p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) and of cell-cycle progression. p21 expression is variable according to the type of tissue and the pathologic condition. To study the role of p21 in the multistep hepatocarcinogenesis, the expression of p21, p53 and Ki-67 was investigated in 53 cases of inactive liver cirrhosis, 4 cases of low grade dysplastic nodules, 3 cases of high grade dysplastic nodules, 7 cases of early hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), 27 cases of small HCCs (< or =3 cm), and 52 cases of advanced HCCs (>3 cm). p21 expression was not detected in liver cirrhosis, low grade dysplastic nodules, high grade dysplastic nodules and early HCCs which were mitotically inactive. p21 expression was significantly increased in small HCCs and advanced HCCs which were mitotically active. p21 expression was significantly correlated with Ki-67 labelling indices. p53 protein was not expressed in liver cirrhosis, dysplastic nodules, and early HCCs. The expression of p53 protein was, however, significantly increased in small and advanced HCCs. The p21 expression was not correlated with p53 expression. Therefore, p21 is suggested to play a role in the mitotically active small and advanced HCCs, but not in the mitotically inactive lesion of dysplastic nodules and early HCC in multistep hepatocarcinogenesis. These findings suggest that homeostatic mechanism of growth control is not totally destroyed in HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Proliferation* ; Humans* ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Phosphotransferases

Gastric glomus tumor is an uncommon benign, submucosal neoplasm and does not require radical surgical procedure. Because there are no specific clinical or radiologic features associated with the glomus tumor, it can be recognized only by its histologic characteristics. We report a 30-year-old woman who had 10 years history of epigastric hunger pain. Radiologically, a gastric submucosal tumor was discovered, which was suggestive of leiomyoma. Gastric antrectomy was performed. The tumor cells showed immunohistochemical and ultrastructural evidence of smooth muscle differentiation.
Female ; Humans

Pedunculated lipofibroma is a rare disorder characterized by ectopic deposits of mature adipose tissue in the dermis. It is a dorne shaped or sessile papule which occurs at any site and develops later in life. We, herein, report two cases of pedunculated lipofibroma which have developed on the chin of a 64-year-old man and the buttock of a 47-year-old woman.
Adipose Tissue ; Buttocks ; Chin ; Dermis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

No abstract available.
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous*

We report a case of calcinosis cutis following administration of 10% calcium gluconate, used for the treatment of a hypocalcemic seizure in a 5-week-old neonate. After administration of 10% calcium gluconate, subcutaneous induration developed at the infusion site. The histopathological findings taken from the dorsum of the left foot showed multiple foci of calcium deposits with infiltration of epitheloid histiocytes between collagen bundles and foreign body giant cells phagocyting calcific granules throughout the reticular dermis and subcutis.
Administration, Intravenous* ; Calcinosis* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Foot ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Seizures

The lower ureter is not so frequent site of the urinary tract obstruction. In lower ureteral obstruction, the obstruction should be relieved by any method for maintaining renal parenchyme. A clinical studies were made on the 24 ureters of the lower ureteral obstruction. This studies were mainly focused on the method of management by internal stent indwelling. The following results were obtained. 1. In etiology, acquired lower ureteral strictures were most common ; tuberculosis in 10 ureters, radiation in 6 ureters, pelvic lymphadenopathy in 4 ureters, and iatrogenic stricture in 3 ureters. Congenital UVJ stricture was only one ureter. 2. In the method of management, open surgeries were done in 10 ureters and endourologic methods in 14 ureters. 3. In 5 failures of the first management, open surgeries were done in 3 ureters and endourologic methods in 2ureters. The tuberculosis was the most of their etiology. 4. Complications in internal stent indwelled cases were flank pain, severe vesical irritation, migration into the bladder and the obstruction of the lumen of stent.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Flank Pain ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Stents* ; Tuberculosis ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise on visceral fat, cardiac function, adipocytokine, and NT-pro BNP concentration according to angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) genotype in obese middle aged men. Fifty three obese men (II type: 18, ID type: 20, DD type: 15), ratio of visceral and subcutaneous were over 0.4, were enrolled in the study. The combined exercise program included stretching, resistance training, aerobic exercise, and yoga. The exercise was conducted for 60 minutes, 4 times a week for 12 week period. ACE genotype was determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the genetic subtype was classified in three patterns e.g. II, ID, DD. As a results, body weight, BMI, and WHR significantly decreased after 12 weeks of combined exercise in ID type and DD type. Body fat(%), visceral fat and V/S significantly decreased after 12 weeks in DD type. HDL-C and LDL-C significantly improved in II, ID and DD type. Cardiac structure decreased in all genotype and cardiac function increased in DD type. IL-6 and NT-pro BNP, the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, were significantly decreased in DD type, after 12 weeks. Therefore, exercises have shown to be most effective in type DD which is also considered as the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Among all the ACE genotype, DD type requires the most exercise.

