Objective To understand healthcare-associated urinary tract infection (HA-UTI)and pathogens causing HA-UTI in intensive care unit (ICU)patients,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HA-UTI. Methods Targeted surveillance data about HA-UTI in 32 hospitals in 2013 were analyzed.Results A total of 23 680 ICU patients were monitored,157 cases of HA-UTI occurred,HA-UTI rate was 0.66%;the usage rate of urinary tract cathe-ter was 80.83%,catheter-associated UTI was 1.25‰.A total of 162 pathogenic strains were detected,the percentage of fungi,gram-negative bacteria,and gram-positive bacteria was 40.74% (n=66);31.48 % (n=51),and 27.78% (n=45)respectively.Conclusion The main pathogens causing HAI-URI are fungi,comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to control HA-UTI in ICU patients.

Objective To study the in-vitro antibacterial activity of Niaoluqing Decoction on Ureaplasma Urealyticum (Uu) . Methods Sixty-three clinical strains of Uu were identified to determine their serology and antibiotic susceptibilities by the metabolic inhibition test(MIT). These strains were subcultured for 3 generations and then cultured with Niaoluqing Decoction with a series of concentrations from 250 mg/mL to 0.48 mg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined when the color of culture medium did not change from yellow to red in 72 h.Results For 63 clinical strains of Uu, the range of MIC of Niaoluqing Decoction was from 0.48 mg/mL to 15.63 mg/mL,MIC50≤1.95 mg/mL,MIC90≤3.91 mg/mL. Clinical strains of Uu had a higher sensitive to Niaoluqing Decoction than to tetracycline(?2=18.38,P 0.05).Clinical strains of Uu including all of its serotypes had a higher antibiotic susceptibility to Niaoluqing Decoction (MIC≤3.91 mg/mL) except for serotype 11, 1, 2 in this experiment contains (MIC≥7.81 mg/mL). Conclusion Niaoluqing Decoction showed a significant in-vitro antibacterial activity on clinical Uu strains with different serotypes.

Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnosis ; Endometrium ; pathology ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Female ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

OBJECTIVETo explore the underwater decompression schedule for 100 m Trimix conventional diving operations and evaluate its safety through a simulated rabbits Trimix conventional diving.

METHODSAccording to the Haldane theory, the assumed time units, the classification of tissue compartments, the nitrogen super-saturation safety coefficient and the selection of methods used for the calculation of the simulated 100 m Trimix conventional diving schedule were properly selected, and the calculating method for the dive decompression schedule was thus firmly established. In our experiments, five tissue compartments were selected during the calculation of decompression schedule: 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 40 min and 75 min, and the nitrogen super-saturation safety coefficient was calculated by 1.6. Eight New Zealand rabbits were performed a simulated 100 m Trimix dive program which was established according to the Haldane theory, and eight rabbits for intact group. The tissues wet/dry ratio and ethology were detected and observed before and after the simulated diving to evaluate the safety of decompression schedule.

RESULTSBy using the developed underwater decompression schedule, abnormal ethology changes in rabbits could not be observed after compression and decompression to the surface; and the tissues wet/dry ratio of simulated diving rabbits had no significant changes compared with the intact group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe decompression schedule calculated by Haldane theory seemed to be safe and reliable, the diving breathing gas concentration did not cause oxygen toxicity and nitrogen narcosis among the dive rabbits, and dive efficiency was greatly improved by using enriched oxygen gas in UPTD safety range during decompression.

Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Decompression ; Diving ; Helium ; Nitrogen ; Oxygen ; Rabbits

Objective:To analyze the superficial retinal blood flow around the optic disc of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) patients with affected eyes and contralateral healthy eyes, compared with healthy people.Methods:From May 2018 to may 2019, 30 patients with NA-AION in Xi′an No. 1 Hospital were selected. The changes of superficial retinal blood flow density and perfusion around the optic disc on OCTA of 30 patients with NA-AION, whose contralateral healthy eyes were compared. The pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) of both eyes was also compared. 30 healthy people with no history of eye disease and history of eye surgery were selected as healthy control group, and differences between healthy control group and contralateral healthy eye group in NA-AION patients of the superficial retinal blood flow density and perfusion around the optic disc were compared.Results:The average values of serum homocysteine, apolipoprotein E and low density lipoprotein in 30 patients with NA-AION were higher than the normal reference range. Compared with the contralateral healthy eyes, the effected eyes of NA-AION patients had lower retinal blood flow density and perfusion in the center, inner layer and complete area of the optic disc, with significantly difference ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in the latency and amplitude of PVEP-P100 between the two groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the density and perfusion of superficial retinal blood flow in the center, inner layer and complete area of the optic disc between the contralateral healthy eyes of NA-AION patients and healthy control ( P>0.05). Conclusions:OCTA is a safe, rapid and non-invasive test, and it can detect blood perfusion defects promptly, which can be used as the most commonly test method for patients with NA-AION in order to make auxiliary diagnosis and gain time for clinical treatment.

Diuretics have a long and distinguished history in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Clinical practice guidelines recommend that diuretics should be considered to be as suitable as other antihypertensive agents for the initiation and maintenance of antihypertensive treatment. However, diuretics may potentially cause electrolyte disturbances and metabolic side effects. Diuretic-induced hyponatremia is probably more prevalent than generally acknowledged. We present an unusual case of indapamide-induced hyponatremia and hypokalemia complicated by cardiac arrhythmia. The adverse drug reaction was reversible and non-life-threatening, but this case serves as a reminder that careful evaluation and constant monitoring are necessary when prescribing diuretics.

OBJECTIVESThe objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of submandibular gland neoplasia in an Asian population with a Western population and to evaluate the accuracy of fi ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and computed tomography (CT) scan in the study of submandibular gland pathologies.

