PURPOSE: Neonatal surgical conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract are varied, can affect any part of the intestinal tract, and frequently require urgent surgical intervention. Unfortunately, nonspecific and overlapping symptomatology exists among the conditions affecting the intra-aMominal intestinal tract and requires of the evaluating physician a thorough understanding of their pathophysiology. So we studied signs and symptoms, frequency and incidence, ages at diagnosis, and diagnostic method of the neonatal gastrointestinal obstructions. METHOD: We reviewed retrospectively the charts of patients, who had been diagnosed as gastrointestinal obstruction during the neonatal period, and had been admitted to Gyeongsang National University Hospital from Feb. 1988 to Feb. 1997. RESULT: Total 77 cases were enrolled in this study. There were 59 rnales (76.796) and female 18 cases (23.4%). The male to female ratio was 3.28: 1. Twenty-two cases of imperforate anus (28.6%), 18 cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (23.4%), 15 cases of congenital megacolon (19.5%) were observed. Other diseases causing the neonatal gastrointastinal obstruction were annulus pancreas (7.8%), jejunal atresia (6.5%), duodenal atresia (1.3%), duodenal web (2.6%), ileal atresia (2.6%), midgut volvulus (2.6%), intussusception (1.3%), and trachoesophageal fistula (2.6%). The rnost common symptom was vomiting with 32 cases (41.6%), followed by abdominal distension with 31 cases (40.3%), absence of anus with 17 cases (22.1%), and delayed meconium passage with 9 cases (11.7%). Associated other anomalies were observed in 18 cases (23%). Imperforate anus was seen with the highest rate of associated anomalies. The most common associated anomaly was the cardiac anomaly. Colon study (26%), physical examination (24.7%), abdominal sonography (15.6%), upper GI series (11.7%), and simple abdomen (9.1%) were diagnostic in the neonatal gastrointestinal obstructions. Seventeen cases (22%) were died before or after the surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Neonatal gastrointestinal obstructions were associated with the high mortality rate. Abdominal distension and vomiting were the specific symptoms of neonatal gastrointe- stinal obstructions. Extensive search for the associated anomalies are reqiured because of its high frequency in the patients of the neonatal gastrointestinal obstructions. Thorough physical examination, colon study, abdominal sonography, upper GI series, and simple abdomen were essential in the diagnosis of the neonatal intestinal obstructions.
Abdomen ; Anal Canal ; Anus, Imperforate ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fistula ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Atresia ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Intussusception ; Male ; Meconium ; Mortality ; Pancreas ; Physical Examination ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Retrospective Studies ; Vomiting

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the keywords and major topics of the educational goals and objectives of nursing educational institutions in South Korea. Methods: From May 10 to May 20, 2022, the educational goals and objectives of all 201 nursing educational institutions in South Korea were collected. Using the NetMiner program, degree and degree centrality, semantic structure, and topic modeling were analyzed. Results: The top keywords and semantic structures of educational goals included ‘respect for human (life)-spirit-science-based on, global-competency-professional nurse-nursing personnel-training, professional-science-knowledge-skills, and patients-therapeutic care-relationship.’ The educational goals’ major topics were clients well-being based on science and respect for human life, a practicing nurse with capabilities and spirit, fostering a nursing personnel with creativity and professionalism, and training of global nurses. The top keywords and semantic structures of the educational objectives included ‘holistic care-nursing-research-action-capability, critical thinking-health-problem solving-capability, and efficiency-communication-collaboration-capability.’ The educational objectives’ major topics were ‘nursing professionalism, communication and problem-solving capability; a change of healthcare environments and a progress of nursing practices; fostering professional nurses with creativity and global capability; and clients’ health and nursing practice.’ Conclusion Educational goals in nursing presented specific nursing values and concepts, such as respect for human life, therapeutic care relationships, and the promotion of well-being. Educational objectives in nursing presented the competencies of nurses as defined by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education (KABONE). Recently, the KABONE announced new program outcomes and competencies, which will require the revision of educational goals. To achieve those educational objectives, it is suggested that the expected level of competencies be clearly defined for nursing graduates.