A 51-year-old female had disseminated, symmetrically distributed, brownish black pigmentation and papillary hypertrophy on the intertriginous and flexural areas for 6 months, and gastric adenocarcinoma was confirmed during the evaluation of internal malignancy, The cutaneous finding of acanthosis nigricans was a significant cutaneous marker of internal malignancy in this case.
Acanthosis Nigricans* ; Adenocarcinoma* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation

Purpose: To evaluate whether vascular uptake on 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT) during the clinically inactive state of Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is associated with disease relapse. Materials and Methods: Patients with TAK who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT during the clinically inactive state of the disease between 2006 and 2019 were included. Clinically inactive disease was defined as a status not fulfilling the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria for active disease in TAK. Relapse was defined as recurrence of clinically active disease after a clinically inactive period, requiring change in the treatment regimen. Vascular uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT was assessed using target/background ratio (TBR), calculated as arterial maximum standardized uptake value (SUV)/mean SUV in venous blood pool. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with relapse. Results: A total of 33 patients with clinically inactive TAK were included. During a median observation period of 4.5 (0.9–8.1) years, relapse occurred in 9 (27.3%) patients at median 1.3 (0.7–6.9) years. Notably, TBR [1.5 (1.3–1.8) vs. 1.3 (1.1–1.4), p=0.044] was significantly higher in patients who relapsed than in those who did not. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, the presence of NIH criterion 2 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 7.044 (1.424–34.855), p=0.017] and TBR [adjusted HR: 11.533 (1.053–126.282), p=0.045] were significantly associated with an increased risk of relapse. Conclusion Vascular uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT and the presence of NIH criterion 2 are associated with future relapse in patients with clinically inactive TAK.

Purpose: To evaluate whether vascular uptake on 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18F-FDG PET/CT) during the clinically inactive state of Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is associated with disease relapse. Materials and Methods: Patients with TAK who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT during the clinically inactive state of the disease between 2006 and 2019 were included. Clinically inactive disease was defined as a status not fulfilling the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria for active disease in TAK. Relapse was defined as recurrence of clinically active disease after a clinically inactive period, requiring change in the treatment regimen. Vascular uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT was assessed using target/background ratio (TBR), calculated as arterial maximum standardized uptake value (SUV)/mean SUV in venous blood pool. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with relapse. Results: A total of 33 patients with clinically inactive TAK were included. During a median observation period of 4.5 (0.9–8.1) years, relapse occurred in 9 (27.3%) patients at median 1.3 (0.7–6.9) years. Notably, TBR [1.5 (1.3–1.8) vs. 1.3 (1.1–1.4), p=0.044] was significantly higher in patients who relapsed than in those who did not. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, the presence of NIH criterion 2 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 7.044 (1.424–34.855), p=0.017] and TBR [adjusted HR: 11.533 (1.053–126.282), p=0.045] were significantly associated with an increased risk of relapse. Conclusion Vascular uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT and the presence of NIH criterion 2 are associated with future relapse in patients with clinically inactive TAK.