the high-risk residents in Minhang District of Shanghai, so as to provide recommendation for the prevention of CKD. Methods A total of 22 811 subjects with high risk of CKD in Minhang District of Shanghai were screened by cluster random sampling method. The clinical data from the population were collected by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory examination, and were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression analysis. Results Among the 22 811 subjects, 9 605 (42.1%) were males and 13 206 (57.9%) were females. The number of suspected CKD patients was 5 989 (26.3%, 5 989/22 811) and the number of CKD patients was 1 633 (7.2%, 1 633/22 811). The detection rates of positive urinary protein and abnormal urinary red blood cell count in the males were significantly lower than those in the females (P0.01); there were no significant differences in the detection rates of abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or abnormal urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) between different genders (P0.05). The detection rates of the above indexes in the non-aged group (65 years old) were lower than those in the elderly group (≥65 years old). There were no significant differences in the detection rates of positive urinary protein or abnormal UACR between different age groups (P0.05), while the detection rates of abnormal urine red blood cell count and abnormal eGFR were significantly different between different age groups (P0.01). Gender, age, body weight, height, blood pressure, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, hyperuricemia and history of renal transplantation were risk factors of CKD (P0.05), while body mass index, history of genetic kidney disease, family history of chronic nephritis, history of renal tubules lesions, renal ultrasound structural abnormalities and history of renal biopsy were not related to the occurrence of CKD (P0.05). Conclusion Early screening, early intervention and standardized health management are necessary measures to reduce the incidence of CKD in high-risk population of CKD. Specific measures include real-time control of high-risk factors (blood pressure, blood glucose and so on), developing targeted regular health examination program, and strengthening the screening of CKD in elderly people, which can delay and control the CKD.

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between various complications of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and Chinese medical syndromes, thus indicating distribution laws of Chinese medical syndromes in various complications of CHF patients.

METHODSChinese medical syndrome typing was performed in 630 CHF patients by cross-sectional study of the demographic data, history of present diseases, related information on Chinese medical four diagnostic methods, and the distribution of complications. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation of various complications of CHF patients and Chinese medical syndromes.

RESULTSIn this study, recruited were common complications such as hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmia, hyperlipemia, and cerebral vascular accident, and so on. Main syndromes were sequenced as qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, water retention syndrome, yin deficiency syndrome, phlegm turbid syndrome, yang deficiency syndrome. Results of Logistic regression analysis indicated that correlation existed between common complications and Chinese medical syndromes. In CHF complicated hypertension patients, Logistic regression analysis showed qi deficiency syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome were negatively correlated with hypertension (P < 0.05). In CHF complicated diabetes patients, Logistic regression analysis showed phlegm turbid syndrome and water retention syndrome were positively correlated with diabetes (P < 0.05). In CHF complicated arrhythmia patients, there was no statistical difference in the distribution of each syndrome (P > 0.05). In CHF complicated hyperlipemia patients, Logistic regression analysis showed qi deficiency syndrome and water retention syndrome were negatively correlated with hyperlipemia (P < 0.05), while blood stasis syndrome, yin deficiency syndrome, and phlegm turbid syndrome were positively correlated with hyperlipemia (P < 0.01). In CHF complicated cerebral vascular accident patients, Logistic regression analysis showed qi deficiency syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome were negatively correlated with cerebral vascular accident (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere existed certain correlations between complications of CHF and the distribution of main Chinese medical syndromes. It could be used as guidance for treating CHF and its various complications by Chinese medicine and pharmacy.

Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Heart Failure ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yang Deficiency ; complications ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; complications ; diagnosis

Objective To establish a method for rapid screening and quantifying the illegal addition of metolazone in tablet candy by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS).Methods The component in samples was extracted with acetonitrile,then purified by Captiva EMR-Lipid purification column,detected by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS with Agilent RRHD Eclipse Plus C18 chromatographic column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm)under Targeted MS/MS mode.Results The linear regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 50-1 000 ng·mL-1 for metolazone(r=0.999 0);the value of detection limit and quantification limit was found to be 1.0 μg.g1 and 2.5 μg·g-1.The average recovery rate was 98.15％(RSD=2.2％,n=18).Conclusion The method had the advantages of simple operation,qualitative and quantitative accuracy.It could be applied to daily inspection.

OBJECTIVETo investigate allelic frequencies of interluekin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter in Miao, Dong and Buyi ethnics of Guizhou.

METHODSTaqMan MGB-based real-time PCR was used to determine the genotypes of IL-10 -819 and IL-10 -592 in 589 Miao, Dong and Buyi ethnics of Guizhou.