PURPOSE: Drowning is the second most common cause of accidental death in children, exceeded only by motor vehicle accidents. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic factors of near-drowning in children, such as age, sex, season, site of submersion, and initial clinical or laboratory manifestrations, and to formulate preventive strategies for decreasing injuries by drowning. METHODS: Sixty-one near-drowning children who were admitted to Gyeongsang National Hospital from January, 1988 to August, 1996, were identified. A review of the medical charts provided information concerning the submersion accidents. RESULTS: Boys had a greater risk of submersion than girls (m=42, F=19). The peak age of 1 to 4 years is consistent with the known propensity of toddlers for accidents. Submersion occurred 21 in the sea, 14 in rivers, 7 in bathtubs, 6 in puddles, 3 in ponds, 3 in swimming pools, 2 in valleys, 2 in water tanks, 2 in Korean classic toilets, and 1 in well. There were differences in the concentrations of electolytes between fresh and salt water submersion. Near-drowning occurred most commonly in summer, but it could be observed all the year round, because of the geographical factor of Chinju. Among 61 cases, 49 cases recovered without significant neurologic sequalae and 12 cases died or survived with severe anoxic encephalopathy. Poor prognostic factors were Glasgow coma scale (GCS) less than 5, body temperature less than 36.0degrees C, initial arterial pH less than 7.10, serum glucose over 300mg/dL, AST and/or ALT over 50IU/L, presence of early convulsion, presence of chest X-ray abnormalities, and need for an artificial ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood near-drowning accidents are more frequently observed in Chinju than expected in any other province of Korea. We found that known poor prognostic factors for death or severe neurologic sequalae also were operating in our study population. Preventive measures against drowning and near-drowning through school and local education programs seems to be the most important strategy. If submersion victim is found, a quick appropriate extensive cardiopulmonary resuscitation is important to prevent the death or neurologic sequalae.
Blood Glucose ; Body Temperature ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Child ; Drowning ; Education ; Female ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypoxia, Brain ; Immersion ; Korea ; Motor Vehicles ; Near Drowning* ; Ponds ; Prognosis ; Rivers ; Seasons ; Seizures ; Swimming Pools ; Thorax ; Ventilation ; Water

We performed an epidemiologic survey to investigate the dermatologic problems from cutting oils in metal workers. The personal questionnaires and dermatologic examinations were performed on 360 metal workers who were working at 50 metal industries. The pH meter (HANNA 8520) and the atomic absorption spectrometer(G.B.C. 902) were employed to measure the pH values of cutting oil and the concentration of heavy metals contained in cutting oil respeetively. The results were as follows : 1. The prevalence rates of the dermatologic disorders from cutting oil were 46.0% of eontact dermatitis, 10.9% of black comedone, and 7.1% of paronychia in orders. The dermatologic disorders that seemed to be not directly associsted with cutting oil were callosity(19.1%), burn by metal chips(9.8%), and mechanical injury(5.7%). 2. The localizations of the contact dermatitis and the black cemedone from cutting oil were 84% of hands, 6.6% of face, and 5% af forearms. More detailed localizations of the contact dermatitis and black comedone that developed in hand were 29.6% if finger tip, 27.6% of palm and palm finger, and 19.1% of palm finger only in orders. 3. The prevalence rates of the dermatologic disorders by the of cutting oil were 51.5% of soluble oil, 68.8% of insoluble oil, and 80.8% of mixed cutting oil which containing both soluble and insoluble oil. 4. The mean pH value of aoluble cutting oil was 8.0 and that of insoluble cutting oil was 7.0. 5. The concentrations of heavy metals contained in soluble oil were 32.2 mg/m3 of chrome, 6.42 mg/m3 of nickel, and 4.85 mg/m3 of cobalt. The concentrations of heavy metals contained in inspluble oil were 24.11 mg/m of chrome, 4.63 mg/m3 of nickel, and 2.30 mg/m3 of cobalt.
Absorption ; Burns ; Cobalt ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Fingers ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Metals, Heavy ; Nickel ; Oils ; Paronychia ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Hysterosalpingography*

Inadvertent application of ionizing radiation, a valuable tool in diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy, results in injury and death of adjacent normal cells, inducing gene mutations or even producing latent cancers. Captopril, an angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, has been reported to prevent the structural and functional changes in variable organs, such as lung and kidney, from radiation injury in different experimental animal models. An experiment was carried out to elucidate the radiation-induced histomorphologic changes of small intestine, especially jejunum, and to determine whether captopril can reduce or prevent the radiation-induced injuries in jejunum. Twenty-six healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Experimental group (n=24) was divided into two large groups: the first one (n=16) was treated with two different single dose (9 Gy, 17 Gy) irradiation only and was sacrificed at 12 hours and at 8 weeks following irradiation; the second one (n=8) received captopril 500 mg/l per oral continuously after same doses of irradiation and was sacrificed at 8 weeks. The control group (n=2) was maintained on a stock diet in a same period of experimental group and sacrificed coincidentally. On light and electron microscopy, the 9 Gy and 17 Gy 12 hours groups revealed frequent apoptosis and necrosis but extremely decreased mitotic figures of the crypt cells. However, the 9 Gy and 17 Gy 8 weeks groups and the combined irradiation with captopril groups showed extremely reduced apoptosis and necrosis with increased mitotic figures. There was good correlation between experimental groups in apoptotic count and mitotic count (p<0.05). In the 9 Gy and 17 Gy 12 hours groups, the mucosal surface was focally or diffusely fragmented and the villi were slightly to moderately distorted. Collagen deposition was very mild and confined to the lower portion of the lamina propria. The 9 Gy and 17 Gy 8 weeks groups showed more severe mucosal surface fragmentation even with foci of erosion, short and distorted villi, and more intense collagen deposition. In contrast, the combined irradiation with captopril groups revealed complete regeneration of the mucosal surface epithelium and absent collagen deposition. These findings suggest that the acute radiation injuries to small intestine occur principally in the mucosal crypt cells. Captopril, the ACE inhibitor, might provide a useful intervention in the radiation injuries of intestinal mucosa.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Captopril ; Collagen ; Diet ; Epithelium ; Intestinal Mucosa* ; Intestine, Small ; Jejunum ; Kidney ; Lung ; Microscopy, Electron ; Models, Animal ; Mucous Membrane ; Necrosis ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Radiation Injuries ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Radiotherapy ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration

A 10-year-old boy had a recurrence of cutaneous lesions 1 week after only one exposure to jellyfish on the lower extremity. The recurring lesion was charaeterized by pruritic several linear or whiplash-like erythematous and some edematous papuloplaques. The histopathologic findings showed focal hyperkeratosis, acanthosis in epidermis and mild perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells, capillary proliferations in dermis.
Capillaries ; Child ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Recurrence

During 1964 to 1967, a survey of 30,534 persons for filariasis was made on all over the country with the following results: Among 24,816 draftees from all over the country in the army recruitment camp 155(0.63 %) were found infected with Brugia malayi. Cheju Do showed the highest microfilaria rate(3.5 %), North Kyongsang Do(1.4 %) the next and South Cholla Do(1.2 %) the third. Blood films from 2,308 inhabitants were examined and 407(17.6 %) showed microfilaria in Cheju Do. 30(3.1 %) out of 974 inhabitants in North Kyongsang Do were found to be infected. The microfilaria rates were 2.0 per cent for 400 inhabitants of Chindo island in South Cholla Do. However, no positive case of microfilaria was found in the inhabitants of Kokumdo among 1,820 persons examined in South Cholla Do and of Namhae island(among 165 persons examined) in South Kyongsang Do. The mean microfilarial density per 20 cu. mm of blood was 52.6 in the inhabitants of Cheju Do, 12.2 in North Kyongsang Do and 27.3 in Chindo island(South Cholla Do). Any distinct relationship between the incidence of positive cases of microfilariae and age or sex of the cases was not observed in Cheju Do. However, in Norh Kyongsang Do and South Cholla Do the microfilaria rate of the male group is higher than the one of the female group of the inhabitants. From the above survey results it turned out that filariasis was found throughout Southern Korea except Kyonggi Do and South Kyongsang Do. A total 30,534 persons examined, 601(2.0 %) were found to be infected by Brugia malayi. Therefore, it seems that there are some endemic foci of malayian filariasis in three main areas such as North Kyongsang Do, South Cholla Do and Cheju Do.
parsitology-helminth-nematoda-Brugia malayi ; filariasis ; epidemiology ; Army

No abstract available.

To get basic data for the development of health care toward the staff of a university, an evaluation study of the risk factors for the cardiovascular disease utilizing data from questionnaire and health examination performed in 1994 for 1233 staff of Chosun University and its affiliated Hospital. The results are as follows: 1. The mean values of systolic blood pressure was 122.0+/-14.7mmHg for the male and 111.8+/-12. lmmHg for the female. The mean values of diastolic blood pressure was 82. 5+/-12.0mmHg for the male and 73.7+/-10.0mmHg for the female. The mean values of serum total cholesterol was 185.6+/-33.4mg/dl for the male and 173.5+/-32.6mg/dl for the female. The mean values of body mass index(BMI) was 23. l+/-2.4kg/m2 for the male and 21.5+/-2.3kg/m2 for the female. The smoking rate of the male was 47. 6% and that of the female was 0.4%. 2. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels increased with age in both sexes. Under 55 years of age the mean blood pressures of the male were higher than that of the female, but the levels of both sexes at 55-64 year old group did not show any big difference. The mean values of serum total cholesterol and BMI also increased with age in both sexes. Under 45 years of age, the serum cholesterol and BMI levels of the male were higher than that of the female, but on the contrary, levels of the male were lower than that of the female at 55-64 year old groups. The mean cholestrol and BMI levels of both sexes at 45-54 year old group was similar. As the age increases, the rate of exsmoker increased and the rate of current smoker decreased among the male. 3. The additive cardiovascular risk scores were calculated considering the values of blood pressure, serum total cholesterol level and the smoking status. The distribution curve of risk scores for the male showed 39. 1% under 4 points and 60.9% above 4 points with the peak at 4 points. 61.7% of the female showed that the risk scores were under 4 points and the rest was more than 4 points with maximum 9 points. As a whole the risk scores of the female were lower than that of the male. 4. By the analysis of association between the risk score of cardiovascular disease and the subjective symptom under the stratification of age and sex, the prevalence of exertional dyspnea was significantly higher at 35-44 year male group and prevalence of dizziness was significantly higher at 45-64 year male group as the risk score of cardiovascular disease increased. Among 25 34 year and 45-64 year female group persons with lower risk score of cardiovascular disease showed higher prevalence of dizziness than persosns with higher risk score.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dizziness ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Surveys and Questionnaires