MATERIALS AND METHODSWe conducted a 10-year retrospective review of 101 submandibular mass excisions. Data on the demographic profi le of patients, clinical features, correlation of fi ne needle aspiration cytology, CT scans and histology and morbidities related to surgery were collected.

RESULTSThe prevalence of submandibular gland neoplasia was 27.1%. Most (78.9%) of these were benign. FNAC and CT scans were accurate for benign neoplasia. However, the accuracy of FNAC and CT scans for sialadenitis without sialolithiasis was low.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of submandibular gland malignancy was lower in the Asian population. FNAC and CT scans were accurate for benign neoplasia of the submandibular gland.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Child ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prevalence ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Submandibular Gland Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Submandibular Gland Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze and explore the dynamic changes of postoperative serum TNF-α,IL-6,IgG,IgM and C3 levels in patients with craniocerebral injury,and to study the effect and evaluation on clinical significance.Methods Eighty-two patients who were diagnosed as craniocerebral injury and treated in our hospital from March 2015 to March 2017 were selected as the clinical research subjects,and the patients were randomly divided into the infection group and the non-infection group,41 cases in each group.The dynamic changes of postoperative serum TNF-α,IL-6,IgG,IgM and C3 levels of two groups were compared.Results Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels at 1,3 and 7 days after operation in the infection group were higher than those in the non-infection group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Serum IgM,IgG and C3 levels at 1,3 and 7 days after operation in the infection group were lower than those in the non-infection group,and the differences were statistically(P<0.05).At 7 days postoperatively,the serum IgG level in the infection group was restored to the levels in the non-infection group,and there was no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion Monitoring the postoperative serum TNF-α,IL-6,IgG,IgM and C3 levels in patients with craniocerebral injury is helpful for early diagnosis of postoperative infection,and has a high value in judging the severity of the disease.

Objective:To determine the training direction, training program and to promote management of endoscopy nurses by understanding the role delineations and professional practice competencies of gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses in China through a questionnaire survey.Methods:A questionnaire of " role delineations and professional practice competencies for gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses in China" was designed, based on the overseas profile or standards of role delineations and the professional practice competencies. Cross-cultural factors were taken into consideration for a higher content validity, and comments from endoscopic experts were consulted. Questionnaires were sent to participants from 52 medical institutions in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities.Results:A total of 252 respondents returned questionnaires, whom from 47 medical institutions in 28 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities. The respondents included 144 endoscopy nurses, aged 35.87±7.43, 53.5% with a junior professional title and 68.8% with a bachelor degree; 65 endoscopy physicians, aged 39.66±5.62, 46.2% with a junior professional title and 40.0% with a doctoral degree; 43 endoscopic-nurse managers, aged 43.12±5.78, 46.5% with a senior professional title and 90.7% with a bachelor degree. The mean score of respondents of the consistency of 12 role delineations and 10 professional practice competencies was over 3.5. The role delineations with the highest score of consistency were " technical assistance" (4.58±0.57), " hygiene and infection control" (4.54±0.62) and " care of endoscopic equipment" (4.47±0.65). The three future role delineations with the highest scores were " hygiene and infection control" (4.58±0.55), " technical assistance " (4.52± 0.62), and " health safety" (4.52±0.58). There was no significant difference in the scores among endoscopy nurses, endoscopy physicians and endoscopic-nurse managers of the consistency of 12 role delineations ( P>0.05). The most consistent professional practice competencies were " cooperation" (4.32±0.61) and " communication" (4.25±0.63), which were also the required professional practice competencies for future development (4.48±0.58, 4.46±0.58, respectively). There was a significant defference between the coincidence on status and the recognition on development of " evidence-based practice and research" competency (3.80±0.77 VS 4.20±0.73, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the scores of 10 professional practice competencies for future development among endoscopy nurses, endoscopy physicians and endoscopic-nurse managers( P>0.05). Conclusion:There is a consensus among endoscopy nurses, endoscopy physicians and endoscopic chief-nurse managers on the status of the role delineations and the professional practice competencies, as those for future development of gastrointestinal endoscopy nurses in China. " Cooperation" and " communication" are two professional practice competencies that are acknowledged by all types of participants." Evidence-based practice and research" is the professional practice competencies that all the respondents believe that endoscopy nurses need to develop in the future.

Purpose: Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as an effective instrument to reduce the burden of late diagnoses remains underutilized in China, much of the Asian countries, and in a sense all over the world. Modifiable psychosocial factors should be identified to improve screening utilization and reduce the burden of late diagnoses. However, valid psychosocial measures are unavailable. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the preventive health model (PHM) instrument for measuring psychosocial factors of HCC screening among patients with hepatitis B. Methods: This study was conducted from June 2020 to April 2021 in three rigorous phases: (1) committee-based translation from English to Chinese; (2) cognitive interviews (n = 33) and Delphi expert consultations (n = 7) for cultural adaptation; and (3) a cross-sectional study (n = 305) for validation. Results: In phase I, two items were reworded, and two retranslated for semantic equivalence. In phase II, issues related to comprehension, sensitive wording, wording clarity, question relevance, and cultural sensitivity were addressed by including pictures, rewording five items, and developing seven items. In phase III, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a five-factor 20-item solution: it explained 76.9% of the variance; had adequate factor loading (.60–.91), convergent and discriminant validity; satisfactory model fit indices; and reliability (Cronbach's α, .86−.91). Known-group analysis showed that patients with optimal HCC screening behavior had significantly higher scores on each subscale than those not having such. Conclusion The Chinese PHM instrument is culturally sensitive, reliable, and valid to measure the psychosocial factors of HCC screening. It can help nurses and researchers to tailor strategies to improve clinical HCC screening practices in high-risk HCC regions.