RESULTSThe allelic frequency of IL-10 -819 in Miao ethnics was significantly different from those in Dong or Buyi ethnics. Allelic frequencies of IL-10 -592 in Miao ethnics was significantly different from those in Dong or Buyi ethnics. In Miao, Dong and Buyi ethnics, the distributions of genotype frequencies of IL-10 -819 and IL-10 -592 were statistically different from Han ethnics from Guizhou and Taiwan of China as well as South Koreans.

CONCLUSIONThere is a heterogeneity in the frequencies of polymorphisms of IL-10 promoter among different ethnic groups.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Population Groups ; genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

Objective To analyze the outcomes of adjustable and set-pressure valves in the management of communicating hydrocephalus in children. Methods A retrospective study reviewing the medical records of 66 children with communicating hydrocephalus who received ventriculoperitoneal shunt at our center from January 2003 to December 2009 was performed. All the patients were divided into 2 groups: Codman Hakim adjustable valve group (n=27) and Medtronic set-pressure valve group (n=39). Rate of appearing complication and shunt survival time were analyzed between the 2 groups.Results The rate of shunt infection, proximal or distal obstruction, subdural hematoma and subdural hygroma showed no statistical significance between patients of the adjustable and set-pressure valve groups (P=1.000, P=0.727, P=0.455, P=0.691, respectively). The average shunt survival time of children in the adjustable valve group was 52.551 months (38.169-66.852, 95% CI) and that of children in the set-pressure valve group was 42.327 (31.636-53.019, 95%CI); no statistical significance on the average shunt survival time between these 2 groups was noted (x2=0.763, P=0.382).Conclusion The adjustable valve is not superior to set-pressure valve in the treatment of communicating hydrocephalus in children.

OBJECTIVETo construct recombinant baculoviruses co-expressing three structural genes vp2, vp6 and vp7 of rotavirus, and assemble rotavirus-like particles (VLPs) in BmN cells.

METHODSHuman group A rotavirus was cultivated in MA104 cells, and the RNA was extracted and the three genes were obtained by RT-PCR. The PCR products were inserted into the transfer vectors pFBDM and pUCDM, respectively. A enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (egfp) driven by IE1 promoter was introduced into pFBDM to investigate the efficiency of infection. The expression baculoviruse was constructed by Tn7 and Cre-LoxP recombinant and transfected into BmN cells. The gene expression was determined by detecting 6-His tag fused into VP7 C-terminus, and the assembled VLPs were observed by transmission electron micrography.

RESULTSThree genes of rotavirus were cloned and BmMultiBac was constructed. The genes were expressed and the rotavirus-like particles assembled in BmN cells successfully as verified by ELISA and electron microscope.

CONCLUSIONWe have successfully constructed the recombinant baculovirus co-expressing the 3 structural genes of rotavirus, which provide the basis for producing protein complex containing multiple subunits and investigation of the structure of the macromolecules.

Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bombyx ; virology ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Rotavirus ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo measure Derp1 and Blot5 allergen levels in asthmatics' homes in Hongkong.

METHODSSeventy houses were enrolled for a mite indoor environment study. Dust samples were obtained from two sites of each patients' house: bed and floor. Derp1 and Blot5 levels were quantified by a two-site monoclonal antibody-based ELISA technique.

RESULTSThe levels of Derp1 allergens found in bed (geometric mean (GM) 3.43 microg/g of dust; 95%CI, 1.89-4.96 microg/g) and on the floor (GM 1.12 microg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.71-1.53 microg/g) indicated significant differences (P=0.005). However, the levels of Blot5 allergens found in bed (GM 19.00 microg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.89-38.90 microg/g) and on the floor (GM 6.14 microg/g of dust; 95%CI, 0.40-11.90 microg/g) showed no statistically significant difference. In addition, in regards to the exposure index for Derp1 and Blot5 allergens found in bed and on the floor, 17.6% in bed and 8.6% on the floor had levels of Blot5 > or = 10 microg/g of dust, higher than those obtained for Derp1 (7.2% and 0% in bed and on the floor respectively, P<0.05); higher percentages in bed and on the floor (25.0% and 35.7%) were observed for levels of Blot5 = 0 microg/g of dust as compared with Derp1 in bed and on the floor (4.3% and 14.5% respectively, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDerp1 and Blot5 are the major allergens found in this regional study, Blot5 is a more potent allergen in Hongkong, probably reflecting the high level of exposure to Blomia tropicalis (Bt). Bt and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergens should be included for precise diagnosis and effective immuno-therapeutic treatment of mite allergy in Hongkong.

Allergens ; analysis ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides ; analysis ; Arthropod Proteins ; Asthma ; immunology ; Bedding and Linens ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; immunology ; Dust ; analysis ; Environmental Exposure ; Floors and Floorcoverings ; Hong Kong ; Housing ; Humans ; Humidity ; Mites ; immunology